Erlang Otp
Monthly
Denial of service in Erlang/OTP's TLS handshake allows remote unauthenticated attackers to crash the BEAM VM by sending a crafted X.509 certificate chain. The vulnerability affects OTP versions 26.2 through 29.0.3 and specific patch releases of 27 and 28, exploiting unbounded growth of the policy tree during path validation. No active exploitation or public exploit code is known at this time, but the attack is automatable and has a high CVSS score.
Erlang/OTP nodes that decode External Term Format (ETF) from untrusted sources can be aborted outright by a single malformed term, in versions from OTP 27.0 up to but not including the fixed releases OTP 29.0.4, 28.5.0.4 and 27.3.4.15 (erts 15.0 up to 17.0.4, 16.4.0.4 and 15.2.7.11). The BIT_BINARY_EXT tag (77) handler accepts an encoding with zero length and zero trailing bits, causing an unsigned underflow in the computed bitstring size; the resulting value near 2^64 is handed to the allocator, which terminates the entire VM with an abort rather than raising a catchable Erlang exception. The vulnerability is unauthenticated (CVSS 4.0 vector PR:N) but requires the target application to feed attacker-controlled bytes into binary_to_term/1,2 or enif_binary_to_term(), an application-design precondition reflected as AT:P in the vendor vector and assessed as AC:H in our CVSS 3.1 evaluation; impact is availability-only (C:N/I:N/A:H). There is no indication of active exploitation (not in CISA KEV; SSVC exploitation: none) and EPSS is low at 0.32% (24th percentile), and no public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis. Vendor-released patches are available.
TLS server impersonation in Erlang/OTP's public_key library lets a name-constrained subordinate CA forge a trusted identity for hostnames outside its permitted DNS subtree. By chaining a nameConstraints enforcement gap with a legacy CommonName fallback in pkix_verify_hostname/3, an attacker holding a DNS-restricted intermediate (e.g. permitted;DNS:allowed.example.com) can issue a SAN-less leaf whose CN is an out-of-scope host (e.g. victim.example.com) and have a stock ssl:connect client with verify_peer accept it. It affects OTP 19.3 through the fixed releases (public_key 1.4 onward) and is rated CVSS 4.0 7.6; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not on CISA KEV.
Certificate chain forgery in Erlang/OTP's public_key application (pubkey_cert module) lets a non-CA end-entity certificate act as an intermediate issuer, allowing an attacker holding such a certificate's private key to sign forged leaf certificates for arbitrary identities that public_key:pkix_path_validation/3 will accept. This breaks server identity verification for TLS clients and client-certificate verification for mTLS servers across any application using the OTP ssl stack with the default verifier. Tracked as CWE-295 with a CVSS 4.0 base score of 7.0 (subsequent-system confidentiality and integrity rated High); no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV, with the only available code being the vendor fix commits.
Erlang/OTP SSH server allows unauthenticated remote code execution by exploiting a flaw in SSH protocol message handling, enabling unauthorized system access with CVSS 10.0.
OCSP responder certificate validity bypass in Erlang OTP's public_key library allows forged OCSP responses-signed with the private key of an expired responder certificate-to be accepted as valid, defeating TLS certificate revocation checks. Affected deployments include TLS clients using OCSP stapling via the ssl application, and any application calling public_key:pkix_ocsp_validate/5 directly for server-side client certificate validation. An attacker who has obtained the private key of an expired CA-designated OCSP responder can present a revoked TLS certificate alongside a forged OCSP response and achieve authentication bypass. No public exploit code exists and CISA KEV does not list this vulnerability; SSVC rates exploitation as none at time of analysis.
The SSH transport protocol with certain OpenSSH extensions, found in OpenSSH before 9.6 and other products, allows remote attackers to bypass integrity checks such that some packets are omitted (from. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.9), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. Public exploit code available and EPSS exploitation probability 53.6%.
In Erlang/OTP before 23.3.4.15, 24.x before 24.3.4.2, and 25.x before 25.0.2, there is a Client Authentication Bypass in certain client-certification situations for SSL, TLS, and DTLS. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity.
A local privilege escalation vulnerability was discovered in Erlang/OTP prior to version 23.2.3. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.0), this vulnerability is no authentication required. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Erlang/OTP 22.3.x before 22.3.4.6 and 23.x before 23.1 allows Directory Traversal. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
The Erlang otp TLS server answers with different TLS alerts to different error types in the RSA PKCS #1 1.5 padding. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.9), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. Public exploit code available and EPSS exploitation probability 83.9%.
An issue was discovered in Erlang/OTP 18.x. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Erlang/OTP before 18.0-rc1 does not properly check CBC padding bytes when terminating connections, which makes it easier for man-in-the-middle attackers to obtain cleartext data via a padding-oracle. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.9), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Multiple CRLF injection vulnerabilities in the FTP module in Erlang/OTP R15B03 allow context-dependent attackers to inject arbitrary FTP commands via CRLF sequences in the (1) user, (2) account, (3). Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Denial of service in Erlang/OTP's TLS handshake allows remote unauthenticated attackers to crash the BEAM VM by sending a crafted X.509 certificate chain. The vulnerability affects OTP versions 26.2 through 29.0.3 and specific patch releases of 27 and 28, exploiting unbounded growth of the policy tree during path validation. No active exploitation or public exploit code is known at this time, but the attack is automatable and has a high CVSS score.
