Skip to main content
View

Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

  1. Access
    Reach H1→H2 translating proxy
  2. Delivery
    Send authority-form CONNECT with crafted Host
  3. Exploit
    Host copied into HTTP/2 :authority
  4. Execution
    Malformed HTTP/2 CONNECT emitted
  5. Impact
    Tunnel misrouted / request smuggled to attacker authority

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A05:2025 - Injection
ASVS 5.0
V2 - Validation and Business Logic Input validation, allowlisting
Exploitation Conditions

Requires the target to operate as an HTTP/1-to-HTTP/2 translating proxy/gateway that accepts authority-form CONNECT requests and forwards them onto an HTTP/2 upstream - that translation path is the exact trigger, since the flaw is the client Host being copied verbatim into the HTTP/2 :authority pseudo-header. No authentication or user interaction is needed (PR:N/UI:N) and it is remotely reachable (AV:N), but deployments that do not perform H1→H2 CONNECT proxying, or that terminate CONNECT without re-emitting HTTP/2, are not exposed. Real-world impact is a routing/smuggling desync against a backend, so a fronting proxy topology is the key limiting precondition.

Impact

Vendor scores this CVSS 3.1 7.5 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N) - a pure-integrity flaw with network vector and no privileges. The description places it in the same Netty HTTP codec family as its siblings (Red Hat Bugzilla 2536955 sits immediately adjacent to the STOMP/MQTT/RTSP/HTTP smuggling CVEs 2536952-2536954): when an HTTP/1 authority-form CONNECT is translated to HTTP/2, the :authority pseudo-header is populated from the client-controlled Host, producing a malformed/attacker-influenced HTTP/2 CONNECT - an authority/routing-confusion (request-smuggling-class) weakness, not information disclosure. Exploitation status: no public exploit identified at time of analysis - there is no EPSS score, no CISA KEV listing, and no POC in the provided references (only access.redhat.com and the Red Hat Bugzilla tracker). No SSVC data is supplied. The AC:L/PR:N vector suggests easy remote reach, but realistic impact depends on a specific deployment: an HTTP/1-to-HTTP/2 translating proxy/gateway sitting in front of an HTTP/2 backend, so the practical attack surface is narrower than the raw 7.5 implies. This is a real integrity issue worth patching for anyone running Netty as an H1→H2 CONNECT proxy, but the absence of EPSS/KEV/POC and the configuration dependency place it below the priority of an actively-exploited flaw. Note the 'Information Disclosure' tag conflicts with the vendor vector (C:N/I:H), so it is mislabeled.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

An attacker sends an HTTP/1 authority-form CONNECT request through a Netty-based proxy that downgrades/upgrades to HTTP/2, setting a crafted Host value; the proxy copies it into the HTTP/2 :authority, emitting a malformed CONNECT that can misroute or smuggle the tunnel to an attacker-chosen authority. No authentication is required (PR:N) and complexity is low at the network edge, though a genuine impact requires the target to actually perform H1→H2 CONNECT translation. No public exploit code is identified at time of analysis.

This Week Schedule remediation this week. Why: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9).
Patch available 0.4% exploitation probability (EPSS)

Get an e-mail when this CVE is exploited, patched or re-scored. Free account.

Alert me

AnalysisAIv1 – Sep 18, 2026

Malformed HTTP/2 CONNECT stream injection in Red Hat JBoss EAP and the wider Red Hat middleware stack (Quarkus, Keycloak, Camel for Spring Boot 4 and Quarkus 3, Data Grid 8, AMQ Broker 7, Fuse 7, Apicurio Registry 3, Debezium 3) lets unauthenticated remote attackers control the :authority of an upstream HTTP/2 CONNECT when the product is deployed as an HTTP/1-to-HTTP/2 translating proxy or gateway. The client-supplied Host header from an HTTP/1 authority-form CONNECT is copied verbatim into the HTTP/2 :authority pseudo-header, so the fronting component and the HTTP/2 backend can disagree about the routing target, yielding an integrity impact (vendor CVSS 3.1 7.5 AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N; our assessment raises the attack complexity to High and the scope to Changed because a H1→H2 CONNECT translation path and a fronting-proxy topology are required). No public exploit identified at time of analysis, and no EPSS or CISA KEV data was provided.

