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Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

  1. Access
    Authenticate as low-privileged user
  2. Exploit
    Access Windows Push Notifications service
  3. Execution
    Trigger race condition in shared resource
  4. Impact
    Escalate privileges to SYSTEM

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A06:2025 - Insecure Design
ASVS 5.0
V15 - Secure Coding and Architecture Concurrency control, locking
MITRE ATT&CK

1 technique across 1 tactic: Privilege Escalation

The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up.

Exploitation Conditions

Local user account required with interactive logon capability. Windows Push Notifications service must be running with elevated privileges. Attack requires precise timing manipulation of concurrent resource access, making exploitation difficult but achievable on vulnerable system configurations.

Impact

Real-world exploitation risk is moderate despite the 7.8 CVSS score. The high attack complexity (AC:H) creates significant practical barriers-race conditions require precise timing and often multiple attempts to successfully exploit, making weaponization challenging. The local attack vector (AV:L) and low privilege requirement (PR:L) mean attackers need existing foothold with authenticated user access, reducing the attack surface compared to remote vulnerabilities. No public exploit identified at time of analysis and no CISA KEV listing suggests this vulnerability has not been weaponized in real-world campaigns. However, the changed scope and full CIA impact (C:H/I:H/A:H) mean successful exploitation delivers complete system compromise, making this a valid priority for privilege escalation chains in targeted attacks. SSVC factors favor scheduled patching rather than emergency response: exploitation is not active, automation difficulty is high due to race timing requirements, and technical impact is total within local context. Organizations should prioritize patching on standard cycles, focusing first on multi-user systems and servers where authenticated low-privilege users are common.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

An attacker with low-privileged domain user credentials on a corporate Windows 10 workstation launches a custom program that repeatedly calls Windows Push Notification APIs while simultaneously manipulating shared memory structures. Through hundreds of timed attempts, the attacker wins the race condition during a critical notification processing window, causing the WPN service to execute attacker-controlled code with SYSTEM privileges. The att

This Week Schedule remediation this week. Why: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9).
Patch available 0.0% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Apr 14, 2026

Privilege escalation in Windows Push Notifications service affects all supported Windows 10, 11, and Server versions through a race condition that allows low-privileged authenticated users to gain SYSTEM-level access. The vulnerability (CWE-362) stems from improper synchronization when multiple threads access shared resources in the notification subsystem. Attack complexity is high (AC:H), requiring precise timing to win the race, but successful exploitation grants complete system compromise wit

Earlier versions of this analysis (1)
v1 Apr 14, 2026 - 19:20 CVSS 7.8

Privilege escalation in Windows Push Notifications service affects all supported Windows 10, 11, and Server versions through a race condition that allows low-privileged authenticated users to gain SYSTEM-level access. The vulnerability (CWE-362) stems from improper synchronization when multiple threads access shared resources in the notification subsystem. Attack complexity is high (AC:H), requiring precise timing to win the race, but successful exploitation grants complete system compromise with changed scope (S:C). No public exploit identified at time of analysis. CVSS 7.8 severity reflects the local attack vector requiring low privileges but delivering full CIA impact across security boundaries.

RemediationAI

Apply Microsoft's security updates immediately through Windows Update or WSUS to receive patched versions: Windows 10 version 1809 to build 10.0.17763.8644 or later, Windows 10 21H2 to build 10.0.19044.7184 or later, Windows 10 22H2 to build 10.0.19045.7184 or later, Windows 11 22H3/23H2 to build 10.0.22631.6936 or later, Windows 11 24H2 to build 10.0.26100.32690 or later, Windows 11 25H2 to build 10.0.26200.8246 or later, Windows 11 26H1 to build 10.0.28000.1836 or later, Windows Server 2019 to build 10.0.17763.8644 or later, Windows Server 2022 to build 10.0.20348.5020 or later, Windows Server 2022 23H2 Edition to build 10.0.25398.2274 or later, and Windows Server 2025 to build 10.0.26100.32690 or later. No workarounds have been published by Microsoft. Organizations unable to immediately patch should implement defense-in-depth controls including restricting local user privileges, monitoring for unusual notification service behavior through Event Tracing for Windows (ETW), and enforcing least-privilege access policies to limit low-privileged user populations. Full remediation guidance available at https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-32159.

