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OpenClaw EUVDEUVD-2026-26097

| CVE-2026-41388 MEDIUM
Incomplete Internal State Distinction (CWE-372)
2026-04-28 VulnCheck
6.3
CVSS 4.0 · NVD
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Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

  1. Access
    Identify revoked Tlon config
  2. Delivery
    Trigger application restart
  3. Exploit
    Startup migration reads file state
  4. Execution
    Parser misinterprets empty-array as missing
  5. Persist
    Configuration rehydrated from disk
  6. Impact
    Attacker re-authenticates with restored credential

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
Exploitation Conditions

Exploitation requires two specific conditions: (1) the application must be restarted, which the attacker either triggers directly (if they have infrastructure access) or exploits through induced failure (denial-of-service, resource exhaustion); and (2) a Tlon configuration entry must have been previously set to an empty-array value during normal operation (the deliberate revocation action). The vulnerability does NOT require unauthenticated network access to the configuration file directly - only the ability to cause an application restart. Default OpenClaw deployments are vulnerable if they use Tlon configuration and restart frequently (e.g., containerized deployments with rolling updates or cloud-native autoscaling). Deployments that rarely restart or that do not rely on Tlon configuration have lower practical risk despite the same code flaw.

Impact

The CVSS score of 6.3 with attack vector network and low complexity indicates moderate risk, but the attack requires a persistence trigger (AT:P - attacker-triggered event) and impacts only confidentiality and integrity at low scope (confined to the affected resource). The KEV status is unknown; no EPSS score is provided. The real-world risk is nuanced: this is not an unauthenticated remote code execution, but rather a configuration persistence attack that requires (1) the ability to cause an application restart (either legitimate maintenance window or denial-of-service leading to restart) and (2) prior knowledge that specific Tlon configuration was revoked. The attack is automatable (no user interaction required once restart occurs), making it a concern for environments where application restarts are frequent or adversary-controllable. However, the limited scope (low impact to C/I, no A impact) and requirement for application restart constrain real-world exploitability compared to the CVSS base score suggests. This is a privilege-abuse or configuration-tampering risk rather than a critical remote takeover vector; prioritize based on your organization's restart frequency and whether Tlon configuration revocation is part of active security incident response.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

An administrator revokes a sensitive Tlon configuration entry (such as an OAuth token or service account credential) in response to a suspected compromise, intending to immediately block that authentication path. An attacker with the ability to trigger an application restart (via induced denial-of-service, maintenance window exploitation, or cloud orchestration access) causes OpenClaw to restart. On startup, the migration logic reads the empty-array value from memory and incorrectly interprets it as a missing entry, then rehydrates the revoked configuration from the persisted file state. The attacker can now re-authenticate using the 'revoked' credential, bypassing the intended revocation control.

This Month Plan within 30 days. Why: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9).
Patch available 0.0% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Apr 28, 2026

OpenClaw before version 2026.3.31 allows remote attackers to bypass configuration revocation controls by restarting the application, which rehydrates revoked Tlon configuration settings from disk state due to improper handling of empty-array settings during startup migration. An attacker with network access and the ability to trigger application restarts can restore previously revoked authentication or authorization configurations without explicit re-enablement, potentially compromising intended security controls.

RemediationAI

Upgrade OpenClaw to version 2026.3.31 or later. The upstream fix is available via commit a4d72a83f01fedd35964c352e3473c7712a3511b (https://github.com/openclaw/openclaw/commit/a4d72a83f01fedd35964c352e3473c7712a3511b), which corrects the configuration parser to treat empty-array values as explicit revocation rather than missing state. If immediate upgrade is not feasible, implement application-level mitigations: (1) restrict the ability to restart OpenClaw to authorized administrators only, using OS-level access controls or orchestration platform policies - this limits the attack trigger to intentional administrator action; (2) audit Tlon configuration changes and maintain a separate audit log of revocations, independent of the application's in-memory state, so that any rehydration can be detected post-restart; (3) consider disabling automatic startup migration for Tlon settings if your deployment allows manual configuration initialization. Note that these workarounds do not eliminate the underlying vulnerability and are not substitutes for patching.

