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Red Hat CVE-2026-33202

CRITICAL
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection') (CWE-74)
2026-03-23 https://github.com/rails/rails
Information Disclosure Red Hat Suse
Critical
Disputed · 9.1 NVD
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Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

  1. Access
    Upload blob with glob metacharacters in key
  2. Exploit
    DiskService#delete_prefixed processes key unsanitized
  3. Execution
    Dir.glob expands metacharacters
  4. Impact
    Unintended files deleted from storage

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
CWE-74
OWASP Top 10:2025
A05:2025 - Injection
ASVS 5.0
V1 - Encoding and Sanitization Input neutralization, injection prevention
Exploitation Conditions

Rails application using Active Storage with DiskService enabled. Attacker must control blob key input (e.g., via file upload with crafted filename containing glob metacharacters like *, ?, [, ]). No authentication required. Unintended files deleted from storage directory on disk.
Impact

Although CVSS vector and EPSS scores are not provided for this vulnerability, the risk profile is significant based on available signals. The vulnerability requires no authentication if blob key generation is exposed or controllable by an attacker, and the technical impact is severe—arbitrary file deletion can compromise application data integrity and availability. The existence of patch commits (8c9676b, 955284d, fa19073) and availability of fixed releases (7.2.3.1, 8.0.4.1, 8.1.2.1) indicate this has been formally addressed by the vendor, suggesting either discovered in responsible disclosure or identified through internal review. Without KEV status or public POC information in the provided intelligence, this is not yet a known actively-exploited vulnerability in the wild, but organizations running older Rails versions remain exposed to exploitation. The attack complexity would be low to moderate depending on how blob keys are generated and exposed in a given application, making this a real priority for Ruby on Rails users to patch promptly.
Exploit ScenarioDerived

An attacker who can influence blob key naming—either through direct API calls if the application exposes key generation or through stored data that is later used as blob keys—could craft a malicious key containing glob patterns such as '../../../config/database.yml' or other patterns matching critical application files. When the application calls delete_prefixed on this key during cleanup or deletion operations, the unescaped glob pattern is evaluated by Dir.glob, causing the deletion of unintended files outside the intended blob directory, resulting in data loss or application malfunction.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Why: CRITICAL severity.
Patch available 0.0% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Mar 23, 2026

Rails Active Storage's DiskService#delete_prefixed method fails to escape glob metacharacters when passing blob keys to Dir.glob, allowing attackers to delete unintended files from the storage directory if blob keys contain attacker-controlled input or custom-generated keys with glob metacharacters. This affects Ruby on Rails versions prior to 7.2.3.1, 8.0.4.1, and 8.1.2.1, and while no CVSS score or EPSS data is currently available, the vulnerability represents a significant integrity and availability risk as it enables arbitrary file deletion on the server filesystem.

RemediationAI

Upgrade Rails Active Storage to version 7.2.3.1 or later (for the 7.2.x branch), version 8.0.4.1 or later (for the 8.0.x branch), or version 8.1.2.1 or later (for the 8.1.x branch) as detailed in the GitHub advisory at https://github.com/rails/rails/security/advisories/GHSA-73f9-jhhh-hr5m. The fixes have been implemented across multiple commits (https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/8c9676b803820110548cdb7523800db43bc6874c, https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/955284d26e469a9c026a4eee5b21f0414ab0bccf, https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/fa19073546360856e9f4dab221fc2c5d73a45e82) which add proper escaping of glob metacharacters in the delete_prefixed method. Until patching is possible, restrict the generation and acceptance of blob keys to alphanumeric characters and avoid allowing user-supplied input to directly influence blob key generation.

