Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain
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ReconObtain one DGX appliance
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DeliveryExtract shared SSH host private keys
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ExploitGain on-path position to target DGX network
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InstallIntercept operator SSH connection
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C2Present stolen host key, pass fingerprint check
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ExecuteCapture credentials and tunnel session data
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ImpactPivot to code execution on target DGX
Vulnerability Assessment
| Weakness |
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A04:2025 - Cryptographic Failures
ASVS 5.0
V11 - Cryptography Key management, no hard-coded keys
|
| Exploitation Conditions | Exploitation requires three concrete prerequisites: (1) attacker possession of the cloned SSH host private key material from any DGX system provisioned from the same factory base image - obtainable by purchasing, leasing, or compromising one peer DGX appliance; (2) a network on-path or DNS/ARP-redirection position between the legitimate DGX server and the SSH client to intercept connections (reflected in CVSS AC:H); and (3) the victim must be initiating SSH to a DGX hostname/IP the attacker can intercept. Limiting factors: the issue only impacts DGX OS systems provisioned via the affected cloning workflow (DGX Spark per the CPE), AitM positioning is non-trivial outside shared LANs, and deployments using SSH certificate authorities or strict out-of-band fingerprint verification would detect the impersonation. |
| Impact | The CVSS:3.1 vector AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H yields 8.1 (High): network-reachable, unauthenticated, no user interaction, but with high attack complexity reflecting that the attacker must already possess the cloned key material (e.g., by purchasing or accessing one DGX appliance) and be positioned on a network path between victim and legitimate server to mount an AitM. There is no EPSS score, KEV listing, SSVC decision, or public POC referenced in the provided intelligence, which is consistent with a recently disclosed vendor-reported issue rather than mass-exploited bug. The realistic risk is targeted rather than opportunistic - high for organizations operating multiple DGX systems on shared or hostile networks, lower for isolated lab deployments, but the C/I/A:H triad means a successful AitM can fully compromise SSH-tunneled workloads including model weights and credentials. Note that CPE lists only DGX Spark while the description says 'DGX OS' broadly - defenders should verify exact affected SKUs with NVIDIA before scoping. |
| Exploit ScenarioDerived | An attacker who obtains one DGX appliance (lab loaner, second-hand purchase, or compromised peer system) extracts /etc/ssh/ssh_host_ed25519_key and then, from a network position between an operator's workstation and a target DGX system on a shared corporate or colo network, presents the stolen key during SSH negotiation; because the fingerprint matches the victim's pinned known_hosts entry from a prior session, the operator authenticates and tunnels credentials, training data, or model artifacts through the attacker. No public POC is referenced, but the technique mirrors well-documented historical issues such as Cisco/Juniper shared-key advisories and is straightforward to weaponize with standard SSH MITM tooling like ssh-mitm. |
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Alert meAnalysisAIv1 – May 20, 2026
Host impersonation and machine-in-the-middle attacks against NVIDIA DGX OS systems are possible because the factory provisioning process clones a base image that ships identical SSH host keys onto every similarly provisioned system, primarily affecting DGX Spark deployments. With a CVSS of 8.1 and a CWE-321 (Use of Hard-Coded Cryptographic Key) root cause, an unauthenticated network attacker who possesses the shared key material from any one device can impersonate peers, potentially leading to code execution, data tampering, privilege escalation, information disclosure, or denial of service. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and the CVE is not listed in CISA KEV.
RemediationAI
Follow NVIDIA's security bulletin at https://nvidia.custhelp.com/app/answers/detail/a_id/5835 for the official fix; patch status from the available data corresponds to 'Patch available per vendor advisory' without an exact fixed version enumerated in the provided intelligence. Operationally, regenerate unique SSH host keys on every affected DGX system by deleting /etc/ssh/ssh_host_*_key* and running dpkg-reconfigure openssh-server (or ssh-keygen -A), then restart sshd and purge stale entries from all clients' known_hosts files - note the side effect that legitimate users will see host-key-changed warnings and must re-pin the new fingerprints out of band. As compensating controls until remediation, restrict SSH access to DGX management interfaces to trusted management VLANs, require certificate-based SSH host authentication via an internal CA rather than TOFU fingerprint pinning, and audit any inter-DGX SSH trust relationships for replay or impersonation exposure.
