Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain
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AccessReach Windows host over network
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DeliverySend crafted TCP/IP packets
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ExploitTrigger use-after-free in tcpip.sys
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ExecutionReference freed kernel memory
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ImpactLeak sensitive memory contents to attacker
Vulnerability Assessment
| Weakness |
CWE
ASVS 5.0
V15 - Secure Coding and Architecture Memory lifecycle management
MITRE ATT&CK
2 techniques across 2 tactics: Execution, Privilege Escalation The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up. |
| Exploitation Conditions | No special conditions on the surface - remote unauthenticated exploitation (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N) against default configurations of the Windows TCP/IP stack, requiring only network reachability to an affected host with no user interaction or authentication. Limiting factors: the attacker must be able to route crafted packets to the target (so the host must expose a reachable TCP/IP-processing surface, and firewalls/segmentation that block the attacker's source reduce exposure); impact is confined to information disclosure (C:H, I:N, A:N), meaning successful exploitation leaks memory but does not by itself grant code execution or integrity/availability impact; and exploitation success may depend on winning a use-after-free timing/race window, which can make reliable leakage non-trivial in practice. |
| Impact | The CVSS 3.1 vector (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N, base 7.5) describes a purely confidentiality-impacting, network-reachable, unauthenticated flaw of low attack complexity - a serious profile on paper. However, corroborating exploitation signals are weak: EPSS is only 0.06% (19th percentile), CISA SSVC records Exploitation=none with Technical Impact=partial (though Automatable=yes), and there is no public exploit identified. Note a data conflict: the CVSS metrics and description describe information disclosure (C:H, I:N, A:N), yet the intelligence Tags include 'Denial Of Service' and 'Memory Corruption' - the authoritative NVD/vendor metrics support info-disclosure only, so the DoS tag appears to be an artifact and should be verified against the MSRC advisory. Net assessment: a legitimate patch-priority for internet-facing and lateral-movement-exposed hosts because it is remote/unauthenticated, but currently no evidence of active or imminent widespread exploitation. |
| Exploit ScenarioDerived | A remote attacker sends specially crafted network packets to a Windows host to trigger the use-after-free in the TCP/IP stack, causing freed kernel memory to be referenced and its contents returned or leaked to the attacker. Because the flaw is unauthenticated (PR:N) and low-complexity (AC:L), the attacker needs only network reachability to an affected host and could repeat the operation to harvest sensitive memory fragments; no public exploit is identified at time of analysis. |
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Alert meAnalysisAIv1 – Jul 23, 2026
Information disclosure in the Windows TCP/IP networking stack allows a remote, unauthenticated attacker to read sensitive memory contents over the network by triggering a use-after-free condition. All supported Windows client and server releases (Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 26H1, and Windows Server 2012 through 2025) are affected. Microsoft-reported with no public exploit identified at time of analysis; EPSS is low (0.06%, 19th percentile) and CISA SSVC records exploitation status as none.
RemediationAI
Patch available per vendor advisory: apply the Microsoft security update that raises the affected component to at least the fixed build for your release (for example Windows 11 24H2 to 10.0.26100.8457, Windows Server 2025 to 10.0.26100.32860, Windows Server 2019 to 10.0.17763.8755, Windows 10 22H2 to 10.0.19045.7291) via Windows Update or WSUS, per https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-40406. Because the vulnerability is reachable over the network in the core TCP/IP stack, there is no clean feature toggle to disable it; as compensating controls until patching, restrict inbound network exposure with host and perimeter firewalls to limit which sources can reach the affected hosts, segment internet-facing and management interfaces, and monitor for anomalous inbound traffic - noting these controls reduce but do not eliminate exposure and may disrupt legitimate connectivity if over-scoped. Additional advisory context is available at https://vuldb.com/vuln/363197 and https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-40406.
Affected VersionsENISA
Affected Packages
Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)
Affects your stack
Affects 36 packages in microsoft, euvd
Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.
Technical ContextAI · show details
The flaw resides in the Windows TCP/IP driver (tcpip.sys), the kernel-mode component that implements IPv4/IPv6, TCP, UDP and related network protocol processing for the entire Windows family. The root cause is CWE-416 (Use After Free): a memory object involved in network packet processing is freed but subsequently referenced, and because attacker-influenced network input reaches this path, the stale memory can be read back. CPE data confirms the affected component spans Windows 10 (1607/1809/21H2/22H2), Windows 11 (22H3/23H2/24H2/25H2/26H1) and Windows Server 2012/2016/2019/2022/2025, indicating a defect in shared core networking code rather than an edition-specific feature.
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Severity by source
AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
Network-reachable, unauthenticated, no user interaction against the core TCP/IP stack with confidentiality-only impact (memory disclosure), so C:H and I:N/A:N.
Primary rating from NVD.
CVSS VectorNVD
DescriptionCVE.org
Use after free in Windows TCP/IP allows an unauthorized attacker to disclose information over a network.
Executive ViewAI
A Windows TCP/IP stack vulnerability (CVE-2026-40406) enables remote, unauthenticated attackers to read sensitive memory contents across all supported Windows versions (Windows 10, 11, and Server 2012-2025). While no public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, this vulnerability poses significant organizational risk as exposed memory could contain credentials, encryption keys, or other confidential data. Microsoft has released a patch enabling rapid remediation.
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Threat Intelligence Overview
How this decision was reached
The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.
What every action level means
SSVC AssessmentENISA
Priority Score
Attack Technique
Use-after-free vulnerabilities occur when a program continues to access memory through a pointer after that memory has been deallocated.
Memory corruption occurs when a program writes data beyond the boundaries of allocated memory regions or accesses memory in unintended ways, violating the integrity of the process's address space.
Denial of Service attacks render applications or systems unavailable by overwhelming resources or triggering failure conditions.
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