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Oracle Java SE CVE-2026-91379

| EUVDEUVD-2026-106633 MEDIUM
Use After Free (CWE-416)
2026-10-20 secalert_us@oracle.com GHSA-53gh-9p66-w4f4
4.7
CVSS 3.1 · Vendor: oracle
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Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

  1. Access
    Deliver malicious applet/Web Start to victim
  2. Exploit
    Victim loads and runs untrusted code
  3. Execution
    Bypass Java sandbox integrity control
  4. Impact
    Modify or delete accessible data

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
ASVS 5.0
V15 - Secure Coding and Architecture Memory lifecycle management
MITRE ATT&CK

2 techniques across 2 tactics: Execution, Privilege Escalation

The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up.

Exploitation Conditions

Exploitation is confined to Java deployments that load and run untrusted code and rely on the Java sandbox - specifically sandboxed Java Web Start applications or sandboxed Java applets (e.g., code delivered from the internet). It does NOT apply to typical server deployments that run only trusted, administrator-installed code. Limiting factors are significant: the attacker needs local logon to the infrastructure (AV:L), attack complexity is High (AC:H, meaning conditions beyond the attacker's control must be met), and successful attacks REQUIRE active human interaction from a victim other than the attacker (UI:R) to load and execute the malicious applet/Web Start content. Impact is restricted to integrity (data creation/deletion/modification); there is no confidentiality or availability impact. The deprecated status of applet/Web Start technology in modern JREs further narrows real-world exposure.

Impact

Signals are consistent and point to a genuinely LOW-priority issue despite the product's ubiquity. The Oracle-supplied CVSS 3.1 vector (AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N, base 4.7, Medium) describes a local-vector, high-complexity, integrity-only flaw requiring victim interaction, with no confidentiality or availability impact. No EPSS score, CISA KEV listing, POC, or SSVC data was provided in the input, so there is no evidence of exploitation: this is no public exploit identified at time of analysis. The AV:L with PR:N combination is characteristic of Oracle's phrasing 'unauthenticated attacker with logon to the infrastructure' plus 'human interaction from a person other than the attacker' - i.e., a client-side sandbox-escape class issue in deprecated Java Web Start/applet deployments, not a remotely reachable server flaw. The one notable conflict is the input Tag 'Authentication Bypass,' which contradicts both the description (a sandbox/integrity bypass affecting JDK tools, not authentication) and the vector (no privilege or confidentiality dimension) - treat that tag as erroneous. Net: high-footprint product, but low real-world risk because the vulnerable deployment mode is legacy and exploitation requires local delivery, user interaction, and high attack complexity.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

An attacker crafts a malicious Java Web Start application or applet containing untrusted code and lures a victim into loading and running it in a browser/JRE that still relies on the Java sandbox. Because of high attack complexity and the requirement that the victim actively run the code, successful exploitation is difficult; it yields only unauthorized modification/creation/deletion of data (integrity impact), with no confidentiality or availability loss. No public exploit code was identified in the provided intelligence.

This Month Plan within 30 days. Why: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9).
No patch listed yet 0.1% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Oct 21, 2026

Integrity-only sandbox bypass in Oracle Java SE (8u503-perf, 11.0.32.1, 17.0.20.1, 21.0.12.1, 25.0.4.1 and 27), GraalVM for JDK (17.0.20.1, 21.0.12.1) and GraalVM Enterprise Edition (21.3.19.1.1) lets an unauthenticated attacker who can log on to the host tamper with, create or delete data that the JVM can reach - but only in deployments that still load and execute untrusted sandboxed content such as Java Web Start applications or applets, and only after a victim is persuaded to launch that content. Attack complexity is High, no confidentiality or availability impact is possible, and ordinary server deployments that run only administrator-installed code are explicitly out of scope. No public exploit code identified at time of analysis, and fixes are delivered through the referenced Oracle Critical Patch Update (October 2026).

RemediationAI

Apply the October 2026 Oracle Critical Patch Update build for each affected release train - the versions above are the vulnerable builds, and the corresponding fixed builds (plus any GraalVM for JDK and GraalVM Enterprise Edition updates) are published in the advisory at https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuoct2026.html; confirm the exact fixed build number for your train from that page rather than assuming a version. Because the vulnerable path requires loading untrusted sandboxed content, the strongest compensating control is to eliminate that execution model: remove or disable the Java browser plugin and Java Web Start, block JNLP/applet loading, and use the deployment.properties exception-site list (or a hardened JRE configuration) to prevent untrusted code from running on client endpoints - the trade-off being that any remaining legacy browser-based Java business application will stop working and must be migrated or rehosted. Moving client estates to JDK 11 or later removes the Web Start/applet stacks entirely and closes this exposure class, at the cost of application redevelopment for anything still dependent on them. Finally, since the vector requires local logon to the host running the JVM (AV:L) plus a victim's interaction (UI:R), restrict interactive access to any machine that still permits applet or JNLP execution to users who genuinely need it, and treat the issue as low priority for pure server-side Java fleets that never load third-party code.