Affected VersionsENISA

Windows 10 Version 21H2 10.0.19044.0 <10.0.19044.7184
Windows 10 Version 1809 10.0.17763.0 <10.0.17763.8644
Windows 11 Version 24H2 10.0.26100.0 <10.0.26100.32690
Windows 10 Version 22H2 10.0.19045.0 <10.0.19045.7184
Windows 11 Version 23H2 10.0.22631.0 <10.0.22631.6936
Windows Server 2025 10.0.26100.0 <10.0.26100.32690
Windows 11 Version 25H2 10.0.26200.0 <10.0.26200.8246
Windows 11 version 26H1 10.0.28000.0 <10.0.28000.1836
Windows 11 version 22H3 10.0.22631.0 <10.0.22631.6936
Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation) 10.0.17763.0 <10.0.17763.8644
Windows Server 2022, 23H2 Edition (Server Core installation) 10.0.25398.0 <10.0.25398.2274
Windows Server 2025 (Server Core installation) 10.0.26100.0 <10.0.26100.32690
Windows Server 2022 10.0.20348.0 <10.0.20348.5020
Windows Server 2019 10.0.17763.0 <10.0.17763.8644

Affected Packages

microsoft windows_10_version_1809_10_0_17763_8644 fix: Windows 10 Version 1809 for 32-bit Systems 10.0.17763.8644, Windows 10 Version 1809 for x64-based Systems 10.0.17763.8644
microsoft windows_10_version_21h2_10_0_19044_7184 fix: Windows 10 Version 21H2 for 32-bit Systems 10.0.19044.7184, Windows 10 Version 21H2 for ARM64-based Systems 10.0.19044.7184, Windows 10 Version 21H2 for x64-based Systems 10.0.19044.7184
microsoft windows_10_version_22h2_10_0_19045_7184 fix: Windows 10 Version 22H2 for 32-bit Systems 10.0.19045.7184, Windows 10 Version 22H2 for ARM64-based Systems 10.0.19045.7184, Windows 10 Version 22H2 for x64-based Systems 10.0.19045.7184
microsoft windows_11_version_23h2_10_0_22631_6936 fix: Windows 11 Version 23H2 for ARM64-based Systems 10.0.22631.6936, Windows 11 Version 23H2 for x64-based Systems 10.0.22631.6936
microsoft windows_11_version_24h2_10_0_26100_32690 fix: Windows 11 Version 24H2 for ARM64-based Systems 10.0.26100.32690, Windows 11 Version 24H2 for x64-based Systems 10.0.26100.32690
microsoft windows_11_version_25h2_10_0_26200_8246 fix: Windows 11 Version 25H2 for ARM systems 10.0.26200.8246, Windows 11 Version 25H2 for x64-based Systems 10.0.26200.8246
microsoft windows_11_version_26h1_10_0_28000_1836 fix: Windows 11 Version 26H1 for ARM64-based Systems 10.0.28000.1836, Windows 11 version 26H1 for x64-based Systems 10.0.28000.1836
microsoft windows_server_2019_10_0_17763_8644 fix: Windows Server 2019 10.0.17763.8644, Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation) 10.0.17763.8644
microsoft windows_server_2022_10_0_20348_5020 fix: Windows Server 2022 10.0.20348.5020, Windows Server 2022 (Server Core installation) 10.0.20348.5020
microsoft windows_server_2022_23h2_edition_10_0_25398_2274 fix: Windows Server 2022, 23H2 Edition (Server Core installation) 10.0.25398.2274
microsoft windows_server_2025_10_0_26100_32690 fix: Windows Server 2025 10.0.26100.32690, Windows Server 2025 (Server Core installation) 10.0.26100.32690
euvd windows_10_version_1809 fix: 10.0.17763.8644
euvd windows_10_version_21h2 fix: 10.0.19044.7184
euvd windows_10_version_22h2 fix: 10.0.19045.7184
euvd windows_11_version_22h3 fix: 10.0.22631.6936
euvd windows_11_version_23h2 fix: 10.0.22631.6936
euvd windows_11_version_24h2 fix: 10.0.26100.32690
euvd windows_11_version_25h2 fix: 10.0.26200.8246
euvd windows_11_version_26h1 fix: 10.0.28000.1836
euvd windows_server_2019 fix: 10.0.17763.8644
euvd windows_server_2019_server_core_installation fix: 10.0.17763.8644
euvd windows_server_2022 fix: 10.0.20348.5020
euvd windows_server_2022_23h2_edition_server_core_installation fix: 10.0.25398.2274
euvd windows_server_2025 fix: 10.0.26100.32690
euvd windows_server_2025_server_core_installation fix: 10.0.26100.32690

Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)

Affects your stack

Affects 25 packages in microsoft, euvd

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

The Windows Push Notifications Platform (WPN) service manages toast notifications, live tiles, and badge updates across the Windows ecosystem. This vulnerability exploits a classic Time-of-Check-Time-of-Use (TOCTOU) race condition (CWE-362) where concurrent threads improperly synchronize access to shared memory or system resources during notification processing. Between authentication checks and privilege-dependent operations, a narrow timing window exists where a low-privileged user can manipulate shared state. The changed scope (S:C) in the CVSS vector indicates the vulnerability breaks trust boundaries, likely allowing escape from the notification service's security context into a higher-privileged Windows subsystem or kernel component. Affected CPE strings span all currently supported Windows client and server platforms from legacy 1809 through preview builds (26H1), indicating the race condition exists in core notification architecture shared across Windows NT 10.0 kernel versions.

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  • Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources

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Severity by source

Vendor (microsoft) PRIMARY 7.8 HIGH
AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
ENISA EUVD HIGH
CIRCL (temporal) 6.8 MEDIUM

Primary rating from Vendor (microsoft).

CVSS VectorVendor: microsoft

Attack Vector
Local
Attack Complexity
High
Privileges Required
Low
User Interaction
None
Scope
Changed
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High

Lifecycle Timeline

2
Patch released
Apr 14, 2026 - 17:46 nvd
Patch available
CVE Published
Apr 14, 2026 - 16:57 nvd
HIGH 7.8

DescriptionCVE.org

Concurrent execution using shared resource with improper synchronization ('race condition') in Windows Push Notifications allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally.

Executive ViewAI

Why It Matters

CVE-2026-32159 is a privilege escalation flaw in Windows Push Notifications affecting Windows 10, 11, and Server editions that allows authenticated low-privilege users to gain SYSTEM-level access through a race condition. Successful exploitation enables complete system compromise including data theft, malware installation, and lateral movement across the network. All organizations running Windows must patch immediately to prevent insider threats and post-compromise attacker persistence.

Business Impact: High
Compensating Controls

Apply vendor patch. Interim mitigations pending patch deployment: (1) Restrict local logon rights to essential personnel only via Group Policy; (2) Monitor Windows Push Notification service (WpnService) for unexpected privilege escalation attempts using EDR/behavioral analytics; (3) Disable Push Notifications on systems where not operationally required via Group Policy (Computer Configuration > Administrative Templates > Windows Components > App privacy > Allow diagnostic data > set to Diagnostic data off).

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.0%
Top 89% exploitable
Threat Intel
1
1 source
Vendor Action
See Below
Required. The vulnerability documented by this CVE requires customer action to resolve.
Vendor Status
Publicly Disclosed:No
Exploited:No
Latest Software Release:Exploitation Less Likely
Data Quality
7 sources
Confidence: High

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity HIGH
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.0%
Patch available Yes
Active threat No
Deciding rule
HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision
Scheduled
Exploitation
None
System Exposure· derived
Small
Automatable
No
Human Impact
High
Technical Impact
Total

Priority Score

44
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +39
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: +5

Attack Technique

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