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PyTorch Image Models EUVDEUVD-2026-63459

| CVE-2026-15679 HIGH
Deserialization of Untrusted Data (CWE-502)
2026-08-20 zdi GHSA-5whh-98v9-qrw2
7.8
CVSS 3.0 · Vendor: zdi
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Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

  1. Access
    Craft malicious pickle checkpoint
  2. Delivery
    Host or deliver to target via model repo or direct transfer
  3. Exploit
    Target loads checkpoint with timm API
  4. Execution
    Deserialization executes embedded payload
  5. Impact
    Arbitrary code runs as victim user

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A08:2025 - Software or Data Integrity Failures
ASVS 5.0
V1 - Encoding and Sanitization Safe deserialization, type allowlists
MITRE ATT&CK

2 techniques across 2 tactics: Execution, Initial Access

The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up.

Exploitation Conditions

Exploitation requires the victim to explicitly load a checkpoint file controlled by the attacker using the timm library's checkpoint parsing functionality - for example, via model loading APIs that internally call torch.load() on a .pt or .pth file path. The CVSS vector UI:R confirms user interaction is mandatory; the attacker cannot remotely trigger deserialization without the victim taking an action to open or process the malicious file. The CVSS PR:N indicates the attacker requires no privileges on the victim's system - delivery is the only prerequisite. No non-default configuration or specific deployment mode is required; any invocation of timm's checkpoint loading with an attacker-supplied file path is sufficient. Exploitation is limited by the need to deliver the malicious file to the target, which typically requires social engineering, a compromised dependency source, or a poisoned model repository. The AV:L designation means the malicious file must reach the local filesystem or be directly opened, ruling out purely network-based exploitation without a delivery step.

Impact

The CVSS 3.0 base score of 7.8 with vector AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H accurately reflects the threat model: high impact but constrained by a local attack vector and mandatory user interaction. The attacker cannot trigger exploitation remotely without first delivering the malicious file and having the victim explicitly load it - typically via social engineering, a compromised model repository, or a malicious public upload. No EPSS score was provided in the available data, which limits probabilistic exploitation forecasting. The vulnerability is not listed in the CISA KEV catalog and no public POC has been identified at time of analysis, suggesting exploitation has not yet been observed at scale. Despite the AV:L designation, real-world risk is elevated for data science and ML engineering teams who routinely download and load third-party pretrained weights without verification - the trust boundary for checkpoint files in this ecosystem is weak. The CVSS AC:L rating reflects that no special configuration or environmental condition beyond file loading is required once the malicious file is in the victim's environment.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

An attacker crafts a malicious timm-compatible checkpoint file embedding a pickle payload that executes a reverse shell or data exfiltration command, then uploads it to a public model hub or sends it to a targeted ML engineer under the guise of a pretrained model. When the victim runs code such as timm.create_model() referencing the local checkpoint path, the deserialization step fires the embedded payload and arbitrary code executes as the victim's user account. No public POC has been identified at time of analysis, but the attack technique is well-documented for PyTorch pickle deserialization and requires no specialized tooling beyond crafting a malicious pickle object.

This Week Schedule remediation this week. Why: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9).
No patch listed yet 0.4% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Aug 20, 2026

Remote code execution in Hugging Face PyTorch Image Models (timm) version 1.0.24 is triggered when a user loads a crafted model checkpoint file, exploiting unsafe deserialization of untrusted data. The vulnerability, discovered by ZDI (ZDI-CAN-27987) and tracked as ZDI-26-523, allows an attacker who can deliver a malicious checkpoint to achieve full code execution in the context of the victim's process with no special system privileges required. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis and the vulnerability is not listed in the CISA KEV catalog, but the attack surface is practically significant in ML/AI workflows where downloading pretrained checkpoints from public sources is routine.

