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Online Reviewer Management CVE-2026-93959

| EUVDEUVD-2026-83646 MEDIUM
SQL Injection (CWE-89)
2026-09-20 VulDB GHSA-jxrj-jfx8-pw45
5.5
CVSS 4.0 · Vendor: VulDB
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Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

  1. Access
    Reach admin course endpoint
  2. Exploit
    Inject SQL via Course parameter
  3. Execution
    Break out of backend query
  4. Impact
    Enumerate/exfiltrate database contents

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A05:2025 - Injection
ASVS 5.0
V1 - Encoding and Sanitization Parameterized queries, prepared statements
MITRE ATT&CK

2 techniques across 2 tactics: Initial Access, Persistence

The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up.

Exploitation Conditions

Requires the ability to send a request to /reviewer_0/admins/assessments/course/btn_functions.php with a manipulated 'Course' parameter. The administrative path strongly suggests the endpoint is intended to be reached only by an authenticated admin, which would limit exploitation to authenticated users unless the app fails to enforce access control on this handler (a common SourceCodester weakness) - this prerequisite is unverified. No user interaction is needed, and a public POC reduces the effort required. Limiting factors: niche educational product with negligible internet-facing deployment, single affected version (1.0), and unconfirmed authentication requirement.

Impact

This is a classic high-volume VulDB-style disclosure whose real-world priority is LOW despite the 6.9 'medium' CVSS 4.0 score. The vendor vector (CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L, E:P) claims unauthenticated remote SQL injection, and a public POC exists (GitHub issue zliang512/cve/issues/1), which normally elevates urgency. However, two signals cut hard against prioritization. First, the affected file lives under an administrative path (/reviewer_0/admins/assessments/course/btn_functions.php), which strongly implies the endpoint is normally reached only after admin login - contradicting the PR:N in the vendor vector; SourceCodester apps do have a track record of weak or bypassable auth, so this cannot be resolved without code review. Second, the vendor scored a SQL injection as VC:L/VI:L/VA:L, which understates the classic impact of SQLi (full database read = C:H) - the metrics are internally inconsistent. No EPSS score and no CISA KEV listing are available, and the product itself is a free educational PHP CRUD application with negligible production deployment. Net: publicly available exploit code exists, but this is a low-real-risk issue driven by product obscurity and disputed prerequisites rather than a genuine widespread threat.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

An attacker reaches the course assessment btn_functions.php endpoint and submits a crafted value in the 'Course' parameter that breaks out of the SQL query, allowing the backend database to be enumerated or dumped (usernames, password hashes, assessment data). A public proof-of-concept is available on GitHub, lowering the skill barrier, though whether prior admin authentication is required is not confirmed from the available data.

This Month Plan within 30 days. Why: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9).
No patch listed yet 0.4% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Sep 20, 2026

SQL injection in SourceCodester Online Reviewer Management System 1.0 allows remote attackers to alter SQL queries through the Course parameter of /reviewer_0/admins/assessments/course/btn_functions.php, enabling data disclosure along with limited integrity and availability impact. Publicly available exploit code exists via a GitHub PoC issue, but there is no evidence of active exploitation, and the feed CVSS 4.0 score of 6.9 overstates practical risk. The independent assessment rates this as LOW priority because the affected product is a niche educational PHP application with a single known version, negligible internet-facing deployment, and an unverified access-control prerequisite, consistent with an assessed CVSS 3.1 vector of AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:L.

RemediationAI

No vendor-released patch was identified at time of analysis; the references point only to VulDB records, the SourceCodester homepage, and a public GitHub PoC, so remediation must rely on code hardening and compensating controls. The primary engineering fix is to rewrite the vulnerable query in /reviewer_0/admins/assessments/course/btn_functions.php to use parameterized queries or prepared statements for the Course parameter and to apply strict server-side validation such as an allowlist of expected course values, which removes the root cause but requires source-code access and testing of the admin assessment workflow. Because the handler sits under an admins path, also enforce and verify authentication and authorization checks on this endpoint, since any missing access control would expand exposure to unauthenticated or low-privilege users; adding these checks can break existing automated or legacy admin scripts that call the file directly. Until a patch is available, restrict network access to the admin interface by placing /reviewer_0/admins/ behind a VPN, IP allowlist, or reverse-proxy rule so only trusted administrators can reach it, with the trade-off of reducing remote admin convenience. A WAF or reverse-proxy rule that blocks SQL injection patterns in the Course parameter can provide short-term virtual patching, but it may cause false positives on legitimate course names and does not fix the underlying code flaw. Monitor web server and database logs for anomalous requests to btn_functions.php and for SQL error patterns, and recheck the VulDB and SourceCodester references periodically for an official fix.