RemediationAI

No vendor-released patch version is identified in the supplied data, so treat this as unpatched at time of analysis and monitor the Red Hat advisory at https://access.redhat.com/security/cve/CVE-2026-93567 plus Bugzilla 2536955 (https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=2536955) for the fixed RPM/container image versions and apply them as soon as they are published - Red Hat typically ships these as errata for each affected stream (JBoss EAP 7/8, Data Grid 8, AMQ Broker 7, Fuse 7, Keycloak, Quarkus, Camel, Apicurio Registry, Debezium). Until then, the most effective compensating control is to stop exercising the vulnerable translation path: on any fronting proxy or gateway, disable or tightly restrict authority-form CONNECT (allow CONNECT only to an explicit allowlist of legitimate tunnel endpoints), or configure the proxy to terminate CONNECT locally and open a fresh, independently validated upstream connection instead of re-emitting the client's authority. Where CONNECT tunnelling cannot be removed, sanitize at the edge by rejecting requests whose Host header does not exactly match the CONNECT request target, by stripping and re-deriving Host/authority rather than forwarding it, and by enforcing strict RFC 9113 :authority validation (single value, no control characters, no port/host mismatch) on every HTTP/2 hop - the trade-off being that strict matching can break legitimate multi-host virtual hosting and NAT'd deployments until hostname configuration is corrected. Removing the HTTP/1-to-HTTP/2 upgrade entirely for CONNECT traffic, or forcing end-to-end HTTP/2 so no translation occurs, also closes the gap at the cost of losing h2c upgrade compatibility with older clients. As a containment measure, segment the HTTP/2 backends so they accept traffic only from the translating proxy and validate the :authority themselves, and enable upstream request-target auditing to detect mismatched authorities - noting that this detects rather than prevents exploitation. Finally, since the impact is scope-changed routing desynchronization, review proxy-to-backend trust boundaries and ensure the backend does not treat proxy-supplied authority as an authorization decision; disabling CONNECT on internet-facing listeners is the lowest-risk immediate option if inbound tunnelling is not a business requirement.

Affects your stack

Find out whether the stacks and servers you run are on an affected version.

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

The flaw is rooted in CWE-20 improper input validation inside an HTTP protocol-version translation layer. RFC 7231 defines the HTTP/1.1 authority-form request target used exclusively by CONNECT ("CONNECT host:port HTTP/1.1"), in which the target authority - and the closely related Host header - names the tunnel endpoint. HTTP/2 (RFC 9113) represents the same semantics with the :method CONNECT pseudo-header plus a mandatory :authority pseudo-header, and forbids connection-specific headers and malformed or mismatched authority values. When a proxy accepts an HTTP/1 authority-form CONNECT and re-emits it upstream as HTTP/2, the implementation takes the client-controlled Host value and writes it directly into :authority without validating it against the request target, normalizing it, or rejecting malformed/duplicate authority material. The result is a syntactically invalid HTTP/2 CONNECT frame on the wire. Because HTTP/2 intermediaries and backends may parse or match the malformed :authority differently than the fronting proxy did (or may fall back to a different routing decision), the translation gap produces a routing/desynchronization condition that affects upstream components rather than the translating process itself - which is why our assessment uses S:C while the vendor keeps S:U. The affected CPE set (red_hat:red_hat_jboss_enterprise_application_platform_7, red_hat_amq_broker_7, red_hat_build_of_apache_camel_4_for_quarkus_3, red_hat_build_of_apache_camel_for_spring_boot_4, red_hat_build_of_apicurio_registry_3, red_hat_build_of_debezium_3, red_hat_build_of_keycloak, red_hat_build_of_quarkus, red_hat_data_grid_8, red_hat_fuse_7) shows this is a shared HTTP engine issue propagating across Red Hat products that embed the same Java HTTP/2 stack, plus the Red Hat Single Sign-On 7 and JBoss EAP 8 families referenced in the tags. Exposure is limited to deployments that actually proxy CONNECT requests and translate them to HTTP/2 upstream; components that terminate CONNECT locally, speak only HTTP/1.1, or do not accept authority-form CONNECT are not on the trigger path.

Know when Red Hat Build Of Keycloak gets its next vulnerability

  • Watch products and get an email when something new is published
  • Check this CVE against your own stack and servers
  • Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources

No credit card · 7-day full trial

Severity by source

Vendor (redhat) PRIMARY 7.5 HIGH
AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
vuln.today AI 6.8 MEDIUM

Smuggling/authority-confusion needs a specific H1→H2 translation topology and downstream desync (AC:H) and affects a separate backend system (S:C); pure integrity impact, so C:N/A:N.

3.1 AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:N
4.0 AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:L/SA:N
SUSE HIGH
Red Hat 7.5 HIGH

Primary rating from Vendor (redhat).

