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WatchGuard Fireware OS EUVDEUVD-2026-67335

| CVE-2026-78010 HIGH
Stack-based Buffer Overflow (CWE-121)
2026-08-27 WatchGuard GHSA-hjxc-cxcg-9xjh
8.7
CVSS 4.0 · Vendor: WatchGuard
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Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

  1. Access
    Identify internet-facing Firebox VPN endpoint
  2. Delivery
    Send crafted IKE initiation packet to UDP 500
  3. Exploit
    Trigger stack buffer overflow in iked parser
  4. Execution
    Crash iked process
  5. Impact
    All IPsec VPN tunnels terminated

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
ASVS 5.0
V15 - Secure Coding and Architecture Stack buffer bounds checking
MITRE ATT&CK

1 technique across 1 tactic: Execution

The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up.

Exploitation Conditions

The iked process must be running and reachable on UDP port 500 (or UDP 4500 for NAT-T), which is the default operational state on any WatchGuard Firebox with IPsec VPN enabled. No authentication, prior session state, or user interaction is required - the overflow is triggered during the unauthenticated IKE initiation phase before any credential exchange. Exploitation is limited to appliances where the IKE port is reachable from untrusted networks; organizations that block UDP 500/4500 at an upstream firewall or restrict it to known peer IPs reduce but do not eliminate risk. The impact is strictly a denial of service - no confidentiality or integrity compromise is indicated by the CVSS vector or description.

Impact

The CVSS 4.0 vector (AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VA:H) confirms remote, unauthenticated, low-complexity exploitation with high availability impact, consistent with an internet-exposed daemon that processes unauthenticated IKE initiation messages before any credential exchange occurs. No EPSS score was provided in the source intelligence, limiting probabilistic exploitation forecasting. The vulnerability is not listed in the CISA KEV catalog and no public proof-of-concept has been identified at time of analysis, which moderates immediate mass-exploitation risk. However, because iked is internet-facing by design on VPN gateways, the attack surface requires no special positioning - the affected port is the product's intended operating surface. The DoS impact, while bounded to availability, is operationally severe on a perimeter firewall: loss of the iked process simultaneously severs all IPsec tunnels, including remote-access VPN users and site-to-site links, and may require manual intervention to restore. Organizations of any size running WatchGuard Firebox appliances with IPsec VPN exposed to untrusted networks should treat this as a near-term patching priority.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

An attacker with no prior access or credentials sends a malformed IKEv1 or IKEv2 initiation message - such as a crafted Security Association payload with an anomalous length field - directly to UDP port 500 on an internet-facing Firebox appliance. The iked process copies attacker-controlled data into a fixed-size stack buffer without bounds checking, corrupting the stack frame and crashing the daemon. All active and pending IPsec VPN tunnels terminate immediately, and VPN service remains unavailable until the process is restarted.

This Week Schedule remediation this week. Why: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9).
Patch available 0.3% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Aug 28, 2026

Stack-based buffer overflow in the iked (IKE daemon) process of WatchGuard Fireware OS allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to crash VPN processing via specially crafted network traffic, causing a denial-of-service condition on affected Firebox appliances. Any Firebox with IPsec VPN exposed to untrusted networks is at risk across an unspecified range of Fireware OS versions. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, but the CVSS 4.0 score of 8.7 with network-accessible, zero-authentication exploitation reflects meaningful operational urgency for perimeter security devices.

RemediationAI

Consult the WatchGuard PSIRT advisory at https://psirt.watchguard.com/CVE-2026-78010 for the specific patched Fireware OS version - the available intelligence does not include an explicit fix version and one should not be assumed. As an interim compensating control, restrict inbound IKE traffic (UDP port 500 and UDP port 4500) to known, trusted peer IP addresses using upstream ACLs or WatchGuard policy controls, reducing iked's exposure to untrusted sources. Note that IP-based allowlisting is not feasible for road-warrior VPN deployments with dynamic client IPs, and does not protect against attacks originating from compromised trusted peers. Organizations that do not use IPsec VPN on affected appliances should verify whether disabling the iked process is supported without side effects on their configuration.

