Severity by source
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
AC:H reflects the AT:P prerequisite (application must use formToJSON with attacker-controlled input); no confidentiality or integrity impact; availability is low, not high, because process termination requires additional absent exception handling.
AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L
Primary rating from Vendor (VulnCheck).
CVSS VectorVendor: VulnCheck
Lifecycle Timeline
4Blast Radius
ecosystem impact- 39 npm packages depend on axios (18 direct, 21 indirect)
Ecosystem-wide dependent count for version 0.28.0.
DescriptionCVE.org
axios versions 0.28.0 and later contain uncontrolled recursion in formDataToJSON when processing FormData field names with deeply nested bracket segments. Attackers can supply FormData with field names containing thousands of nested brackets to exhaust the JavaScript call stack and trigger RangeError, causing request failure or process termination in applications that do not handle the exception.
AnalysisAI
Uncontrolled recursion in axios's formDataToJSON helper (versions 0.28.0 through <0.33.0 and 1.0.0 through <1.18.0) allows unauthenticated remote attackers to exhaust the JavaScript call stack by submitting FormData with field names containing thousands of nested bracket segments. The vulnerable buildPath() function in lib/helpers/formDataToJSON.js recurses once per path segment with no depth limit, causing a RangeError that, in server-side Node.js applications lacking exception handling, can terminate the process. No active exploitation or public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis; two patched releases (0.33.0 and 1.18.0) are available.
Technical ContextAI
axios is a Promise-based HTTP client for Node.js and browsers (CPE: cpe:2.3:a:axios:axios), and one of the most widely downloaded npm packages. The vulnerability exists in lib/helpers/formDataToJSON.js, introduced in version 0.28.0 when the formToJSON public API was added. The parsePropPath() function tokenizes a FormData field name such as a[x][x][x] into discrete path segments; the recursive buildPath() function then processes each segment by calling itself without enforcing a maximum call depth. CWE-400 (Uncontrolled Resource Consumption) describes the root cause precisely: an attacker-controlled input directly sizes the recursion depth, consuming call stack memory proportional to the number of bracket segments supplied. Critically, the sibling toFormData() function already enforces a maxDepth guard - the oversight was omitted only from buildPath(). The vulnerable code path is reached via axios.formToJSON(formData), the named formToJSON export, or the default transformRequest when FormData is sent with an application/json Content-Type header.
RemediationAI
Upgrade to axios 0.33.0 (for users on the 0.x branch) or axios 1.18.0 (for users on the 1.x branch), both of which introduce a maximum recursion depth guard in buildPath() consistent with the guard already present in toFormData(). The upstream fixes are tracked in GitHub pull requests #11000 and #11001 (https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/11000, https://github.com/axios/axios/pull/11001). The vendor advisory is at https://github.com/axios/axios/security/advisories/GHSA-42h9-826w-cgv3. If an immediate upgrade is not feasible, a targeted workaround is to avoid sending FormData with an application/json Content-Type header through axios and to avoid calling axios.formToJSON() or the named formToJSON export on untrusted input - switching to standard multipart FormData submission (without JSON serialization) entirely bypasses the vulnerable code path with no functional loss for most use cases. As an additional defensive layer regardless of patch status, ensure all axios calls are wrapped in try/catch or .catch() handlers to prevent uncaught RangeErrors from terminating the Node.js process; this limits the worst-case impact to individual request failures rather than service outage.
NO_PROXY protection bypass in Axios HTTP client (versions 1.0.0-1.15.0 and ≤0.31.0) lets an attacker who controls a requ
JSON response tampering in the Axios HTTP client (versions 1.0.0 up to but not including 1.15.2) lets an attacker who ca
Prototype pollution via the Node.js HTTP adapter in axios allows an attacker who controls `Object.prototype.proxy` to si
axios is a promise based HTTP client for the browser and node.js. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.7), this vulnerability is
Axios is a promise based HTTP client for the browser and Node.js. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is
Axios versions up to 0.30.3 is affected by improper check for unusual or exceptional conditions (CVSS 7.5).