RemediationAI

Consult the ZDI advisory at https://www.zerodayinitiative.com/advisories/ZDI-26-523/ for vendor patch details and any updated fixed release; no exact patched version has been independently confirmed from available data. As a primary compensating control, only load model checkpoints from cryptographically verified or internally controlled sources - avoid loading .pt or .pth files obtained from untrusted public repositories, email, or untrusted collaborators. Where the timm API wraps torch.load(), investigate whether passing weights_only=True is applicable to restrict deserialization to tensor data; note this may break loading of full model configs and requires testing for compatibility. In high-risk environments such as shared ML infrastructure or automated pipelines ingesting external checkpoints, execute checkpoint loading in an isolated process or container with restricted filesystem and network access, limiting blast radius if a malicious payload executes. Monitoring for unexpected subprocess spawning or network connections originating from Python processes loading checkpoints is a useful detection control.

Affected VersionsENISA

PyTorch Image Models 1.0.24

Affected Packages

euvd pytorch_image_models no fix

Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)

Affects your stack

Affects 1 package in euvd

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

PyTorch Image Models (timm), identified by CPE cpe:2.3:a:hugging_face:pytorch_image_models:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*, is a widely-used Python library providing pretrained model architectures and checkpoint utilities for computer vision tasks. PyTorch's default checkpoint serialization format relies on Python's pickle protocol, which allows arbitrary Python objects - including callable code - to be embedded in serialized files and executed upon deserialization. CWE-502 (Deserialization of Untrusted Data) directly describes this root cause: the timm library fails to validate or restrict the contents of checkpoint files before deserializing them, meaning a crafted .pt or .pth file can embed and trigger arbitrary code execution at load time. This class of flaw is well-understood in the Python ecosystem and has historically affected PyTorch's own torch.load() API, which added a weights_only parameter as a mitigation; timm's checkpoint loading path does not appear to apply equivalent restrictions.

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Severity by source

Vendor (zdi) PRIMARY 7.8 HIGH
AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
vuln.today AI 7.8 HIGH

AV:L because exploitation requires opening a local file; PR:N as attacker needs no system privileges; UI:R confirmed by description; full C/I/A impact from arbitrary code execution.

3.1 AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
4.0 AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
Red Hat 8.8 HIGH

Primary rating from Vendor (zdi).

CVSS VectorVendor: zdi

Attack Vector
Local
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
Required
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High

DescriptionCVE.org

Hugging Face PyTorch Image Models checkpoint Deserialization of Untrusted Data Remote Code Execution Vulnerability. This vulnerability allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code on affected installations of Hugging Face PyTorch Image Models. User interaction is required to exploit this vulnerability in that the target must visit a malicious page or open a malicious file.

The specific flaw exists within the parsing of checkpoints. The issue results from the lack of proper validation of user-supplied data, which can result in deserialization of untrusted data. An attacker can leverage this vulnerability to execute code in the context of the current process. Was ZDI-CAN-27987.

Executive ViewAI

Why It Matters

Hugging Face PyTorch Image Models (timm) 1.0.24 contains a remote code execution vulnerability exploitable when users load malicious model checkpoint files. Organizations relying on timm for machine learning workloads face system compromise through the routine practice of downloading pretrained models, creating a direct threat to AI infrastructure and operational security.

Business Impact: High
Compensating Controls

Implement checkpoint file validation and integrity verification before any model loading; restrict model sources to internal repositories or vendor-verified public sources only; execute model loading operations within isolated sandbox environments with minimal system privileges; disable all remote checkpoint loading from untrusted external sources; require cryptographic signature verification of downloaded models; monitor Hugging Face timm repository for patch releases and security updates.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.4%
Top 63% exploitable
Prevalence
Medium
popular CV/ML library widely used in research and production AI
Data Quality
7 sources
Confidence: High
EUVD NVD CVE.org EPSS Vulnrichment Vendor VulDB

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity HIGH
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.4%
Patch available No
Active threat No
Deciding rule
HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision
Scheduled
Exploitation
None
System Exposure· derived
Small
Automatable
No
Human Impact
High
Technical Impact
Total

Priority Score

39
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +39
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Insecure deserialization occurs when an application converts serialized data (a stream of bytes representing an object's state) back into a living object without proper validation.

Remote Code Execution represents the critical moment when an attacker successfully runs arbitrary code on a target system without physical access.

Vendor StatusVendor

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