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NivoCart EUVDEUVD-2026-83724

| CVE-2026-94104 HIGH
Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type (CWE-434)
2026-09-20 VulnCheck GHSA-m76p-p4wh-76x9
8.7
CVSS 4.0 · Vendor: VulnCheck
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Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

  1. Access
    Obtain low-priv back-office login
  2. Delivery
    Call File Manager multi() endpoint
  3. Exploit
    Upload PHP via new filename or chunks>=2
  4. Execution
    Bypass extension validation
  5. Persist
    Request file in image/data/
  6. Impact
    Execute code as web server

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A06:2025 - Insecure Design
ASVS 5.0
V5 - File Handling File type validation, storage isolation
MITRE ATT&CK

2 techniques across 2 tactics: Command and Control, Persistence

The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up.

Exploitation Conditions

Requires an authenticated back-office session with at least 'view-only' privileges (PR:L) - not exploitable pre-authentication. The specific trigger is the File Manager multi() upload endpoint, which skips file-extension validation in two cases: (1) when a new filename is supplied, or (2) when the chunks parameter is set to 2 or higher. The target image/data/ directory must be web-accessible (its default state) so the uploaded PHP can be requested and executed. No user interaction and no non-default configuration are needed beyond possessing the low-privilege account; the main limiting factor is that low-privilege back-office access.

Impact

This is a genuine high-priority issue where exploitable. The CVSS 4.0 vector (AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H, 8.7) is internally consistent with the description: a network-reachable, low-complexity flaw requiring only low privileges (view-only back-office access) that yields full remote code execution - the highest-impact outcome. My independent read agrees with the vendor's severity. However, several exploitation-probability signals are ABSENT: no EPSS score, no CISA KEV listing, and no public POC were provided, so exploitation status is 'no public exploit identified at time of analysis.' No SSVC decision data was supplied. The dominant limiting factor is the PR:L requirement - an attacker must already possess a valid (even if minimally-privileged 'view-only') back-office account, which sharply narrows the realistic attacker population and makes this more an authenticated-privilege-escalation-to-RCE than an internet-facing pre-auth compromise. Combined with the product's very small deployment footprint (see prevalence), real-world risk is materially lower than the raw 8.7 suggests, though for any exposed NivoCart instance with untrusted back-office users it is a full-compromise vector.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

An attacker holding a low-privileged 'view-only' NivoCart back-office account calls the File Manager multi() upload endpoint and either supplies a new filename with a .php extension or sends the upload with the chunks parameter set to 2 or higher, both of which bypass extension validation. The malicious PHP file lands in the web-accessible image/data/ directory, and the attacker then requests its URL to execute arbitrary code on the server. No public exploit code was identified at the time of analysis.

This Week Schedule remediation this week. Why: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9).
1 public PoC No patch listed yet 0.7% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Sep 20, 2026

Authenticated back-office users of NivoCart (through 2.4.0) holding only view-only privileges can upload and execute arbitrary PHP, turning a low-privilege admin account into full remote code execution on the hosting web server. The flaw is in the File Manager multi() upload endpoint, which skips file-extension validation whenever a new filename is supplied or the chunks parameter is set to 2 or higher, letting a .php payload land in the web-accessible image/data/ directory where it can simply be requested. Exploitation requires a valid low-privileged back-office session and no non-default configuration, there is no CISA KEV entry and no public exploit identified at time of analysis, and the available data does not name an exact fixed version, so exposure hinges on whether an attacker already holds or can obtain a view-only admin account.

RemediationAI

The available intelligence does not state an exact patched version, so the primary action is to upgrade NivoCart beyond 2.4.0 as soon as a fixed release is published and to monitor https://github.com/nivocart/nivocart/issues/25 for the upstream fix; if the affected files (upload/admin/controller/common/filemanager.php lines 527-562 and upload/admin/controller/common/filemanager_full.php) are patched in a commit before a tagged release, apply that upstream fix and note that a released patched version is not independently confirmed. Until then, the most effective compensating control is to stop the web server from executing scripts in the upload destination: on Apache add php_admin_flag engine off, RemoveHandler .php/.phtml and RemoveType directives for the image/data/ directory, or on nginx use a location ^~ /image/data/ block that denies or forces download of .php files - the trade-off is that any legitimate application code placed in that directory (unusual for an image/data folder) would stop executing. Additionally, harden the endpoint itself by enforcing a strict allowlist of image extensions and MIME types server-side after the rename and chunk-merge steps (the two bypass paths), and where the product supports it, remove File Manager upload rights from view-only or low-privilege roles, since view-only access is sufficient to trigger this flaw. Reduce account-based exposure by restricting back-office access to trusted IP ranges and requiring MFA, at the cost of administrator convenience, and deploy WAF rules that flag multipart uploads to the filemanager endpoint - while recognizing that chunked uploads and new-filename parameters can evade signature-only rules. Finally, audit the contents of image/data/ for unexpected .php/.phtml files and treat any found as a compromise indicator requiring webshell removal, credential rotation and log review.