Affected VersionsENISA

Fireware OS 12.0 <12.12.2
Fireware OS 2025.0 <2026.2.2
Fireware OS 12.0 <12.5.20

Affected Packages

euvd fireware_os fix: 12.5.20, 12.12.2, 2026.2.2

Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)

Affects your stack

Affects 1 package in euvd

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

The iked process implements the Internet Key Exchange (IKE) protocol - the control-plane handshake used to establish and rekey IPsec VPN tunnels over UDP port 500 (and UDP 4500 for NAT traversal). CWE-121 (Stack-Based Buffer Overflow) identifies the root cause as data being written beyond the bounds of a stack-allocated buffer during parsing of inbound IKE messages. On the network-facing IKE parser, this class of flaw arises when input length fields are not validated before memcpy or similar operations into fixed-size stack frames. The resulting stack corruption terminates the daemon, dropping all VPN sessions. The CPE string cpe:2.3:a:watchguard:fireware_os:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* uses a wildcard version specifier, indicating vendor acknowledgment of broad impact without confirmed version boundaries in the available intelligence.

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  • Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources

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Severity by source

Vendor (WatchGuard) PRIMARY 8.7 HIGH
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
vuln.today AI 7.5 HIGH

Remote unauthenticated network exploitation with no complexity; impact is DoS-only so availability is High and confidentiality and integrity are None, scope unchanged.

3.1 AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
4.0 AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Primary rating from Vendor (WatchGuard).

CVSS VectorVendor: WatchGuard

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Attack Requirements
None
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
None
Vulnerable system: Confidentiality
None
Vulnerable system: Integrity
None
Vulnerable system: Availability
High
Subsequent system: Confidentiality
None
Subsequent system: Integrity
None
Subsequent system: Availability
None

Lifecycle Timeline

2
Patch available
Aug 28, 2026 - 04:16 EUVD
CVE Published
Aug 27, 2026 - 23:24 cve.org
HIGH 8.7

DescriptionCVE.org

A stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability in the WatchGuard Fireware OS iked process iallows a remote unauthenticated attacker to create a Denial of Service (DoS) condition in VPN processing by sending specially crafted network traffic.

Executive ViewAI

Why It Matters

WatchGuard Fireware OS Firebox appliances contain a remote denial-of-service vulnerability in the IKE daemon that allows unauthenticated attackers to crash VPN processing, directly compromising VPN availability for remote workforce access. Organizations using these perimeter security appliances lack an available vendor patch, extending exposure across an unspecified range of Fireware OS versions. Immediate inventory and interim network controls are essential to prevent VPN service disruptions.

Business Impact: High
Compensating Controls

No vendor-released patch identified at time of analysis. Implement strict network segmentation restricting UDP ports 500 (IKE) and 4500 (IPsec NAT-T) to authorized VPN client subnets; deploy redundant Firebox appliances with active-active or active-passive failover to maintain VPN availability if one appliance experiences iked process crash; enable continuous process monitoring and automated restart policies for iked daemon; maintain enhanced logging of IPsec negotiation failures to detect exploitation attempts.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.3%
Top 75% exploitable
Prevalence
Medium
common SMB and mid-enterprise network security appliance vendor
Data Quality
6 sources
Confidence: High

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity HIGH
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.3%
Patch available Yes
Active threat No
Deciding rule
HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision
Scheduled
Exploitation
None
System Exposure· derived
Open
Automatable
No
Human Impact
High
Technical Impact
Partial

Priority Score

44
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +44
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

A buffer overflow occurs when a program writes more data to a memory buffer than it was allocated to hold, causing the excess data to spill into adjacent memory regions.

A stack-based buffer overflow occurs when a program writes more data to a buffer located on the stack than it was allocated to hold.

Denial of Service attacks render applications or systems unavailable by overwhelming resources or triggering failure conditions.

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