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Erlang CVE-2026-59251

| EUVDEUVD-2026-49325 HIGH
Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling (CWE-770)
2026-07-27 6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db
Denial Of Service OpenSSL Erlang Otp Erlang Erlang Public Key
8.7
CVSS 4.0 · Vendor: 6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db
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Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
CWE-770
OWASP Top 10:2025
A06:2025 - Insecure Design
ASVS 5.0
V2 - Validation and Business Logic Resource allocation limits
MITRE ATT&CK

1 technique across 1 tactic: Impact

The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up.

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This Week Schedule remediation this week. Why: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9).
Patch available 0.3% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Jul 29, 2026

Denial of service in Erlang/OTP's TLS handshake allows remote unauthenticated attackers to crash the BEAM VM by sending a crafted X.509 certificate chain. The vulnerability affects OTP versions 26.2 through 29.0.3 and specific patch releases of 27 and 28, exploiting unbounded growth of the policy tree during path validation. No active exploitation or public exploit code is known at this time, but the attack is automatable and has a high CVSS score.

Affected VersionsENISA

otp 1.15 <*
otp 9d1dda7bad5a64b58c10a1554751689e94131a73 <*
otp 26.2 <*

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  • Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources
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Severity by source

Vendor (6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db) PRIMARY 8.7 HIGH
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:L
SUSE 8.6 HIGH
AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:H
Red Hat 7.5 HIGH

Primary rating from Vendor (6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db).

CVSS VectorVendor: 6b3ad84c-e1a6-4bf7-a703-f496b71e49db

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Attack Requirements
None
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
None
Vulnerable system: Confidentiality
None
Vulnerable system: Integrity
None
Vulnerable system: Availability
High
Subsequent system: Confidentiality
None
Subsequent system: Integrity
None
Subsequent system: Availability
Low

DescriptionCVE.org

Allocation of resources without limits in Erlang/OTP public_key certificate path validation allows a remote unauthenticated attacker to cause denial of service by sending a crafted X.509 certificate chain during the TLS handshake.

During RFC 5280 policy processing in public_key:pkix_path_validation/3, the certificate policy tree maintained by pubkey_policy_tree grows without an upper bound. When a certificate chain contains M policies per certificate and K certificates, the tree grows on the order of M^K nodes because pubkey_policy_tree:add_leaves/2 and pubkey_policy_tree:add_leaf_siblings/2 extend the tree per policy per certificate. A modest chain with many policies per certificate is enough to pin BEAM schedulers and exhaust the node's memory, taking down the entire VM. The attacker only needs to be able to present a certificate chain to the victim, which is the normal precondition for a TLS handshake, so exploitation succeeds against any incoming or outgoing TLS connection that validates the peer's chain (the default for SSL/TLS clients and mutual-TLS servers).

This is the same vulnerability class as OpenSSL's X509_verify_cert policy tree DoS.

This vulnerability is associated with program files lib/public_key/src/pubkey_policy_tree.erl and program routines pubkey_policy_tree:add_leaves/2 and pubkey_policy_tree:add_leaf_siblings/2.

This issue affects OTP from OTP 26.2 before OTP 29.0.4, OTP 28.5.0.4 and OTP 27.3.4.15, corresponding to public_key from 1.15 before 1.21.4, 1.20.3.4 and 1.17.1.5.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.3%
Top 82% exploitable
Data Quality
7 sources
Confidence: High
EUVD NVD CVE.org EPSS Vulnrichment MSRC Vendor GitHub VulDB

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity HIGH
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.3%
Patch available Yes
Active threat No
Deciding rule
HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Scheduled
Exploitation
None
System Exposure· derived
Open
Automatable
Yes
Human Impact· derived
Medium
Technical Impact
Partial

Priority Score

44
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +44
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Denial of Service MEDIUM

Denial of Service attacks render applications or systems unavailable by overwhelming resources or triggering failure conditions.

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Same weakness CWE-770 – Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling

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Same technique Denial Of Service

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CVE-2011-2462 CRITICAL POC
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CVE-2011-0611 HIGH POC
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CVE-2012-0507 CRITICAL POC
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CVE-2014-1761 HIGH POC
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CVE-2015-5122 CRITICAL POC
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CVE-2011-0609 HIGH POC
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Vendor StatusVendor

SUSE

Severity: Important
Product Status
SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP7 Not-Affected
SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP7 Affected
SUSE Linux Enterprise Module for Server Applications 15 SP7 Not-Affected
SUSE Linux Enterprise Module for Server Applications 15 SP7 Affected
SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 15 SP7 Not-Affected

References

Advisories & patches
ADVISORY https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2026:47009 ADVISORY https://ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-8827-1 ADVISORY https://vuldb.com/vuln/383484 REF https://cna.erlef.org/cves/CVE-2026-59251.html REF https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/f04c6bba38de1cf1b1836a7d9a9fbe239bd939e8 REF https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/f8580fc117098c08165f46c26fd0750c5cfb2a90 REF https://github.com/erlang/otp/security/advisories/GHSA-622p-qfh6-c352 REF https://osv.dev/vulnerability/EEF-CVE-2026-59251 REF https://www.erlang.org/doc/system/versions.html#order-of-versions

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