Affected VersionsENISA

nivocart 0 ≤2.4.0

Affected Packages

euvd nivocart no fix

Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)

Affects your stack

Affects 1 package in euvd

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

NivoCart is a PHP-based e-commerce/shopping cart application; the vulnerable code lives in the administrative back-office File Manager, specifically upload/admin/controller/common/filemanager.php (multi() upload handling, lines 527-562) with a related implementation in upload/admin/controller/common/filemanager_full.php. The root cause is CWE-434 (Unrestricted Upload of File with Dangerous Type): the multi() endpoint performs extension validation on the incoming upload but bypasses it in two distinct code paths - when the request supplies a new filename for the file, and when the chunks parameter is set to 2 or higher (chunked uploads). Because the destination image/data/ directory is web-accessible in a default installation, a file written there can be fetched over HTTP and interpreted by the PHP engine, completing the code-execution chain. The assessed vector (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H; vendor CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N, 8.7) confirms the key prerequisites: the attack is network-reachable and requires no user interaction or unusual configuration, but it does require a low-privileged authenticated session (PR:L) with at least view-only back-office rights. Impact is confined to the vulnerable application's confidentiality, integrity and availability (no subsequent-system scope), reflecting a single-hop web shell rather than lateral movement.

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  • Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources

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Severity by source

Vendor (VulnCheck) PRIMARY 8.7 HIGH
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
vuln.today AI 8.8 HIGH

Network-reachable low-complexity upload needs only a low-privilege back-office account (PR:L, no UI); resulting RCE gives full confidentiality, integrity and availability impact on the same system (S:U).

3.1 AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
4.0 AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Primary rating from Vendor (VulnCheck).

CVSS VectorVendor: VulnCheck

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Attack Requirements
None
Privileges Required
Low
User Interaction
None
Vulnerable system: Confidentiality
High
Vulnerable system: Integrity
High
Vulnerable system: Availability
High
Subsequent system: Confidentiality
None
Subsequent system: Integrity
None
Subsequent system: Availability
None

DescriptionCVE.org

NivoCart through 2.4.0 contains an arbitrary file upload vulnerability in the File Manager multi() endpoint that fails to validate file extensions for new filenames or when chunks parameter is 2 or higher. Attackers with view-only back-office access can upload PHP files to the web-accessible image/data/ directory and execute them for remote code execution.

Technical POC Analysis

Evidence caveat up front: the only supplied source is a one-paragraph CTI digest (gist ichintu/6f6d6a80c56f871cb012c31151e3888f).

Full technical POC analysis - root cause, step-by-step exploitation and patch breakdown - is part of the Pro and Business plans.

Latest POC

1 public PoC link from github

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Executive ViewAI

Why It Matters

NivoCart e-commerce deployments running version 2.4.0 or earlier can be fully compromised at the server level by anyone who already holds a view-only back-office account, escalating a low-trust login into arbitrary code execution on the hosting web server. Because these systems typically process customer records and payment-adjacent data, a single compromised or over-provisioned back-office credential extends risk to customer data, transaction integrity, and PCI DSS scope. Leadership should treat this as a privileged-access governance problem as much as a technical one: the exposure is driven by who currently holds low-privilege admin accounts and how well those accounts are controlled.

Business Impact: High
Compensating Controls

No vendor-released patch identified at time of analysis. Interim mitigations: restrict and monitor all back-office accounts (particularly view-only and low-privilege users), block or disable the File Manager multi() upload endpoint, deny all PHP execution and .php file requests in the image/data/ directory, move the upload directory outside the web root where possible, deploy WAF rules blocking chunked-upload abuse (chunks >= 2) and executable file extensions, and enable file-integrity monitoring plus alerting on new or modified files in web-accessible upload paths.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.7%
Top 50% exploitable
Prevalence
Rare
obscure open-source OpenCart-fork shopping cart, negligible enterprise footprint
Social Media
2
Sightings
Data Quality
6 sources
Confidence: High
EUVD NVD CVE.org EPSS Vulnrichment CIRCL GitHub VulDB

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity HIGH
CISA KEV No
Public POC Yes
EPSS 0.7%
Patch available No
Active threat No
Deciding rule
HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision
Scheduled
Exploitation
None
System Exposure· derived
Open
Automatable
No
Human Impact
High
Technical Impact
Total

Priority Score

65
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: +1
CVSS: +44
PoC: +20
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Malicious file upload attacks exploit insufficient validation when web applications accept user-provided files.

Remote Code Execution represents the critical moment when an attacker successfully runs arbitrary code on a target system without physical access.

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