What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-32433?

CVE-2025-32433 has a CVSS 3.1 base score of 10.0 (Critical). CVSS vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H. EPSS exploitation probability: 50.3%.

Is there a public PoC exploit available for CVE-2025-32433?

Yes, a public proof-of-concept exploit is available for CVE-2025-32433. Prioritise patching immediately. EPSS: 50.3%.

How to fix or mitigate CVE-2025-32433?

Within 24 hours: Identify all affected systems and apply vendor patches immediately. Audit authentication configurations and rotate any potentially compromised credentials.

Erlang CVE-2025-32433

CRITICAL

Missing Authentication for Critical Function (CWE-306)

2025-04-16 security-advisories@github.com

Authentication Bypass RCE Cisco Debian Debian Linux Suse Erlang Otp Confd Basic Network Services Orchestrator Cloud Native Broadband Network Gateway Inode Manager Smart Phy Ultra Packet Core Ultra Services Platform Staros Optical Site Manager Ncs 2000 Shelf Virtualization Orchestrator Firmware Enterprise Nfv Infrastructure Software Ultra Cloud Core Rv160W Firmware Rv260 Firmware Rv160 Firmware Rv260P Firmware Rv260W Firmware Rv340 Firmware Rv340W Firmware Rv345 Firmware Rv345P Firmware Erlang

10.0

CVSS 3.1 · GitHub Advisory

View

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness	CWE CWE-306 OWASP Top 10:2025 A07:2025 - Authentication Failures ASVS 5.0 V6 - Authentication Authentication required for critical functions MITRE ATT&CK 1 technique across 1 tactic: Initial Access The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up. Sign in to read
Impact	Maximum risk (CVSS 10.0, EPSS 50.3%). Erlang/OTP is used in telecommunications infrastructure (RabbitMQ, CouchDB, ejabberd). Any application using Erlang's built-in SSH server is vulnerable. The exploit requires only network access to the SSH port.
Exploit ScenarioDerived	An attacker connects to a service using Erlang's SSH server (e.g., RabbitMQ management, ejabberd admin). Before completing authentication, they send crafted SSH protocol messages that the server processes, executing arbitrary Erlang functions that translate to OS commands.

Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Why: In CISA KEV with patch available.

Exploited in the wild (CISA KEV) Patch available 50.3% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Mar 28, 2026

Erlang/OTP SSH server allows unauthenticated remote code execution by exploiting a flaw in SSH protocol message handling, enabling unauthorized system access with CVSS 10.0.

Earlier versions of this analysis (1)

v1 Mar 28, 2026 - 18:37 CVSS 10.0

A critical vulnerability in Erlang/OTP's SSH server implementation allows unauthenticated remote code execution by exploiting SSH protocol message handling. Rated CVSS 10.0 for its trivial exploitation and maximum impact.

RemediationAI

Update Erlang/OTP immediately. Identify all services using Erlang SSH (RabbitMQ, CouchDB, ejabberd, etc.). Restrict SSH port access. Monitor for exploitation attempts.

Affects your stack

Find out whether the stacks and servers you run are on an affected version.

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

The CWE-306 flaw in SSH protocol message handling allows an attacker to send SSH messages before authentication completes. The SSH server processes these pre-auth messages in a way that enables arbitrary Erlang code execution, which translates to OS command execution.

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Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources

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Severity by source

GitHub Advisory PRIMARY 10.0 CRITICAL

AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

SUSE 9.8 CRITICAL

AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

Primary rating from GitHub Advisory.

CVSS VectorGitHub Advisory

Attack Vector

Network

Attack Complexity

Low

Privileges Required

None

User Interaction

None

Scope

Changed

Confidentiality

High

Integrity

High

Availability

High

Lifecycle Timeline

Patch released

Mar 28, 2026 - 18:37 nvd

Patch available

Added to CISA KEV

Nov 04, 2025 - 14:49 cisa

CISA KEV

PoC Detected

Nov 04, 2025 - 14:49 vuln.today

Public exploit code

CVE Published

Apr 16, 2025 - 22:15 nvd

CRITICAL 10.0

DescriptionGitHub Advisory

Erlang/OTP is a set of libraries for the Erlang programming language. Prior to versions OTP-27.3.3, OTP-26.2.5.11, and OTP-25.3.2.20, a SSH server may allow an attacker to perform unauthenticated remote code execution (RCE). By exploiting a flaw in SSH protocol message handling, a malicious actor could gain unauthorized access to affected systems and execute arbitrary commands without valid credentials. This issue is patched in versions OTP-27.3.3, OTP-26.2.5.11, and OTP-25.3.2.20. A temporary workaround involves disabling the SSH server or to prevent access via firewall rules.

