Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain
-
AccessReach admin btn_functions.php endpoint
-
ExploitInject SQL via test_id in action=update
-
ExecutionManipulate backend query
-
ImpactRead or alter database records
Vulnerability Assessment
| Weakness |
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A05:2025 - Injection
ASVS 5.0
V1 - Encoding and Sanitization Parameterized queries, prepared statements
MITRE ATT&CK
2 techniques across 2 tactics: Initial Access, Persistence The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up. |
| Exploitation Conditions | Requires network access to the SourceCodester Online Reviewer Management System 1.0 admin endpoint /reviewer_0/admins/assessments/pretest/btn_functions.php with action=update, supplying a malicious test_id parameter. The '/admins/' path segment indicates this is administrative functionality, so exploitation most likely requires an authenticated admin session despite the vendor's PR:N rating - defenders should treat authentication and reachability of the admin area as the primary limiting factors. No user interaction is required, and the flaw affects the single known version (1.0) with no patched release available. |
| Impact | This is a CWE-89 SQL injection in SourceCodester Online Reviewer Management System 1.0 via the test_id parameter of /reviewer_0/admins/assessments/pretest/btn_functions.php?action=update. The vendor (VulDB) CVSS 4.0 vector AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L (6.9, Medium) with E:P indicates a network-reachable, low-complexity flaw with a proof-of-concept. Publicly available exploit code exists (GitHub issue by huliangjia). There is no EPSS score and no CISA KEV listing in the provided data, so there is no evidence of widespread or active exploitation - the signals point to a POC-only, low-real-world-priority issue typical of obscure PHP CMS submissions. Two data conflicts should be verified: (1) the endpoint path segment '/admins/' strongly implies an administrative, authenticated context, yet the vector claims PR:N (unauthenticated) - verify whether the admin panel requires login; and (2) VulDB rates all three impacts as Low (VC:L/VI:L/VA:L), but classic SQL injection typically enables full database read/write, so real confidentiality impact may be understated. Overall real-world risk is low: the affected product is a niche, non-enterprise application with negligible deployment footprint. |
| Exploit ScenarioDerived | An attacker reaches the pretest assessment admin endpoint and submits a crafted test_id value to the action=update handler, injecting SQL that the application concatenates into a query. A publicly disclosed proof-of-concept exists, so exploitation is straightforward and, given AC:L, requires no special timing or conditions. Depending on the actual authentication model, this yields unauthorized read or modification of the backend database. |
Get an e-mail when this CVE is exploited, patched or re-scored. Free account.
Alert meAnalysisAIv1 – Sep 23, 2026
SQL injection in SourceCodester Online Reviewer Management System 1.0 lets an attacker who can reach the administrative assessment endpoint inject arbitrary SQL through the test_id parameter of /reviewer_0/admins/assessments/pretest/btn_functions.php?action=update, exposing and potentially altering stored review and assessment data. Publicly available exploit code exists (a proof-of-concept is published in the GitHub issue referenced by VulDB), and the vendor has not shipped a fixed version. Because the vulnerable path sits under /admins/, exploitation in practice most likely requires a valid administrative session, making reachability of the admin area and credential strength the primary limiting factors; the CVSS 4.0 score of 6.9 treats it as PR:N, our own assessment rates it CVSS:3.1 AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N with high confidentiality and low integrity impact.
RemediationAI
No vendor-released patch identified at time of analysis: SourceCodester has published no fixed version of Online Reviewer Management System and the CPE record wildcards the version, so upgrading is not currently a viable option and compensating controls must carry the risk. Highest-value mitigations, in order: (1) restrict network access to the entire /reviewer_0/admins/ path - bind the administrative area to localhost or an internal management VLAN, or front it with an IP allowlist / client-certificate check at the reverse proxy, which removes remote exploitation but complicates legitimate admin access from other networks; (2) if the pretest assessment update feature is not needed, remove or rename /reviewer_0/admins/assessments/pretest/btn_functions.php or block the action=update route, accepting functional loss of that assessment-editing capability; (3) if the code can be modified locally, patch the handler to cast test_id to an integer and replace string-concatenated SQL with parameterized PDO/mysqli prepared statements, and audit sibling scripts under assessments/ for the same pattern since only this one file was reported; (4) deploy WAF or reverse-proxy rules that reject SQL metacharacters and UNION/SLEEP/benchmark-style payloads on the test_id parameter of btn_functions.php, understanding that signature evasion is possible and this is defense in depth only; (5) enforce strong unique credentials and session hardening on the admin account, since the /admins/ path implies authenticated exploitation is the realistic attack path, and log/monitor queries against the assessments tables for anomalous UNION or time-delay patterns. No released fix version should be assumed - verify directly with the vendor at https://www.sourcecodester.com/ before claiming remediation, and consult https://vuldb.com/vuln/408548 and the PoC at https://github.com/huliangjia/cve/issues/7 for reproduction details to validate any interim control.
