Severity by source
AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
Primary rating from NVD · only source for this CVE.
CVSS VectorNVD
CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:N
Lifecycle Timeline
4DescriptionCVE.org
A Business Logic vulnerability exists in SourceCodester Pharmacy Product Management System 1.0. The vulnerability is located in the add-sales.php file. The application fails to validate the "txtprice" and "txttotalcost" parameters, allowing attackers to submit negative values for sales transactions. This leads to incorrect financial calculations, corruption of sales reports, and potential financial loss.
AnalysisAI
Pharmacy Product Management System 1.0 accepts negative price and total cost values in sales transactions due to insufficient input validation in add-sales.php, enabling attackers to manipulate financial records, corrupt sales reports, and cause financial loss. The vulnerability allows unauthenticated or low-privilege users to submit arbitrary negative values that bypass business logic controls. Publicly available exploit code exists demonstrating this business logic flaw.
Technical ContextAI
The vulnerability exists in a PHP-based web application (SourceCodester Pharmacy Product Management System) that processes sales transactions. The add-sales.php file handles transaction data including price and total cost parameters (txtprice and txttotalcost). The root cause is a business logic validation failure-the application accepts numeric input without enforcing domain constraints (non-negative values). Unlike injection or authentication flaws, this attack exploits inadequate business rule enforcement at the application layer. Negative price submissions cause the application to record inverted financial transactions, corrupting ledgers and enabling fraudulent financial manipulation.
RemediationAI
Implement strict input validation in add-sales.php to enforce non-negative values for txtprice and txttotalcost parameters. At minimum, add server-side validation to reject any submission where price or total cost is less than zero, and return an error message to the user. Consider implementing range checks (e.g., maximum reasonable price per item) and type enforcement (numeric, non-null). Additionally, implement business logic controls such as manual approval workflows for large or unusual transactions, and maintain immutable audit logs of all sales modifications. If this is an open-source deployment, check the GitHub repository for patched versions; the PoC reference (https://github.com/meifukun/Web-Security-PoCs/blob/main/Pharmacy-Product-Management-System/Logic-AddSales-NegativePrice.md) may also contain community-contributed fixes. For immediate mitigation, restrict add-sales.php access to trusted administrators only via network-level controls or authentication gating.
sapi/cgi/cgi_main.c in PHP before 5.3.12 and 5.4.x before 5.4.2, when configured as a CGI script (aka php-cgi), does not
(1) boardData102.php, (2) boardData103.php, (3) boardDataJP.php, (4) boardDataNA.php, and (5) boardDataWW.php in Netgear
ProjectSend versions prior to r1720 are affected by an improper authentication vulnerability. Rated critical severity (C
Roundcube Webmail contains a critical PHP object deserialization vulnerability (CVE-2025-49113, CVSS 9.9) that allows au
Util/PHP/eval-stdin.php in PHPUnit before 4.8.28 and 5.x before 5.6.3 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary PHP c
Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS management web interface contains an authentication bypass allowing unauthenticated attackers
Nagios XI version xi-5.7.5 is affected by OS command injection. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is re
Nagios XI version xi-5.7.5 is affected by OS command injection. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is re
The get_referers function in /opt/ws/bin/sblistpack in Sophos Web Appliance before 3.7.9.1 and 3.8 before 3.8.1.1 allows
The Backup Migration plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Remote Code Execution in all versions up to, and including, 1
NetAlertX (formerly PiAlert) versions 23.01.14 through 24.x before 24.10.12 allow unauthenticated command injection thro
The GiveWP - Donation Plugin and Fundraising Platform plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to PHP Object Injection in all
Same technique Information Disclosure
View allShare
External POC / Exploit Code
Leaving vuln.today
EUVD-2026-17901