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Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

  1. Access
    Reach exposed WebSocket endpoint
  2. Delivery
    Open connection negotiating extensions
  3. Exploit
    Drive unbounded per-connection queue growth
  4. Execution
    Exhaust JVM heap memory
  5. Impact
    Service OutOfMemory / denial of service

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
Exploitation Conditions

Exploitable only against a Netty-based server whose channel pipeline includes WebSocketServerExtensionHandler and exposes a WebSocket endpoint that negotiates protocol extensions (e.g., permessage-deflate) to untrusted clients. No authentication and no user interaction are required (PR:N/UI:N/AC:L), so any reachable such endpoint is at risk. Exploitation is LIMITED by: the service must actually terminate WebSocket connections through the extension handler (non-WebSocket Netty deployments are unaffected), and impact is confined to availability (memory exhaustion / OutOfMemory) with no data compromise. Real-world exposure depends on whether the affected Red Hat product (AMQ Broker 7, AMQ Clients, Camel, Keycloak/RHBK, Quarkus, Data Grid 8, Fuse 7, EAP 7/8, SSO 7, Apicurio, Debezium) is configured with a network-facing WebSocket listener.

Impact

This is a genuine but moderate-priority availability issue. The vendor CVSS 3.1 vector (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H, 7.5) indicates a network-reachable, low-complexity, unauthenticated DoS with no confidentiality or integrity impact - consistent with the description of unbounded per-connection queue growth in Netty's WebSocketServerExtensionHandler leading to memory exhaustion. No EPSS score, no CISA KEV listing, and no public POC are present in the supplied data, so exploitation status is: no public exploit identified at time of analysis. There is no SSVC decision data provided. The CWE-1035 mapping is not a true weakness type but an OWASP category grouping ('OWASP Top Ten 2017 Category A9') - the real weakness is CWE-770 (allocation of resources without limits) / CWE-400 (uncontrolled resource consumption); this mapping discrepancy should be corrected. Overall this is a real, high-CVSS-but-DoS-only concern: a resource-exhaustion flaw an unauthenticated attacker can trigger against exposed WebSocket endpoints, but its practical severity is bounded by the need for a WebSocket listener that negotiates extensions, and by impact limited to availability. Prioritize where the Netty-based service exposes WebSocket endpoints to untrusted networks; deprioritize internal-only or non-WebSocket deployments.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

An unauthenticated remote attacker opens a WebSocket connection to a Netty-based server (e.g., a Red Hat AMQ Broker, Keycloak, or Quarkus service) whose pipeline includes WebSocketServerExtensionHandler, then drives the connection in a way that causes an unbounded internal queue to grow without limit, exhausting JVM heap and denying service to legitimate users. No authentication or user interaction is required (PR:N/UI:N). No public exploit code is identified at time of analysis.

This Week Schedule remediation this week. Why: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9).
Patch available 0.5% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Sep 18, 2026

Unbounded per-connection queue growth in Netty's WebSocketServerExtensionHandler lets unauthenticated remote attackers exhaust server memory (OutOfMemory) and cause denial of service in Red Hat products that bundle the affected Netty code, including AMQ Broker 7, AMQ Clients, Build of Keycloak, Build of Quarkus, Camel for Spring Boot 4, Camel 4 for Quarkus 3, Data Grid 8, Fuse 7, JBoss EAP 7/8, Single Sign-On 7, Apicurio Registry 3 and Debezium 3. The flaw carries CVSS 3.1 7.5 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H - unauthenticated, no user interaction, availability-only) and is reachable only where a Netty-based server exposes a WebSocket endpoint that negotiates protocol extensions such as permessage-deflate to untrusted clients. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, and no CISA KEV listing; impact is confined to availability, with no confidentiality or integrity loss.