Affected VersionsENISA

Oracle Java SE 8u503-perf
Oracle Java SE 27
Oracle Java SE 17.0.20.1
Oracle GraalVM for JDK 21.0.12.1
Oracle GraalVM for JDK 17.0.20.1
Oracle Java SE 25.0.4.1
Oracle Java SE 21.0.12.1
Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition 21.3.19.1.1
Oracle Java SE 11.0.32.1

Affected Packages

euvd oracle_graalvm_enterprise_edition no fix
euvd oracle_graalvm_for_jdk no fix
euvd oracle_java_se no fix

Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)

Affects your stack

Affects 3 packages in euvd

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

The defect is in the 'JDK tools' component of Oracle's Java SE and GraalVM distributions - the tooling and runtime plumbing that underpins the Java sandbox used by applets and Java Web Start. No CWE was assigned, but this class of bug is a gap in the permission/access-control checks the sandbox relies on: untrusted code is supposed to run with a restricted permission set, and a flaw in a tool or API path lets that code reach file or data operations it should not. The CVSS vector (AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N) describes an attacker with local logon, no credentials, high attack complexity, and a mandatory human-interaction step, yielding only integrity loss. The supplied intelligence tags ('Authentication Bypass', 'Java', 'Oracle') are best read alongside that vector as a bypass of the sandbox's permission boundary rather than of network authentication, since there is no confidentiality or availability impact and no remote vector. Exposure is further narrowed because the Web Start and applet stacks were deprecated and removed from modern JDKs, so the vulnerable execution model survives mainly in legacy 8u-based client estates that consume internet-sourced code.

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Severity by source

Vendor (oracle) PRIMARY 4.7 MEDIUM
AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
vuln.today AI 4.7 MEDIUM

Local delivery of untrusted applet code (AV:L), difficult preconditions (AC:H), no auth but victim must run code (PR:N/UI:R); integrity-only sandbox bypass so C:N/I:H/A:N.

3.1 AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
4.0 AV:L/AC:H/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Primary rating from Vendor (oracle).

CVSS VectorVendor: oracle

Attack Vector
Local
Attack Complexity
High
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
Required
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
None
Integrity
High
Availability
None

DescriptionCVE.org

Vulnerability in the Oracle Java SE, Oracle GraalVM for JDK, Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition product of Oracle Java SE (component: JDK tools). Supported versions that are affected are Oracle Java SE: 8u503-perf, 11.0.32.1, 17.0.20.1, 21.0.12.1, 25.0.4.1, 27; Oracle GraalVM for JDK: 17.0.20.1 and 21.0.12.1; Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition: 21.3.19.1.1. Difficult to exploit vulnerability allows unauthenticated attacker with logon to the infrastructure where Oracle Java SE, Oracle GraalVM for JDK, Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition executes to compromise Oracle Java SE, Oracle GraalVM for JDK, Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition. Successful attacks require human interaction from a person other than the attacker. Successful attacks of this vulnerability can result in unauthorized creation, deletion or modification access to critical data or all Oracle Java SE, Oracle GraalVM for JDK, Oracle GraalVM Enterprise Edition accessible data. Note: This vulnerability applies to Java deployments, typically in clients running sandboxed Java Web Start applications or sandboxed Java applets, that load and run untrusted code (e.g., code that comes from the internet) and rely on the Java sandbox for security. This vulnerability does not apply to Java deployments, typically in servers, that load and run only trusted code (e.g., code installed by an administrator). CVSS 3.1 Base Score 4.7 (Integrity impacts). CVSS Vector: (CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N).

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.1%
Top 98% exploitable
Prevalence
High
Java SE/JDK ubiquitous, but vulnerable applet/Web Start sandbox mode largely deprecated
Data Quality
4 sources
Confidence: Medium

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity MEDIUM
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.1%
Patch available No
Active threat No
Deciding rule
MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Defer
Exploitation· derived
None
System Exposure· derived
Small
Automatable· derived
No
Human Impact· derived
Medium

Priority Score

24
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +24
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Use-after-free vulnerabilities occur when a program continues to access memory through a pointer after that memory has been deallocated.

Memory corruption occurs when a program writes data beyond the boundaries of allocated memory regions or accesses memory in unintended ways, violating the integrity of the process's address space.

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