Affected VersionsENISA

OpenClaw 0 <2026.3.31

Affected Packages

npm openclaw fix: 2026.3.31

Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)

Affects your stack

Affects 1 package in npm

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

OpenClaw's startup migration logic treats empty-array configuration values as missing rather than explicitly revoked, violating the principle of secure defaults in configuration management. When the application initializes, it compares in-memory settings against persisted file state; arrays set to empty during normal operation (indicating deliberate revocation of a Tlon configuration entry) are incorrectly interpreted as absent values and rehydrated from the last known file state. This occurs in the configuration management subsystem that handles Tlon configuration, a protocol or format used for authentication or authorization settings. The underlying issue (CWE-372: Incorrect Parsing of Numbers with Leading Zeros in File Formats) indicates that the application's configuration parser does not correctly distinguish between explicitly nullified state and default/missing state, likely due to inadequate serialization of null or empty sentinel values.

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Severity by source

NVD PRIMARY 6.3 MEDIUM
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Primary rating from NVD · only source for this CVE.

CVSS VectorNVD

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Attack Requirements
Present
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
None
Vulnerable system: Confidentiality
Low
Vulnerable system: Integrity
Low
Vulnerable system: Availability
None
Subsequent system: Confidentiality
None
Subsequent system: Integrity
None
Subsequent system: Availability
None

Lifecycle Timeline

3
CVSS changed
Apr 28, 2026 - 19:52 NVD
6.5 (MEDIUM) 6.3 (MEDIUM)
Patch released
Apr 28, 2026 - 19:30 nvd
Patch available
CVE Published
Apr 28, 2026 - 18:09 nvd
MEDIUM 6.3

DescriptionCVE.org

OpenClaw before 2026.3.31 contains a configuration management vulnerability where startup migration treats empty-array settings as missing values. Attackers can restart the application to rehydrate revoked Tlon configuration from file state, bypassing intended revocation controls.

Blast Radius

ecosystem impact
† from your stack dependencies † transitive graph · vuln.today resolves 4-path depth
  • 1 npm packages depend on openclaw (1 direct, 0 indirect)

Ecosystem-wide dependent count for version 2026.3.31.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.0%
Top 92% exploitable
Data Quality
7 sources
Confidence: High

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity MEDIUM
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.0%
Patch available Yes
Active threat No
Deciding rule
MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Scheduled
Exploitation
None
System Exposure· derived
Open
Automatable
Yes
Human Impact· derived
Medium
Technical Impact
Partial

Priority Score

32
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +32
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Authentication bypass attacks exploit flaws in the verification mechanisms that control access to systems and applications.

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9.4 Mar 05

Auth bypass in OpenClaw voice-call extension before 2026.2.1. EPSS 0.68%. PoC and patch available.

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Privilege escalation in OpenClaw (pre-2026.3.28) allows unauthenticated remote attackers to gain administrative access b

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OpenClaw versions 2026.2.22 through 2026.2.24 contain a privilege escalation vulnerability that allows authenticated att

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An authorization mismatch vulnerability in OpenClaw versions prior to 2026.3.1 allows authenticated users with operator.

CVE-2026-25253 HIGH POC
8.8 Feb 01

OpenClaw versions prior to 2026.1.29 automatically establish WebSocket connections to attacker-controlled gateway URLs e

CVE-2026-32846 HIGH POC
8.7 Mar 26

Path traversal in OpenClaw through version 2026.3.23 enables unauthenticated remote attackers to read arbitrary files in

CVE-2026-53857 HIGH POC
8.6 Jun 16

Authentication bypass in OpenClaw before 2026.5.3 allows remote attackers with low privileges to receive agent responses

CVE-2026-100530 HIGH POC
8.5 Sep 26

Directory-context bypass in OpenClaw before 2026.8.1 allows authenticated attackers with user interaction to reuse an 'a

CVE-2026-32064 HIGH POC
8.5 Mar 21

Unauthenticated access to the noVNC observer interface in OpenClaw's Docker sandbox browser allows anyone who can reach

CVE-2026-32055 HIGH POC
7.6 Mar 21

OpenClaw versions before 2026.2.26 allow authenticated attackers to write arbitrary files outside the workspace director

CVE-2026-32056 HIGH POC
7.5 Mar 21

OpenClaw versions prior to 2026.2.22 contain a shell environment variable injection vulnerability in the system.run func

CVE-2026-32049 HIGH POC
7.5 Mar 21

OpenClaw versions prior to 2026.2.22 contain a resource exhaustion vulnerability where the application fails to consiste

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