Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain
-
AccessAccess victim network traffic
-
ExploitTrigger state management flaw via network requests
-
ExecutionCorrelate IP addresses across sessions
-
ImpactTrack user activity and location patterns
Vulnerability Assessment
| Weakness |
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A01:2025 - Broken Access Control
ASVS 5.0
V14 - Data Protection PII protection
|
| Exploitation Conditions | No special conditions - remote unauthenticated exploitation against default configurations of iOS, iPadOS, macOS, and visionOS. CVSS vector AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N confirms network-accessible attack surface with low complexity and no authentication requirements. Exploitation is limited by attacker's network visibility: requires either victim accessing attacker-controlled resources (websites, services) or attacker having network path visibility (ISP-level access, compromised network infrastructure, public Wi-Fi positioning). No user interaction required beyond normal network activity. The vulnerability affects all devices running vulnerable OS versions regardless of configuration, installed applications, or security settings. Exploitation does NOT require physical access, administrative privileges, or non-default feature enablement. |
| Impact | CVSS 7.5 (High) reflects the network attack vector with no authentication required (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N) and high confidentiality impact (C:H), though limited to information disclosure with no integrity or availability impact (I:N/A:N). However, real-world risk is substantially lower than the CVSS score suggests. EPSS probability of 0.02% at 7th percentile indicates security researchers and attackers have shown minimal interest in exploiting this class of vulnerability. No CISA KEV listing and no public exploit code identified at time of analysis. The scope is unchanged (S:U), meaning the vulnerability cannot pivot to other components. While the attack complexity is low, the practical impact is limited to privacy violation through IP correlation rather than system compromise, data theft, or service disruption. Security teams should prioritize this below remotely exploitable code execution or authentication bypass vulnerabilities, though privacy-focused organizations and regulated environments may elevate priority. The coordinated multi-platform patch release suggests Apple treated this seriously from a privacy perspective despite limited exploitation evidence. |
| Exploit ScenarioDerived | An attacker operates a malicious website or controls network infrastructure (ISP, public Wi-Fi, compromised router). When a victim using an unpatched Apple device accesses the attacker's web property or traverses monitored network segments, the improper state management causes the device to leak correlation identifiers through IP address handling. The attacker observes IP address patterns across multiple sessions or contexts that should be isolated, enabling tracking of user activity, geolocation inference, or cross-site correlation without requiring cookies or device fingerprinting. No proof-of-concept exploit code is publicly available at time of analysis. The attack requires only network connectivity to victim devices and no authentication, making it scalable for adversaries with network visibility. |
Get an e-mail when this CVE is exploited, patched or re-scored. Free account.
Alert meAnalysisAIv1 – May 12, 2026
IP address tracking across iOS, iPadOS, macOS, and visionOS allows remote attackers to correlate user activity without authentication due to improper state management (CWE-359: Exposure of Private Personal Information). The vulnerability affects default configurations across six Apple OS versions with network-accessible attack vector and low complexity. EPSS score of 0.02% (7th percentile) indicates minimal observed exploitation activity. Apple released coordinated patches across all affected platforms in March 2026 security updates.
RemediationAI
Apply Apple's March 2026 security updates immediately: upgrade iOS and iPadOS devices to version 18.7.9 or 26.5, macOS Sequoia to 15.7.7, macOS Sonoma to 14.8.7, macOS Tahoe to 26.5, and visionOS to 26.5. Updates available through Settings → General → Software Update on iOS/iPadOS/visionOS, and System Settings → General → Software Update on macOS. Vendor advisories with detailed update instructions at https://support.apple.com/en-us/127110 through 127120. Organizations using mobile device management (MDM) should deploy patches via centralized update policies. No workarounds are documented for this vulnerability; compensating controls would require network-level IP address randomization through VPN or Tor, which introduces performance overhead and application compatibility issues. For devices that cannot be immediately patched, consider network segmentation to limit exposure of user activity patterns, though this does not eliminate the underlying tracking vector. Apple's patch resolves the root cause through improved state management without known side effects or compatibility impacts.
Affected VersionsENISA
Affected Packages
Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)
Affects your stack
Affects 3 packages in euvd
Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.
Technical ContextAI · show details
The vulnerability stems from CWE-359 (Exposure of Private Personal Information to an Unauthorized Actor), specifically through inadequate state management in network stack or application layer components shared across Apple's operating system ecosystem. The flaw enables IP address-based user tracking, suggesting persistent identifiers or state information leak across sessions or contexts where isolation should exist. This could involve WebKit rendering engine, network proxy handling, DNS resolution, or system-level networking APIs that fail to properly isolate connection state. The cross-platform nature (iOS, iPadOS, macOS Sequoia/Sonoma/Tahoe, visionOS) indicates the affected code exists in a shared framework like Network.framework or lower-level networking primitives in the XNU kernel. Apple's fix description 'improved state management' suggests the remediation involved proper session isolation, connection state cleanup, or prevention of identifier correlation across network requests.
Know when Visionos gets its next vulnerability
- Watch products and get an email when something new is published
- Check this CVE against your own stack and servers
- Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources
No credit card · 7-day full trial
Severity by source
AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
Primary rating from Vendor (apple) · only source for this CVE.
CVSS VectorVendor: apple
Lifecycle Timeline
4DescriptionCVE.org
This issue was addressed through improved state management. This issue is fixed in iOS 18.7.9 and iPadOS 18.7.9, iOS 26.5 and iPadOS 26.5, macOS Sequoia 15.7.7, macOS Sonoma 14.8.7, macOS Tahoe 26.5, visionOS 26.5. An attacker may be able to track users through their IP address.
Executive ViewAI
CVE-2026-28906 enables remote attackers to track user IP addresses and correlate activity across Apple devices (iOS, iPadOS, macOS, visionOS) without requiring authentication, exposing user behavior patterns and location data to unauthorized surveillance. This affects millions of Apple users in default configurations, with particular risk to organizations managing iOS/macOS fleets where user privacy and data residency compliance are material concerns.
Apply vendor patch. March 2026 Apple security updates resolve this issue across all affected OS versions.
Threat Intelligence Overview
How this decision was reached
The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.
What every action level means
SSVC AssessmentENISA
Priority Score
Attack Technique
Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security.
WebKit memory corruption in Safari 18.6 and multiple Apple platforms allows remote code execution when processing malici
Apple kernel lock state checking flaw allows a malicious application to cause unexpected changes in memory shared betwee
A critical out-of-bounds write in WebKit's rendering engine allows maliciously crafted web content to escape the Web Con
Apple kernel memory corruption in multiple operating systems allows a malicious application to cause unexpected system t
Arbitrary code execution in Apple Safari, iOS/iPadOS, macOS Sequoia, and visionOS occurs when processing maliciously cra
Out-of-bounds write (CWE-787) in QtWebEngine before 6.10.1-r2 on Alpine Linux, and in other Chromium-based engines such
Remote code execution in Google Chrome's ANGLE graphics layer allows attackers to compromise systems via crafted HTML pa
WebKit arbitrary code execution via use-after-free memory corruption affects Safari 26.2, iOS/iPadOS 18.7.3 through 26.2
A cookie management issue was addressed with improved state management. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.3), this vulnerabi
A denial of service vulnerability in This (CVSS 4.2). Risk factors: actively exploited (KEV-listed).
A logic issue was addressed with improved state management. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is re
An out-of-bounds write issue was addressed with improved input validation. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerab
EUVD-2026-29231
GHSA-ggc3-fqp9-32jv
NVD
CVE.org
EPSS
Vulnrichment
Exploit-DB