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Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

  1. Access
    Reach Undertow HTTP/1.1 listener
  2. Delivery
    Send chunked request with crafted 15-digit chunk size
  3. Exploit
    Overflow bypasses chunk-size check into state flags
  4. Execution
    Body terminated early, trailing bytes parsed as new request
  5. Impact
    Smuggled request desyncs connection/proxy pipeline

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A06:2025 - Insecure Design
ASVS 5.0
V4 - API and Web Service HTTP request consistency
Exploitation Conditions

Exploitation requires the Undertow listener to process HTTP/1.1 chunked transfer-encoding request bodies (standard behavior) and an attacker-supplied request carrying a crafted 15-digit chunk size that passes the size check before it is shifted. Per CVSS AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N, no authentication or user interaction is needed and it is remotely reachable against default chunked handling. The key limiting factor is deployment topology: request smuggling produces meaningful impact only where Undertow shares connections with, or sits behind, a front-end proxy/load balancer whose parser disagrees - in a standalone deployment with no connection reuse the effect is largely limited to premature termination of the attacker's own request. The specific downstream impact (auth bypass, routing abuse, cache poisoning) is not described in the available sources.

Impact

Signals are moderate and internally consistent rather than alarming. The CVSS 3.1 vector (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N) describes a remotely reachable, low-complexity, unauthenticated flaw, but impact is capped at C:N/I:L/A:L - no confidentiality loss, limited integrity (request desync) and limited availability (premature request termination) - yielding 6.5 Medium. This is a classic HTTP request smuggling issue (CWE-444) where a chunk-size bound is checked before a shift, so a crafted 15-digit value overflows into internal state flags. The vuln.today Decision label is 'this_month' (a scheduled-remediation priority, not act_now/emergency), and the CVE is not in CISA KEV. No EPSS score was supplied in the input, and no POC or exploit reference is present, so there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis. The practical risk driver is not raw severity but blast radius: smuggling is only impactful where Undertow sits in a proxy/front-end chain or reuses connections, and its real effect (auth bypass, cache poisoning, request routing abuse) depends on the surrounding architecture, which this data does not describe. Net assessment: a legitimate Medium to prioritize within normal patch cycles, consistent with the 'this_month' label, not a drop-everything emergency. Missing EPSS and the absence of any exploitation evidence are the main data gaps.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

An unauthenticated attacker sends a single HTTP/1.1 request to an Undertow endpoint using chunked transfer encoding with a specially crafted 15-digit chunk size that passes the size check before the shift, overflowing into internal state flags so Undertow ends the body early and treats trailing bytes as a second request. Where Undertow shares a connection with or sits behind a front-end proxy, this smuggled request can be routed as another user's traffic, enabling request desynchronization. No public exploit is identified in the provided data, and exploitation requires a parser-disagreement deployment to produce meaningful impact.

This Month Plan within 30 days. Why: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9).
No patch listed yet 0.2% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Oct 30, 2026

Request smuggling in Undertow's ChunkReader lets a remote attacker bypass the chunk-size limit using a crafted 15-digit chunk length, overflow internal state flags, and force the server to end a request body early so the trailing bytes are reinterpreted as a second, smuggled request. Red Hat ships the affected Undertow code in JBoss Enterprise Application Platform 7 and 8, Fuse 7, Red Hat Single Sign-On 7, the Red Hat build of Apache Camel for Spring Boot 4, and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 and 9, scored CVSS 3.1 6.5 with low integrity and availability impact and no confidentiality impact. No public exploit code was identified at time of analysis and the flaw is not in CISA KEV; real-world consequence is concentrated in deployments where Undertow shares connections with, or sits behind, a front-end proxy or load balancer whose parser disagrees on message boundaries, while standalone deployments without connection reuse are largely limited to premature termination of the attacker's own request.

RemediationAI

No vendor-released patch version is identified in the available data, so the actionable step is to track the Red Hat CVE record at https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-91920 and Bugzilla 2528758 for corrected Undertow builds per product (JBoss EAP 7 and 8, Fuse 7, Red Hat Single Sign-On 7, Camel for Spring Boot 4, RHEL 8 and 9) and install them as they are published; the sources do not document an exact fix version, and updating is the only complete fix referenced. The available data does not describe a vendor-supplied workaround for the ChunkReader parsing defect, so no configuration toggle or feature disable can be recommended from this evidence alone. Because our assessment locates the real impact in deployments where Undertow shares connections with, or sits behind, a front-end proxy or load balancer whose parser disagrees about message boundaries, the interim exposure reduction is topological: front Undertow instances with proxies that normalise and reject ambiguous chunked framing, or avoid connection reuse between the front end and Undertow, at the cost of added proxy configuration and reduced connection-pooling efficiency. Standalone deployments without connection reuse see largely premature termination of the attacker's own request rather than cross-user smuggling.