Executive ViewAI

Why It Matters

CVE-2025-32433 presents critical security risk, a missing authentication vulnerability rated CVSS 10.0. Attackers could bypass security controls to gain unauthorized access to protected resources and sensitive data. This vulnerability is actively exploited in the wild (KEV-listed) and requires immediate remediation. A patch is available and should be applied immediately given the critical severity.

Business Impact: Severe

Compensating Controls

Apply vendor patch. If immediate patching is not feasible: (1) Implement network-level access controls; (2) Enable MFA where possible; (3) Monitor authentication logs for anomalous access.

Threat Intelligence Overview

Threat Score

6.5/10

Composite threat intelligence

EPSS Score

50.3%

Top 2% exploitable

Exploit

POC

Public exploit code exists

Data Quality

7 sources

Confidence: High

NVD

CVE.org

CISA KEV

EPSS POC (2) Vendor

GitHub

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue

Severity CRITICAL

CISA KEV Yes

Public POC Yes

EPSS 50.3%

Patch available Yes

Active threat Yes

Deciding rule

In CISA KEV with patch available

What every action level means

Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.

Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.

This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.

This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.

Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived

Immediate

Exploitation· derived

Active

System Exposure· derived

Open

Automatable· derived

Yes

Human Impact

Very High

Priority Score

185

Low Medium High Critical

KEV: +50

EPSS: +50

CVSS: +50

PoC: +20

Weaponized: +15

Threat intel: 0

Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Authentication Bypass CRITICAL

Authentication bypass attacks exploit flaws in the verification mechanisms that control access to systems and applications.

Remote Code Execution CRITICAL

Remote Code Execution represents the critical moment when an attacker successfully runs arbitrary code on a target system without physical access.

Affected Products (CPE)GitHub Advisory

cpe:2.3:a:erlang:erlang\/otp:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

cpe:2.3:a:cisco:confd_basic:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

cpe:2.3:a:cisco:network_services_orchestrator:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

cpe:2.3:a:cisco:cloud_native_broadband_network_gateway:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

cpe:2.3:a:cisco:inode_manager:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

cpe:2.3:a:cisco:smart_phy:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

cpe:2.3:a:cisco:ultra_packet_core:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

cpe:2.3:a:cisco:ultra_services_platform:-:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

cpe:2.3:o:cisco:staros:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*

+ 14 more

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Same weakness CWE-306 – Missing Authentication for Critical Function

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Vendor StatusVendor

SUSE

Severity: Critical

Product	Status
SUSE Enterprise Storage 7.1	Fixed
SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP3-LTSS	Fixed
SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP4-ESPOS	Fixed
SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP4-LTSS	Fixed
SUSE Linux Enterprise High Performance Computing 15 SP5-ESPOS	Fixed

References

Advisories & patches

PATCH https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/0fcd9c56524b28615e8ece65fc0c3f66ef6e4c12 PATCH https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/6eef04130afc8b0ccb63c9a0d8650209cf54892f PATCH https://github.com/erlang/otp/commit/b1924d37fd83c070055beb115d5d6a6a9490b891 ADVISORY https://github.com/erlang/otp/security/advisories/GHSA-37cp-fgq5-7wc2 ADVISORY https://www.suse.com/support/update/SUSE-SU-2025:1356/ ADVISORY https://www.suse.com/support/update/SUSE-SU-2025:1357/ REF http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/04/16/2 REF http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/04/18/1 REF http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/04/18/2 REF http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/04/18/6 REF http://www.openwall.com/lists/oss-security/2025/04/19/1 REF https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/04/msg00028.html REF https://sec.cloudapps.cisco.com/security/center/content/CiscoSecurityAdvisory/cisco-sa-erlang-otp-ssh-xyZZy REF https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20250425-0001/ REF https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2025-32433

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