Affected VersionsENISA
Affected Packages
Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)
Affects your stack
Affects 1 package in euvd
Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.
Technical ContextAI · show details
The target is a PHP-based web application (SourceCodester Online Reviewer Management System, tagged PHP and SQLi) whose pretest assessment handler at /reviewer_0/admins/assessments/pretest/btn_functions.php dispatches on an action parameter; when action=update the application takes the test_id argument and builds a database query with it, falling into the classic CWE-89 improper neutralization of special elements used in an SQL command (SQL injection) root-cause class. The flaw is a code-level input-handling defect in a procedural PHP script rather than a framework or library issue, so no dependency upgrade path exists - the fix must come from the vendor rewriting the query to use parameterized statements or strictly validating test_id as an integer. The single CPE record supplied, cpe:2.3:a:sourcecodester:online_reviewer_management_system:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*, uses a wildcard version, meaning the CPE does not enumerate a fixed release and only the reported build, version 1.0, is known to be affected. No authentication or privilege requirement can be confirmed from the CVSS 4.0 vector itself (it asserts AT:N/PR:N, which is why the raw score is 6.9), but the /admins/ path segment and the assessed CVSS 3.1 vector (PR:L) indicate the parameter is only reachable inside authenticated administrative functionality, so the unauthenticated rating in the vendor vector should be treated as optimistic.
Know when Online Reviewer Management System gets its next vulnerability
- Watch products and get an email when something new is published
- Check this CVE against your own stack and servers
- Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources
No credit card · 7-day full trial
Severity by source
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P
Endpoint sits under /admins/ implying an authenticated admin context (PR:L); SQL injection primarily enables database read (C:H) with limited write via the update action (I:L).
Primary rating from Vendor (VulDB).
CVSS VectorVendor: VulDB
Lifecycle Timeline
2DescriptionCVE.org
A vulnerability was determined in SourceCodester Online Reviewer Management System 1.0. The impacted element is an unknown function of the file /reviewer_0/admins/assessments/pretest/btn_functions.php?action=update. This manipulation of the argument test_id causes sql injection. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be utilized.
Threat Intelligence Overview
How this decision was reached
The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.
What every action level means
SSVC AssessmentENISA
Priority Score
Attack Technique
SQL injection exploits the way applications construct database queries by mixing user input directly into SQL statements.
Related Vulnerabilities in SourceCodester Online Reviewer Management System SQLi/Injection Flaws
View all 4A vulnerability classified as critical has been found in SourceCodester Online Reviewer Management System 1.0. Rated cri
An issue was discovered in Online Reviewer Management System v1.0. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.2), this vulnerability is
SQL injection in SourceCodester Online Reviewer Management System 1.0 allows remote attackers to alter SQL queries throu
SQL injection in SourceCodester Online Reviewer Management System 1.0 allows a remote attacker, likely with a valid admi
SQL injection in SourceCodester Online Reviewer Management System 1.0 allows an attacker to manipulate the SQL statement
SQL injection in the test_id parameter of exam-delete.php in SourceCodester Online Reviewer Management System 1.0 allows
SQL injection in SourceCodester Online Reviewer Management System 1.0 lets remote attackers inject arbitrary SQL through
SQL injection in SourceCodester Online Reviewer Management System 1.0 allows remote attackers to manipulate the ID param
SQL injection in SourceCodester Online Reviewer Management System 1.0 lets unauthenticated remote attackers execute arbi
SQL injection in SourceCodester Online Reviewer Management System 1.0 lets remote attackers manipulate the Title argumen
EUVD-2026-84996
GHSA-5mxv-35x8-65gq
NVD
CVE.org
EPSS
Vulnrichment
VulDB
Exploit-DB