RemediationAI

No vendor-released patch identified at time of analysis; the only authoritative sources supplied are the Red Hat CVE page (https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-93558) and Bugzilla tracking entry (https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2536932), so affected organisations should monitor those for the fixed Netty build and the corresponding Red Hat product errata before scheduling upgrades. Until a patch ships, the most direct control is to remove the exposure path: on custom Netty pipelines, either drop WebSocketServerExtensionHandler or refuse extension negotiation (reject permessage-deflate and other extension offers during the handshake) - the trade-off is loss of per-message compression and therefore higher bandwidth use on WebSocket traffic, and any clients that require extensions will fail to connect. Where the handler cannot be removed, restrict the WebSocket listener to trusted networks or place it behind a reverse proxy that caps concurrent connections, enforces short read/idle timeouts and limits frames per connection, accepting that this adds latency and a new hop to troubleshoot. Complement this by setting an explicit JVM heap ceiling (e.g. -Xmx) on the affected service so memory exhaustion fails fast and predictably rather than destabilising the host, and by alerting on heap growth and connection counts per listener - the trade-off being earlier OutOfMemory errors on the affected node under load. A temporary per-IP connection and handshake rate limit at the edge reduces the attack rate but does not eliminate it against distributed sources, and does not substitute for the eventual Netty upgrade.

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Technical ContextAI · show details

Netty's WebSocketServerExtensionHandler sits in the channel pipeline and performs the HTTP/WebSocket extension negotiation handshake, including permessage-deflate compression. The reported defect is that the per-connection queue used by this handler can grow without a cap, so a client that repeatedly drives extension negotiation on a connection (or opens many such connections) can force unbounded memory accumulation until the JVM throws OutOfMemory and the listener dies. The item is tagged CWE-1035 in the supplied data, while the described behaviour is characteristic of uncontrolled resource consumption classes (resource allocated without throttling or upper bound) - the practical root cause being the absence of a queue depth limit or back-pressure in extension negotiation. CPE data ties the exposure to Red Hat distributions of Netty-consuming middleware rather than to standalone Netty itself: AMQ Broker 7, AMQ Clients, Build of Apache Camel 4 for Quarkus 3, Build of Apache Camel for Spring Boot 4, Build of Apicurio Registry 3, Build of Debezium 3, Build of Keycloak, Build of Quarkus, Data Grid 8 and Fuse 7, with the tags also naming JBoss EAP 7/8 and Single Sign-On 7. Deployments that use Netty purely for non-WebSocket protocols, or that terminate WebSocket traffic through a different stack, do not traverse this handler and are not affected.

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Severity by source

Vendor (redhat) PRIMARY 7.5 HIGH
AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
vuln.today AI 7.5 HIGH

Unauthenticated network attacker triggers unbounded queue growth with low complexity against an exposed WebSocket endpoint; impact is availability-only memory exhaustion, no confidentiality or integrity effect.

3.1 AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
4.0 AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
SUSE HIGH
Red Hat 7.5 HIGH

Primary rating from Vendor (redhat).

CVSS VectorVendor: redhat

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
None
Integrity
None
Availability
High

DescriptionCVE.org

Unbounded Per-Connection Queue Growth in WebSocketServerExtensionHandler Leads to Denial of Service

Executive ViewAI

Why It Matters

Red Hat products that bundle the affected Netty WebSocket components-including JBoss EAP 7/8, AMQ Broker 7, Keycloak, Quarkus, Camel, Data Grid 8, Fuse 7, and related services-are exposed to a remote, unauthenticated availability attack that can exhaust server memory and disrupt business services. CVE-2026-93558 carries a HIGH severity CVSS 7.5 score with availability-only impact, and exploitation requires only that a Netty-based WebSocket endpoint negotiate extensions such as permessage-deflate with untrusted clients. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and no vendor patch yet, but the broad product footprint and internet-facing use cases make proactive mitigation a leadership priority.