Affected Packages

rubygems activestorage fix: 7.2.3.1, 8.0.4.1, 8.1.2.1

Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)

Affects your stack

Affects 1 package in rubygems

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Technical ContextAI · show details

The vulnerability exists in Rails Active Storage's DiskService component (affected CPE: pkg:rubygems/activestorage), which is a Ruby gem that provides abstractions for attaching files to Active Record models and storing them on disk. The root cause is classified under CWE-74 (Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output, also known as Injection), where user-controlled blob keys are passed directly to the Dir.glob function without proper escaping. The Dir.glob function interprets glob metacharacters such as asterisks, question marks, and brackets as pattern matching operators rather than literal characters. When an attacker supplies a blob key containing these metacharacters, they can craft patterns that match and delete arbitrary files within the storage directory, bypassing intended access controls.

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Severity by source

Sources disagree (Medium–Critical)
GitHub Advisory PRIMARY 9.1 CRITICAL
AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H
SUSE CRITICAL
Red Hat 6.5 MEDIUM

vuln.today treats the vendor’s rating as authoritative. A higher third-party CVSS (e.g. CISA-ADP) is shown for transparency but does not drive the headline severity.

CVSS VectorGitHub Advisory

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
None
Integrity
High
Availability
High

Lifecycle Timeline

2
Patch released
Mar 23, 2026 - 21:30 nvd
Patch available
CVE Published
Mar 23, 2026 - 21:18 nvd
CRITICAL 9.1

DescriptionGitHub Advisory

Impact

Active Storage's DiskService#delete_prefixed passes blob keys directly to Dir.glob without escaping glob metacharacters. If a blob key contains attacker-controlled input or custom-generated keys with glob metacharacters, it may be possible to delete unintended files from the storage directory.

Releases

The fixed releases are available at the normal locations.

Executive ViewAI

Why It Matters

CVE-2026-33202 presents critical security risk, a injection vulnerability rated CVSS 9.1. Successful exploitation could allow attackers to execute arbitrary code or commands on affected systems, potentially leading to full system compromise. A patch is available and should be applied immediately given the critical severity.

Business Impact: Severe
Compensating Controls

Apply vendor patch. If immediate patching is not feasible: (1) Implement network-level access controls to limit exposure; (2) Enable enhanced monitoring and alerting; (3) Apply principle of least privilege.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.0%
Top 95% exploitable
Data Quality
5 sources
Confidence: Medium
NVD CVE.org EPSS Vulnrichment Vendor GitHub VulDB

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity CRITICAL
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.0%
Patch available Yes
Active threat No
Deciding rule
CRITICAL severity
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision
Out-of-Cycle
Exploitation
None
System Exposure· derived
Open
Automatable
Yes
Human Impact
Very High
Technical Impact
Partial

Priority Score

46
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +46
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Information Disclosure MEDIUM

Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security.

Affected Products (CPE)GitHub Advisory

pkg:rubygems/activestorage
pkg:rubygems/activestorage
pkg:rubygems/activestorage

Same weakness CWE-74 – Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')

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Same technique Information Disclosure

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CVE-2025-24813 CRITICAL POC
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CVE-2015-1701 HIGH POC
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CVE-2017-0147 HIGH POC
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Vendor StatusVendor

SUSE

Severity: Critical
Product Status
SUSE Linux Enterprise High Availability Extension 15 SP7 Fixed
SUSE Linux Enterprise High Availability Extension 15 SP7 Fixed
SUSE Linux Enterprise High Availability Extension 15 SP7 Fixed
SUSE Linux Enterprise High Availability Extension 16.0 Fixed
SUSE Linux Enterprise High Availability Extension 16.1 Fixed

References

Advisories & patches
PATCH https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/8c9676b803820110548cdb7523800db43bc6874c PATCH https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/955284d26e469a9c026a4eee5b21f0414ab0bccf PATCH https://github.com/rails/rails/commit/fa19073546360856e9f4dab221fc2c5d73a45e82 ADVISORY https://github.com/rails/rails/security/advisories/GHSA-73f9-jhhh-hr5m ADVISORY https://vuldb.com/vuln/352624 REF https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-73f9-jhhh-hr5m REF https://github.com/rails/rails/releases/tag/v7.2.3.1 REF https://github.com/rails/rails/releases/tag/v8.0.4.1 REF https://github.com/rails/rails/releases/tag/v8.1.2.1

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