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Technical ContextAI · show details

Undertow is the Java-based web server and servlet container embedded in Red Hat JBoss Enterprise Application Platform (7 and 8), Red Hat Fuse 7, Red Hat Single Sign-On 7, the Red Hat build of Apache Camel for Spring Boot 4, and shipped within Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 and 9. The ChunkReader component parses HTTP/1.1 chunked transfer-encoding bodies, reading the hexadecimal chunk-size line, applying a size limit, and shifting the parsed value into position. In this flaw the size validation runs before the value is shifted, so a specifically crafted 15-digit chunk size passes the check, then overflows into internal state flags when shifted. That desynchronises the parser from the actual message framing: the server terminates the request body prematurely and treats the remaining bytes as the start of another request. The weakness is CWE-444 (Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests, i.e. request smuggling), whose impact depends on a second HTTP parser disagreeing about where the message ends. All supplied CPE entries carry wildcard version fields, so the exact affected builds and the precise fixed ranges are not enumerated in the available data and must be confirmed per product through the Red Hat CVE record.

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  • Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources

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Severity by source

Vendor (redhat) PRIMARY MEDIUM
NVD 6.5 MEDIUM
AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L
vuln.today AI 6.5 MEDIUM

Remote unauthenticated low-complexity request over standard chunked encoding (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N); desync gives limited integrity and premature-termination availability impact, no confidentiality, scope unchanged.

3.1 AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:L
4.0 AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Primary rating from Vendor (redhat).

CVSS VectorNVD

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
None
Integrity
Low
Availability
Low

DescriptionNVD

A flaw was found in the ChunkReader component of the Undertow web server, which is used to handle chunked transfer encoding in HTTP requests. The issue occurs because a security check for the chunk size is performed before the value is shifted, allowing a specifically crafted 15-digit chunk size to bypass the limit and overflow into internal state flags. This can cause the server to terminate a request body prematurely and interpret the remaining data as a separate, smuggled request.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.2%
Top 85% exploitable
Prevalence
High
Undertow is the embedded HTTP server in JBoss EAP, RH-SSO/Keycloak and Fuse
Social Media
1
Sightings
Data Quality
3 sources
Confidence: Low

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity MEDIUM
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.2%
Patch available No
Active threat No
Deciding rule
MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Scheduled
Exploitation· derived
None
System Exposure· derived
Open
Automatable· derived
Yes
Human Impact· derived
Medium

Priority Score

32
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +32
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

A buffer overflow occurs when a program writes more data to a memory buffer than it was allocated to hold, causing the excess data to spill into adjacent memory regions.

HTTP request smuggling exploits inconsistencies in how front-end and back-end servers parse HTTP message boundaries.

Affected Products (CPE)NVD

cpe:2.3:a:red_hat:red_hat_build_of_apache_camel_for_spring_boot_4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:red_hat:red_hat_enterprise_linux_8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:red_hat:red_hat_enterprise_linux_8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:red_hat:red_hat_enterprise_linux_9:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:red_hat:red_hat_fuse_7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:red_hat:red_hat_jboss_enterprise_application_platform_7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:red_hat:red_hat_jboss_enterprise_application_platform_7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:red_hat:red_hat_jboss_enterprise_application_platform_7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:red_hat:red_hat_jboss_enterprise_application_platform_7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:red_hat:red_hat_jboss_enterprise_application_platform_8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:red_hat:red_hat_jboss_enterprise_application_platform_expansion_pack:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:red_hat:red_hat_single_sign-on_7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
CVE-2014-7816 MEDIUM POC
5.0 Dec 01

Directory traversal vulnerability in JBoss Undertow 1.0.x before 1.0.17, 1.1.x before 1.1.0.CR5, and 1.2.x before 1.2.0.

CVE-2020-1745 CRITICAL
9.8 Apr 28

A file inclusion vulnerability was found in the AJP connector enabled with a default AJP configuration port of 8009 in U

CVE-2019-10212 CRITICAL
9.8 Oct 02

A flaw was found in, all under 2.0.20, in the Undertow DEBUG log for io.undertow.request.security. Rated critical severi

CVE-2019-3888 CRITICAL
9.8 Jun 12

A vulnerability was found in Undertow web server before 2.0.21. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability i

CVE-2025-12543 CRITICAL
9.6 Jan 07

Undertow HTTP server (used in WildFly, JBoss EAP) fails to validate Host headers, enabling cache poisoning, internal net

CVE-2020-1757 HIGH
8.1 Apr 21

A flaw was found in all undertow-2.x.x SP1 versions prior to undertow-2.0.30.SP1, all undertow-1.x.x and undertow-2.x.x

CVE-2025-9784 HIGH
7.5 Sep 02

Undertow, a Java web server used across Red Hat's JBoss Enterprise Application Platform, Fuse, and other middleware prod

CVE-2023-5379 HIGH
7.5 Dec 12

A flaw was found in Undertow. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authenticat

CVE-2023-3223 HIGH
7.5 Sep 27

A flaw was found in undertow. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authenticat

CVE-2023-1108 HIGH
7.5 Sep 14

A flaw was found in undertow. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authenticat

CVE-2022-1319 HIGH
7.5 Aug 31

A flaw was found in Undertow. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authenticat

CVE-2022-1259 HIGH
7.5 Aug 31

A flaw was found in Undertow. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authenticat

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