Affected VersionsENISA
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Technical ContextAI · show details
The vulnerability stems from NVIDIA's factory provisioning workflow for DGX OS, the Ubuntu-derived operating system shipped on NVIDIA's DGX AI/ML appliances (CPE cpe:2.3:a:nvidia:dgx_spark identifies DGX Spark as the affected product). During image cloning, the SSH server's host key pair (typically generated once per host by openssh-server on first boot) was baked into the master image rather than regenerated per device, so every appliance provisioned from that image presents the same /etc/ssh/ssh_host_*_key fingerprint. This is a textbook CWE-321 (Use of Hard-Coded Cryptographic Key) condition: the cryptographic identity intended to uniquely bind a TLS/SSH endpoint becomes a shared secret across the fleet, defeating SSH's trust-on-first-use and known_hosts pinning protections that normally detect impostor servers.
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Severity by source
AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Primary rating from Vendor (nvidia) · only source for this CVE.
CVSS VectorVendor: nvidia
DescriptionCVE.org
NVIDIA DGX OS contains a vulnerability in the factory provisioning process, where the cloning of a base image causes identical SSH host keys to be deployed across multiple systems. The sharing of cryptographic identifiers across all similarly provisioned systems enables host impersonation or attacker-in-the-middle attacks. A successful exploit of this vulnerability might lead to code execution, data tampering, escalation of privileges, information disclosure, and denial of service.
Executive ViewAI
The factory provisioning process for NVIDIA DGX OS (particularly DGX Spark deployments) installs identical SSH host keys across all similarly configured systems, enabling any attacker with knowledge of the shared keys to impersonate legitimate DGX infrastructure and execute arbitrary commands. This vulnerability creates critical risk to organizations operating DGX systems by allowing unauthenticated network attackers to compromise AI/ML workloads, exfiltrate sensitive training data, or disrupt model training pipelines. Remediation requires immediate inventory of affected systems and interim network protection measures while awaiting vendor guidance.
No vendor-released patch identified at time of analysis. Interim mitigations: (1) Network segmentation-isolate all affected DGX systems to restricted subnets with ingress/egress firewall controls; (2) SSH hardening-disable password authentication, enforce key-based authentication only; (3) Out-of-band SSH host key rotation using secure key provisioning process coordinated with NVIDIA; (4) Host-based intrusion detection deployed on all DGX systems to detect brute-force and anomalous authentication; (5) Centralized SSH authentication logging with real-time alerting for failed or suspicious connection attempts; (6) Network-based monitoring of DGX-to-DGX communications for indicators of lateral movement.
Threat Intelligence Overview
How this decision was reached
The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.
What every action level means
SSVC AssessmentENISA
Priority Score
Attack Technique
Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security.
Remote Code Execution represents the critical moment when an attacker successfully runs arbitrary code on a target system without physical access.
Denial of Service attacks render applications or systems unavailable by overwhelming resources or triggering failure conditions.
NULL pointer dereference in NVIDIA DGX Spark system firmware enables a local privileged attacker to achieve code executi
Out-of-bounds write in NVIDIA DGX Spark system firmware enables a privileged local attacker to corrupt memory and achiev
Out-of-bounds write in NVIDIA DGX Spark system firmware permits a locally authenticated, highly privileged attacker to c
UEFI protection mechanism failure in NVIDIA DGX Spark allows a privileged local user to bypass the UEFI administrator pa
Out-of-bounds read in the NVIDIA DGX Spark standalone Memory Management (MM) firmware enables a local high-privileged at
EUVD-2026-31142
GHSA-849r-hj58-p84g
NVD
CVE.org
EPSS
Vulnrichment
VulDB
Exploit-DB