CVSS VectorVendor: redhat

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
None
Integrity
High
Availability
None

DescriptionCVE.org

HTTP/1 authority-form CONNECT is translated to malformed HTTP/2 CONNECT with Host-controlled :authority

Executive ViewAI

Why It Matters

Red Hat JBoss EAP and related middleware such as Quarkus, Keycloak, and others contain a high-severity vulnerability (CVE-2026-93567) that allows unauthenticated attackers to manipulate request routing when these products are deployed as HTTP/1-to-HTTP/2 translating proxies or gateways, potentially causing integrity breaches. No vendor-released patch identified at time of analysis, and no public exploit identified at time of analysis, but the broad enterprise use of these products means leadership should prioritize mitigation to prevent misrouting of sensitive traffic.

Business Impact: High
Compensating Controls

No vendor-released patch identified at time of analysis. Interim mitigations include restricting network access to affected proxy/gateway components, disabling HTTP/2 CONNECT where not required, and implementing strict Host header validation.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.4%
Top 66% exploitable
Prevalence
Medium
Netty is ubiquitous in Java stacks, but H1→H2 CONNECT proxy translation is a niche path
Data Quality
7 sources
Confidence: High
EUVD NVD CVE.org EPSS Vulnrichment Vendor VulDB

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity HIGH
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.4%
Patch available Yes
Active threat No
Deciding rule
HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision
Scheduled
Exploitation
None
System Exposure· derived
Open
Automatable
Yes
Human Impact
High
Technical Impact
Partial

Priority Score

38
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +38
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Affected Products (CPE)CVE.org

cpe:2.3:a:red_hat:red_hat_amq_broker_7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:red_hat:red_hat_build_of_apache_camel_4_for_quarkus_3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:red_hat:red_hat_build_of_apache_camel_for_spring_boot_4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:red_hat:red_hat_build_of_apicurio_registry_3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:red_hat:red_hat_build_of_debezium_3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:red_hat:red_hat_build_of_keycloak:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:red_hat:red_hat_build_of_quarkus:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:red_hat:red_hat_data_grid_8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:red_hat:red_hat_fuse_7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:red_hat:red_hat_jboss_enterprise_application_platform_7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:red_hat:red_hat_jboss_enterprise_application_platform_8:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:red_hat:red_hat_single_sign-on_7:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
CVE-2026-18963 CRITICAL POC
9.1 Aug 18

Account takeover in Red Hat Build of Keycloak allows an unauthenticated attacker to abuse the reset-credentials flow in

CVE-2026-16442 CRITICAL
9.8 Aug 05

Account takeover in Keycloak (Red Hat build of Keycloak, Red Hat Single Sign-On 7) arises because the IdP-initiated SAML

CVE-2026-16443 CRITICAL
9.1 Aug 05

Authentication bypass in Red Hat Build of Keycloak (and Red Hat Single Sign-On 7) lets an unauthenticated attacker forge

CVE-2026-15572 HIGH
8.8 Aug 05

Privilege escalation in Red Hat Build of Keycloak's Dynamic Client Registration (DCR) grants an attacker with low-privil

CVE-2026-93569 HIGH
8.2 Sep 18

Mismatched handling of the HTTP/1 absolute-form request authority in Red Hat build of Quarkus and other affected Red Hat

CVE-2026-9800 HIGH
8.1 Jun 25

Authorization bypass in the Keycloak Policy Enforcer allows any authenticated user to circumvent all enforced access con

CVE-2026-15573 HIGH
8.1 Aug 05

URI normalization bypass in Keycloak's Authorization Services PathMatcher allows authenticated low-privilege users to re

CVE-2026-16102 HIGH
8.1 Aug 05

Privilege escalation in Keycloak's Dynamic Client Registration (DCR) component allows attackers with standard user accou

CVE-2026-18214 HIGH
8.1 Jul 31

Token exchange in Keycloak bypasses Google Workspace domain allowlist restrictions, enabling any valid Google account ho

CVE-2026-11800 HIGH
8.1 Jun 25

Signature-verification bypass in Keycloak (and Red Hat's Keycloak-based products such as Red Hat Single Sign-On 7 and Re

CVE-2026-18215 HIGH
8.1 Jul 31

Tenant-restriction bypass in Keycloak's Microsoft identity provider integration allows attackers holding any valid Micro

CVE-2026-18967 HIGH
8.1 Aug 06

Session hijacking via SAML assertion replay in Keycloak's SAML broker component allows adjacent-network attackers to aut

Vendor StatusVendor

SUSE

Severity: Important
Product Status
SUSE Linux Enterprise Desktop 15 SP7 SUSE Linux Enterprise Module for Development Tools 15 SP7 SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP7 SUSE Linux Enterprise Server for SAP Applications 15 SP7 Fixed
SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP4-ESPOS Fixed
SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP4-LTSS Fixed
SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP5-ESPOS Fixed
SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP5-LTSS Fixed

This site uses cookies essential for authentication and security. No tracking or analytics cookies are used. Privacy Policy