Erlang/OTP nodes that decode External Term Format (ETF) from untrusted sources can be aborted outright by a single malformed term, in versions from OTP 27.0 up to but not including the fixed releases OTP 29.0.4, 28.5.0.4 and 27.3.4.15 (erts 15.0 up to 17.0.4, 16.4.0.4 and 15.2.7.11). The BIT_BINARY_EXT tag (77) handler accepts an encoding with zero length and zero trailing bits, causing an unsigned underflow in the computed bitstring size; the resulting value near 2^64 is handed to the allocator, which terminates the entire VM with an abort rather than raising a catchable Erlang exception. The vulnerability is unauthenticated (CVSS 4.0 vector PR:N) but requires the target application to feed attacker-controlled bytes into binary_to_term/1,2 or enif_binary_to_term(), an application-design precondition reflected as AT:P in the vendor vector and assessed as AC:H in our CVSS 3.1 evaluation; impact is availability-only (C:N/I:N/A:H). There is no indication of active exploitation (not in CISA KEV; SSVC exploitation: none) and EPSS is low at 0.32% (24th percentile), and no public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis. Vendor-released patches are available.
TLS server impersonation in Erlang/OTP's public_key library lets a name-constrained subordinate CA forge a trusted identity for hostnames outside its permitted DNS subtree. By chaining a nameConstraints enforcement gap with a legacy CommonName fallback in pkix_verify_hostname/3, an attacker holding a DNS-restricted intermediate (e.g. permitted;DNS:allowed.example.com) can issue a SAN-less leaf whose CN is an out-of-scope host (e.g. victim.example.com) and have a stock ssl:connect client with verify_peer accept it. It affects OTP 19.3 through the fixed releases (public_key 1.4 onward) and is rated CVSS 4.0 7.6; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not on CISA KEV.
Certificate chain forgery in Erlang/OTP's public_key application (pubkey_cert module) lets a non-CA end-entity certificate act as an intermediate issuer, allowing an attacker holding such a certificate's private key to sign forged leaf certificates for arbitrary identities that public_key:pkix_path_validation/3 will accept. This breaks server identity verification for TLS clients and client-certificate verification for mTLS servers across any application using the OTP ssl stack with the default verifier. Tracked as CWE-295 with a CVSS 4.0 base score of 7.0 (subsequent-system confidentiality and integrity rated High); no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV, with the only available code being the vendor fix commits.
Erlang/OTP SSH server allows unauthenticated remote code execution by exploiting a flaw in SSH protocol message handling, enabling unauthorized system access with CVSS 10.0.
OCSP responder certificate validity bypass in Erlang OTP's public_key library allows forged OCSP responses-signed with the private key of an expired responder certificate-to be accepted as valid, defeating TLS certificate revocation checks. Affected deployments include TLS clients using OCSP stapling via the ssl application, and any application calling public_key:pkix_ocsp_validate/5 directly for server-side client certificate validation. An attacker who has obtained the private key of an expired CA-designated OCSP responder can present a revoked TLS certificate alongside a forged OCSP response and achieve authentication bypass. No public exploit code exists and CISA KEV does not list this vulnerability; SSVC rates exploitation as none at time of analysis.
The SSH transport protocol with certain OpenSSH extensions, found in OpenSSH before 9.6 and other products, allows remote attackers to bypass integrity checks such that some packets are omitted (from. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.9), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. Public exploit code available and EPSS exploitation probability 53.6%.
In Erlang/OTP before 23.3.4.15, 24.x before 24.3.4.2, and 25.x before 25.0.2, there is a Client Authentication Bypass in certain client-certification situations for SSL, TLS, and DTLS. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity.
A local privilege escalation vulnerability was discovered in Erlang/OTP prior to version 23.2.3. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.0), this vulnerability is no authentication required. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Erlang/OTP 22.3.x before 22.3.4.6 and 23.x before 23.1 allows Directory Traversal. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
The Erlang otp TLS server answers with different TLS alerts to different error types in the RSA PKCS #1 1.5 padding. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.9), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. Public exploit code available and EPSS exploitation probability 83.9%.
An issue was discovered in Erlang/OTP 18.x. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Erlang/OTP before 18.0-rc1 does not properly check CBC padding bytes when terminating connections, which makes it easier for man-in-the-middle attackers to obtain cleartext data via a padding-oracle. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.9), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Multiple CRLF injection vulnerabilities in the FTP module in Erlang/OTP R15B03 allow context-dependent attackers to inject arbitrary FTP commands via CRLF sequences in the (1) user, (2) account, (3). Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.