Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain
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AccessDistribute malicious app via App Store or sideloading
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DeliveryUser installs and launches app
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ExploitExploit UI state management flaw
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ExecutionBypass permission controls
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PersistAccess sensitive user data
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ImpactExfiltrate data to attacker server
Vulnerability Assessment
| Weakness |
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A06:2025 - Insecure Design
ASVS 5.0
V3 - Web Frontend Security UI security representation
|
| Exploitation Conditions | Requires victim installation and execution of a malicious application on an unpatched iOS 26.5, iPadOS 26.5, or visionOS 26.5 device. The CVSS vector indicates AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N, but the description context clarifies the actual prerequisite is local code execution through an installed app, not direct remote network exploitation. No special device configuration or feature enablement required beyond allowing the malicious app to run. Exploitation is limited by Apple's App Store review process for App Store distributed apps, though sideloading, TestFlight distribution, or enterprise signing certificates can bypass this control. User interaction (UI:N) suggests once the app is launched, no further user action is needed to access sensitive data. The vulnerability does not require administrative privileges, jailbroken devices, or developer mode enablement. |
| Impact | The CVSS score of 7.5 (High) reflects significant confidentiality impact (C:H), but real-world risk indicators tell a more nuanced story. The CVSS vector AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N suggests remote unauthenticated exploitation, which conflicts with the description stating 'an app may be able to access' - implying the attacker must first achieve code execution through a malicious application installation. This inconsistency suggests the CVSS vector may overstate the attack surface or the vulnerability may have multiple exploitation paths. The EPSS score of 0.02% (5th percentile) indicates minimal observed exploitation activity, suggesting this is not being actively targeted in the wild. No CISA KEV listing and no public POC availability further support low immediate exploitation risk. The vulnerability requires user installation of a malicious application, adding a social engineering barrier absent from the CVSS vector. For enterprise environments with MDM controls restricting app installation, risk is substantially lower. For consumer devices with unrestricted App Store or sideloading access, the information disclosure impact (accessing contacts, photos, health data without consent) represents moderate privacy risk but not system compromise. Priority should be medium for most organizations - patch during normal update cycles rather than emergency deployment. |
| Exploit ScenarioDerived | An attacker develops a seemingly legitimate application (e.g., a photo editing app or fitness tracker) and distributes it through the App Store or third-party channels. When a user installs and launches the application, it exploits the UI state management flaw to access sensitive user data such as contacts, photos, location history, or health records without triggering proper permission prompts or bypassing previously denied permissions. The application exfiltrates this data to attacker-controlled servers while presenting a normal user interface, giving no indication of unauthorized access. No public proof-of-concept exists at time of analysis, but the low attack complexity (AC:L) suggests exploitation does not require sophisticated techniques once the malicious app is installed. |
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Alert meAnalysisAIv1 – May 12, 2026
Malicious applications on iOS 26.5, iPadOS 26.5, and visionOS 26.5 can access sensitive user data due to inconsistent user interface state management. The vulnerability stems from UI state handling flaws (CWE-451) that allow apps to bypass expected data access controls. Apple has released patches in iOS/iPadOS 26.5 and visionOS 26.5. Despite a CVSS score of 7.5 (High), the EPSS score of 0.02% (5th percentile) indicates minimal observed exploitation probability in the wild. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing identified at time of analysis, suggesting this is primarily a platform-hardening fix rather than an actively targeted vulnerability.
RemediationAI
Update to Apple-released patched versions: iOS 26.5, iPadOS 26.5, or visionOS 26.5 as documented in Apple security advisories HT127110 and HT127120 (https://support.apple.com/en-us/127110, https://support.apple.com/en-us/127120). For devices that cannot immediately update, implement compensating controls through Mobile Device Management (MDM) policies: restrict third-party application installation to only vetted enterprise apps via allowlisting, disable sideloading and developer mode, and enforce App Store-only installation policies. Note these mitigations reduce attack surface but do not eliminate risk if malicious apps are already installed or if users have administrative control. Review application permissions for existing installed apps and revoke unnecessary data access permissions in Settings > Privacy & Security. For enterprise deployments, prioritize updates for devices with sensitive data access (executive devices, healthcare/finance sector use cases) and consider phased rollout testing the iOS 26.5 update for application compatibility before broad deployment.
Affected VersionsENISA
Affected Packages
Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)
Affects your stack
Affects 2 packages in euvd
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Technical ContextAI · show details
This vulnerability exploits CWE-451 (User Interface Misrepresentation of Critical Information), specifically through inconsistent state management in Apple's operating system UI frameworks. The affected products are iOS and iPadOS versions prior to 26.5, and visionOS versions prior to 26.5, as confirmed by CPE strings cpe:2.3:a:apple:ios_and_ipados:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* and cpe:2.3:a:apple:visionos:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*. UI state management controls how applications interact with system-level permission prompts, data access controls, and user consent workflows. When state transitions are handled inconsistently, malicious applications can potentially access sensitive data (contacts, photos, location, health data) without proper user authorization or by manipulating the UI state to bypass permission checks. The CVSS vector AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N indicates network-accessible attack surface with low complexity, though the description context suggests the actual attack requires a malicious app already installed on the device, creating tension between the CVSS vector and the described attack scenario.
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Severity by source
AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
Primary rating from Vendor (apple) · only source for this CVE.
CVSS VectorVendor: apple
Lifecycle Timeline
4DescriptionCVE.org
An inconsistent user interface issue was addressed with improved state management. This issue is fixed in iOS 26.5 and iPadOS 26.5, visionOS 26.5. An app may be able to access sensitive user data.
Executive ViewAI
CVE-2026-28964 affects iOS, iPadOS, and visionOS 26.5, allowing malicious applications to bypass data access controls through UI state mishandling, potentially exposing sensitive user information across Apple's device ecosystem. While the vulnerability carries a HIGH CVSS score, the negligible exploitation probability (0.02% EPSS) and absence of public exploits suggest limited real-world risk; however, universal device exposure and data sensitivity warrant prompt patching to maintain security posture and user trust.
Apply vendor patch. If immediate patching is delayed, enforce application vetting policies (disable sideloading where possible), restrict third-party app installations to approved enterprise catalog only, and review iOS/iPadOS/visionOS app permissions for sensitive data access (Contacts, Calendar, Photos, Health) to minimize attack surface.
Threat Intelligence Overview
How this decision was reached
The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.
What every action level means
SSVC AssessmentENISA
Priority Score
Attack Technique
Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security.
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GHSA-2899-6rgx-h9c6
NVD
CVE.org
EPSS
Vulnrichment
Exploit-DB