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Apple WebKit EUVDEUVD-2026-29272

| CVE-2026-28971 MEDIUM
Improper Restriction of Rendered UI Layers or Frames (CWE-1021)
2026-05-11 apple GHSA-rjgv-f67w-7wg6
4.3
CVSS 3.1 · Vendor: apple
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Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

  1. Access
    User visits attacker-controlled web page
  2. Delivery
    Malicious iframe loads referencing trusted target origin
  3. Exploit
    WebKit fails to isolate per-origin download settings
  4. Execution
    Iframe applies or reads target origin's download configuration
  5. Persist
    Download initiated or policy bypassed under trusted origin context
  6. Impact
    Partial confidentiality impact realized

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A06:2025 - Insecure Design
ASVS 5.0
V3 - Web Frontend Security Clickjacking prevention, X-Frame-Options
Exploitation Conditions

Exploitation requires that a user on an unpatched iOS/iPadOS, macOS, or visionOS device visit a malicious web page containing a crafted iframe referencing a second origin. The attack is entirely browser-side and does not require any server-side vulnerability on the target origin. UI:R in the CVSS vector confirms user interaction (page visit) is mandatory - passive network interception is not sufficient. PR:N confirms no authentication to the attacker's site is needed. Exploitation is limited to Apple platform users running Safari or WebKit-based browsers; non-Apple platforms and non-WebKit browsers are not affected. The impact is bounded to partial confidentiality (download settings leakage or misuse) with no integrity or availability consequence, and SSVC automatable:no indicates the attack cannot be reliably automated at scale.

Impact

The CVSS 3.1 score of 4.3 (Medium) is appropriate and not inflated. AV:N reflects that no network adjacency is required - the attack is delivered via a web page. UI:R correctly captures that a user must visit the malicious page. S:U and C:L together indicate a constrained, partial confidentiality impact with no integrity or availability consequence. EPSS at 0.02% (4th percentile) strongly corroborates low exploitation likelihood, and SSVC exploitation status is explicitly 'none' with technical impact only 'partial'. SSVC automatable is 'no', meaning mass exploitation pipelines are not a realistic threat. No KEV listing and no POC further confirm this is not an actively targeted vulnerability. The XSS tag in source metadata appears to be a categorical misclassification - the CWE-1021 root cause is iframe-layer confusion, not script injection; teams should not treat this as an XSS-class risk. Real-world priority is low: the bug requires user interaction, produces only partial confidentiality impact, and shows no signs of exploitation activity.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

An attacker hosts a web page embedding a malicious iframe that references a trusted target origin (such as a corporate file-sharing portal). When a user on an unpatched Apple device visits the attacker's page, the iframe exploits WebKit's improper download settings isolation to trigger a download or inherit download policies as if acting under the trusted origin's context, potentially bypassing the user's expected download prompts or attribution. No public proof-of-concept exists at the time of analysis.

This Month Plan within 30 days. Why: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9).
Patch available 0.0% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Jul 23, 2026

Cross-origin iframe download settings confusion in Apple WebKit allows a malicious iframe to inherit or apply another website's download configuration, effectively bypassing per-origin download policy isolation. Affected platforms include iOS/iPadOS, macOS Tahoe, and visionOS prior to their respective 26.5 releases. EPSS sits at 0.02% (4th percentile), SSVC exploitation status is 'none', and no KEV listing or public proof-of-concept exists, placing real-world exploitation risk well below what the network-accessible CVSS vector alone might suggest.

RemediationAI

The primary fix is to update to iOS 26.5, iPadOS 26.5, macOS Tahoe 26.5, or visionOS 26.5, as confirmed by Apple's vendor advisories at https://support.apple.com/en-us/127110, https://support.apple.com/en-us/127115, https://support.apple.com/en-us/127120, and https://support.apple.com/en-us/127121. No workarounds are documented by Apple. Organizations that cannot immediately patch may reduce exposure by enforcing enterprise content filtering to block untrusted iframe-heavy web content or restricting Safari usage to managed, allowlisted sites - though these controls degrade user experience and do not eliminate risk. Given the low EPSS and absence of active exploitation, patching through normal patch cycle cadence (rather than emergency deployment) is appropriate for most environments.

Affected VersionsENISA

iOS and iPadOS 0 <26.5
macOS 0 <26.5
visionOS 0 <26.5

Affected Packages

euvd ios_and_ipados fix: 26.5
euvd macos fix: 26.5
euvd visionos fix: 26.5

Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)

Affects your stack

Affects 3 packages in euvd

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

CWE-1021 (Improper Restriction of Rendered UI Layers or Frames) covers UI redressing and iframe-based origin confusion - the root cause here is that WebKit failed to enforce strict per-origin isolation of download configuration state when an embedded iframe from one origin could access or influence the download settings associated with a different origin. Affected components span Apple's cross-platform WebKit engine as shipped in Safari across cpe:2.3:a:apple:ios_and_ipados, cpe:2.3:a:apple:macos, and cpe:2.3:a:apple:visionos. Download settings in browsers can encompass automatic download triggers, save-as prompts, and file-type handling policies; leaking these across origins violates the same-origin policy intent and could allow a malicious site to initiate or manipulate downloads as if acting under a trusted site's permissions. The 'addressed with improved UI handling' language from Apple confirms the fix was a policy enforcement correction in the rendering layer rather than a cryptographic or memory-safety fix.

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Severity by source

Vendor (apple) PRIMARY 4.3 MEDIUM
AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
vuln.today AI 4.3 MEDIUM

Network delivery via webpage requires only user visit (UI:R); no auth needed (PR:N); impact is partial confidentiality only via download settings leakage, no integrity or availability consequence.

3.1 AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
4.0 AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Primary rating from Vendor (apple).

CVSS VectorVendor: apple

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
Required
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
Low
Integrity
None
Availability
None

Lifecycle Timeline

4
CVSS changed
May 12, 2026 - 19:22 NVD
4.3 (MEDIUM)
Patch available
May 11, 2026 - 22:18 EUVD
CVE Published
May 11, 2026 - 20:08 nvd
MEDIUM 4.3
CVE Published
May 11, 2026 - 20:08 nvd
UNKNOWN (no severity yet)

DescriptionCVE.org

The issue was addressed with improved UI handling. This issue is fixed in iOS 26.5 and iPadOS 26.5, macOS Tahoe 26.5, visionOS 26.5. A malicious iframe may use another website’s download settings.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.0%
Top 96% exploitable
Prevalence
High
iOS, macOS, visionOS collectively represent hundreds of millions of active devices
Data Quality
6 sources
Confidence: High

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity MEDIUM
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.0%
Patch available Yes
Active threat No
Deciding rule
MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Scheduled
Exploitation
None
System Exposure· derived
Open
Automatable
No
Human Impact· derived
High
Technical Impact
Partial

Priority Score

22
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +22
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

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