axios 1.7.2 allows SSRF via unexpected behavior where requests for path relative URLs get processed as protocol relative
axios is vulnerable to Inefficient Regular Expression Complexity. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is
Axios up to and including 0.18.0 allows attackers to cause a denial of service (application crash) by continuing to acce
Prototype pollution in Axios HTTP client versions before 1.15.1 and 0.31.1 enables silent interception and modification
Denial of service in Axios HTTP client before versions 1.15.1 and 0.31.1 allows remote unauthenticated attackers to cras
Prototype pollution in Axios library versions prior to 1.15.1 and 0.31.1 allows remote attackers to suppress HTTP error
Same weakness CWE-400 – Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
View allSame technique Denial Of Service
View allVendor StatusVendor
SUSE
Severity: Moderate| Product | Status |
|---|---|
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop 15 SP7 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP7 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Module for Python 3 15 SP7 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Module for SAP Applications 15 SP7 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP7 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 16.0 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 16.1 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for SAP Applications 15 SP7 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for SAP Applications 15 SP7 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for SAP applications 16.0 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for SAP applications 16.0 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for SAP applications 16.1 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for SAP applications 16.1 | Affected |
| openSUSE Leap 16.0 | Affected |
| openSUSE Leap 16.0 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP4 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP4-LTSS | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP5 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP5-LTSS | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Module for Python 3 15 SP6 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Module for Server Applications 15 SP4 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Module for Server Applications 15 SP5 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP4 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP4-LTSS | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP5 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP5-LTSS | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP6 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP6-LTSS | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for SAP Applications 15 SP6 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for SAP Applications 15 SP6 | Affected |
| SUSE Manager Proxy 4.3 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Manager Proxy LTS 4.3 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Manager Retail Branch Server 4.3 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Manager Retail Branch Server LTS 4.3 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Manager Server 4.3 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Manager Server LTS 4.3 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE CaaS Platform 4.0 | Affected |
| SUSE Enterprise Storage 6 | Affected |
| SUSE Enterprise Storage 7 | Affected |
| SUSE Enterprise Storage 7.1 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop 15 SP6 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP1 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP1-ESPOS | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP1-LTSS | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP2 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP2-ESPOS | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP2-LTSS | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP3 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP3-ESPOS | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP3-LTSS | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP4-ESPOS | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP5-ESPOS | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP6 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Module for SAP Applications 15 SP3 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Module for SAP Applications 15 SP4 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Module for SAP Applications 15 SP5 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Module for SAP Applications 15 SP6 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Module for Server Applications 15 SP1 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Module for Server Applications 15 SP2 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Module for Server Applications 15 SP3 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Real Time 15 SP2 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Real Time 15 SP3 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Real Time 15 SP4 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP1 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP1-BCL | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP1-LTSS | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP2 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP2-BCL | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP2-LTSS | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP3 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP3-BCL | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP3-LTSS | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for SAP Applications 15 SP1 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for SAP Applications 15 SP2 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for SAP Applications 15 SP3 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for SAP Applications 15 SP3 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for SAP Applications 15 SP4 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for SAP Applications 15 SP4 | Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for SAP Applications 15 SP5 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for SAP Applications 15 SP5 | Affected |
| SUSE Manager Proxy 4.0 | Affected |
| SUSE Manager Proxy 4.1 | Affected |
| SUSE Manager Proxy 4.2 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Manager Retail Branch Server 4.0 | Affected |
| SUSE Manager Retail Branch Server 4.1 | Affected |
| SUSE Manager Retail Branch Server 4.2 | Not-Affected |
| SUSE Manager Server 4.0 | Affected |
| SUSE Manager Server 4.1 | Affected |
| SUSE Manager Server 4.2 | Not-Affected |
| openSUSE Leap 15.3 | Not-Affected |
| openSUSE Leap 15.4 | Not-Affected |
| openSUSE Leap 15.5 | Not-Affected |
| openSUSE Leap 15.6 | Affected |
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External POC / Exploit Code
Leaving vuln.today
EUVD-2026-51866
GHSA-fq2j-3j99-rx65