Affected VersionsENISA

Online Reviewer Management System 1.0

Affected Packages

euvd online_reviewer_management_system no fix

Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)

Affects your stack

Affects 1 package in euvd

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

The issue is CWE-89 SQL injection in the PHP-based SourceCodester Online Reviewer Management System 1.0. The vulnerable handler /reviewer_0/admins/assessments/course/btn_functions.php takes the Course argument and places it into a SQL statement without proper parameterization or escaping, so attacker-supplied input can change query semantics, for example through UNION, boolean, or stacked-query techniques depending on the backend database driver. The CPE cpe:2.3:a:sourcecodester:online_reviewer_management_system:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* tracks the product generically, with version 1.0 the only version cited in the disclosure. The URL path sits under an admins directory, implying an intended administrative usage context. The input CVSS 4.0 vector lists PR:N while the independent assessed CVSS 3.1 vector uses PR:L, so the effective privilege requirement is not confirmed; the endpoint may require a low-privilege or administrator session unless the application fails to enforce authorization on this specific handler, which is a recurring weakness in SourceCodester code. No user interaction is needed, and a public proof of concept reduces the effort required to attempt exploitation.

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Severity by source

Vendor (VulDB) PRIMARY 5.5 MEDIUM
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P
vuln.today AI 7.6 HIGH

Admin-context path implies PR:L rather than PR:N; SQL injection yields full DB read (C:H) with limited write/availability impact (I:L/A:L).

3.1 AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:L
4.0 AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Primary rating from Vendor (VulDB).

CVSS VectorVendor: VulDB

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Attack Requirements
None
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
None
Vulnerable system: Confidentiality
Low
Vulnerable system: Integrity
Low
Vulnerable system: Availability
Low
Subsequent system: Confidentiality
None
Subsequent system: Integrity
None
Subsequent system: Availability
None

Lifecycle Timeline

2
CVSS changed
Sep 20, 2026 - 03:22 NVD
6.9 (MEDIUM) 5.5 (MEDIUM)
CVE Published
Sep 20, 2026 - 02:30 cve.org
MEDIUM 6.9

DescriptionCVE.org

A vulnerability was determined in SourceCodester Online Reviewer Management System 1.0. This issue affects some unknown processing of the file /reviewer_0/admins/assessments/course/btn_functions.php. This manipulation of the argument Course causes sql injection. The attack is possible to be carried out remotely. The exploit has been publicly disclosed and may be utilized.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.4%
Top 71% exploitable
Prevalence
Rare
SourceCodester free educational PHP CRUD app, no enterprise footprint
Exploit
POC
Public exploit code exists
Social Media
1
Sightings
Data Quality
7 sources
Confidence: High
EUVD NVD CVE.org EPSS Vulnrichment CIRCL GitHub VulDB

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity MEDIUM
CISA KEV No
Public POC Yes
EPSS 0.4%
Patch available No
Active threat No
Deciding rule
MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Scheduled
Exploitation
Poc
System Exposure· derived
Open
Automatable
Yes
Human Impact· derived
Medium
Technical Impact
Partial

Priority Score

48
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +28
PoC: +20
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

SQL injection exploits the way applications construct database queries by mixing user input directly into SQL statements.

CVE-2023-1038 CRITICAL POC
9.8 Feb 26

A vulnerability classified as critical has been found in SourceCodester Online Reviewer Management System 1.0. Rated cri

CVE-2023-25432 HIGH POC
7.2 Feb 28

An issue was discovered in Online Reviewer Management System v1.0. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.2), this vulnerability is

CVE-2026-95927 MEDIUM POC
5.5 Sep 23

SQL injection in SourceCodester Online Reviewer Management System 1.0 allows attackers to manipulate the test_id paramet

CVE-2026-95926 MEDIUM POC
5.5 Sep 23

SQL injection in SourceCodester Online Reviewer Management System 1.0 lets an attacker who can reach the administrative

CVE-2026-95924 MEDIUM POC
5.5 Sep 23

SQL injection in SourceCodester Online Reviewer Management System 1.0 lets remote attackers inject arbitrary SQL through

CVE-2026-104123 MEDIUM POC
5.5 Oct 02

SQL injection in SourceCodester Online Reviewer Management System 1.0 allows a remote attacker, likely with a valid admi

CVE-2026-105246 MEDIUM POC
5.5 Oct 05

SQL injection in SourceCodester Online Reviewer Management System 1.0 allows an attacker to manipulate the SQL statement

CVE-2026-102910 MEDIUM POC
5.5 Sep 30

SQL injection in the test_id parameter of exam-delete.php in SourceCodester Online Reviewer Management System 1.0 allows

CVE-2026-93972 MEDIUM POC
5.5 Sep 20

SQL injection in SourceCodester Online Reviewer Management System 1.0 lets remote attackers inject arbitrary SQL through

CVE-2026-93973 MEDIUM POC
5.5 Sep 20

SQL injection in SourceCodester Online Reviewer Management System 1.0 allows remote attackers to manipulate the ID param

CVE-2026-105247 MEDIUM POC
5.5 Oct 05

SQL injection in SourceCodester Online Reviewer Management System 1.0 lets unauthenticated remote attackers execute arbi

CVE-2026-105182 MEDIUM POC
5.5 Oct 05

SQL injection in SourceCodester Online Reviewer Management System 1.0 lets remote attackers manipulate the Title argumen

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