Business Impact: High
Compensating Controls

No vendor-released patch identified at time of analysis; interim mitigations include disabling WebSocket protocol extension negotiation (for example, permessage-deflate), enforcing strict per-connection queue and frame-size limits, using reverse proxies or load balancers with connection caps and timeouts, applying network ACLs/rate limiting to WebSocket endpoints, and monitoring memory/OOM events for early containment. Apply vendor patch when released.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.5%
Top 56% exploitable
Prevalence
Medium
Netty is ubiquitous in Java stacks but the vulnerable WebSocket-extension handler needs an exposed WS endpoint
Data Quality
7 sources
Confidence: High
EUVD NVD CVE.org EPSS Vulnrichment Vendor VulDB

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity HIGH
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.5%
Patch available Yes
Active threat No
Deciding rule
HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision
Scheduled
Exploitation
Poc
System Exposure· derived
Open
Automatable
Yes
Human Impact
High
Technical Impact
Partial

Priority Score

39
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: +1
CVSS: +38
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Denial of Service attacks render applications or systems unavailable by overwhelming resources or triggering failure conditions.

Affected Products (CPE)CVE.org

cpe:2.3:a:red_hat:red_hat_amq_broker_7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:red_hat:red_hat_amq_clients:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:red_hat:red_hat_build_of_apache_camel_4_for_quarkus_3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:red_hat:red_hat_build_of_apache_camel_for_spring_boot_4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:red_hat:red_hat_build_of_apicurio_registry_3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:red_hat:red_hat_build_of_debezium_3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:red_hat:red_hat_build_of_keycloak:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:red_hat:red_hat_build_of_quarkus:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:red_hat:red_hat_data_grid_8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:red_hat:red_hat_fuse_7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:red_hat:red_hat_jboss_enterprise_application_platform_7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:red_hat:red_hat_jboss_enterprise_application_platform_8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:red_hat:red_hat_single_sign-on_7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
CVE-2026-18963 CRITICAL POC
9.1 Aug 18

Account takeover in Red Hat Build of Keycloak allows an unauthenticated attacker to abuse the reset-credentials flow in

CVE-2026-16442 CRITICAL
9.8 Aug 05

Account takeover in Keycloak (Red Hat build of Keycloak, Red Hat Single Sign-On 7) arises because the IdP-initiated SAML

CVE-2026-16443 CRITICAL
9.1 Aug 05

Authentication bypass in Red Hat Build of Keycloak (and Red Hat Single Sign-On 7) lets an unauthenticated attacker forge

CVE-2026-15572 HIGH
8.8 Aug 05

Privilege escalation in Red Hat Build of Keycloak's Dynamic Client Registration (DCR) grants an attacker with low-privil

CVE-2026-93569 HIGH
8.2 Sep 18

Mismatched handling of the HTTP/1 absolute-form request authority in Red Hat build of Quarkus and other affected Red Hat

CVE-2026-9800 HIGH
8.1 Jun 25

Authorization bypass in the Keycloak Policy Enforcer allows any authenticated user to circumvent all enforced access con

CVE-2026-15573 HIGH
8.1 Aug 05

URI normalization bypass in Keycloak's Authorization Services PathMatcher allows authenticated low-privilege users to re

CVE-2026-16102 HIGH
8.1 Aug 05

Privilege escalation in Keycloak's Dynamic Client Registration (DCR) component allows attackers with standard user accou

CVE-2026-18214 HIGH
8.1 Jul 31

Token exchange in Keycloak bypasses Google Workspace domain allowlist restrictions, enabling any valid Google account ho

CVE-2026-11800 HIGH
8.1 Jun 25

Signature-verification bypass in Keycloak (and Red Hat's Keycloak-based products such as Red Hat Single Sign-On 7 and Re

CVE-2026-18215 HIGH
8.1 Jul 31

Tenant-restriction bypass in Keycloak's Microsoft identity provider integration allows attackers holding any valid Micro

CVE-2026-18967 HIGH
8.1 Aug 06

Session hijacking via SAML assertion replay in Keycloak's SAML broker component allows adjacent-network attackers to aut

Vendor StatusVendor

SUSE

Severity: Important
Product Status
SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop 15 SP7 SUSE Linux Enterprise Module for Development Tools 15 SP7 SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP7 SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for SAP Applications 15 SP7 Fixed
SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP4-ESPOS Fixed
SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP4-LTSS Fixed
SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP5-ESPOS Fixed
SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP5-LTSS Fixed

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