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Raspberry Pi EEPROM CVE-2026-13199

| EUVDEUVD-2026-42021 MEDIUM
Insufficient Entropy (CWE-331)
2026-07-07 Nozomi GHSA-fghc-hpwq-xm37
5.1
CVSS 4.0 · Vendor: Nozomi
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Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

  1. Access
    Identify affected firmware version
  2. Delivery
    Compute deterministic KASLR slide
  3. Exploit
    Obtain local access to target device
  4. Execution
    Leverage predictable kernel addresses in secondary exploit
  5. Impact
    Escalate to kernel privilege

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A04:2025 - Cryptographic Failures
ASVS 5.0
V11 - Cryptography Entropy requirements
Exploitation Conditions

The device must be a Raspberry Pi 5 or Compute Module 5 running an affected EEPROM firmware version - no special configuration or non-default feature is required; the insufficient entropy is unconditional in the vulnerable firmware. Exploitation of this vulnerability alone yields only predictable kernel addresses (information disclosure); achieving code execution requires a separate, co-exploitable kernel memory-corruption vulnerability. Local access to the device is required to leverage the predictable KASLR offset in a practical attack, as confirmed by AV:L in the CVSS 4.0 vector. Authentication requirements are not independently confirmed from the available CVSS data beyond the local-access vector (PR:N/AV:L in CVSS 4.0).

Impact

The CVSS 4.0 score of 5.1 with a local attack vector (AV:L) correctly reflects that this is a security-weakening vulnerability rather than a direct exploitation primitive. The low confidentiality impact (VC:L) captures the kernel address disclosure angle; integrity and availability are unaffected (VI:N/VA:N). EPSS data was not provided, and the absence of a KEV listing and confirmed public exploit code further supports a measured assessment - this is not a fire-drill vulnerability in isolation. The realistic risk is as a force multiplier: an attacker who already has a memory-corruption vulnerability targeting these devices gains a significant advantage because KASLR, normally a probabilistic barrier, becomes effectively neutralized. For deployments where Raspberry Pi 5 or Compute Module 5 devices are exposed to untrusted local users or run security-sensitive workloads, the risk elevation is meaningful. For typical hobbyist or isolated IoT deployments, the exploitability remains low without a co-exploitable kernel bug. No CVSS 3.x vector was provided by NVD - the 5.1 score is based on CVSS 4.0 only.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

An attacker with local shell access to an unpatched Raspberry Pi 5 determines the device's firmware version, then uses the known-deterministic KASLR seed to calculate exact kernel symbol addresses. Armed with these addresses, they construct a ROP chain for a separate kernel vulnerability - one that would otherwise be defeated by KASLR - and escalate to ring-0 privileges. No public exploit code combining these steps has been identified at time of analysis.

This Month Plan within 30 days. Why: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9).
Patch available 0.1% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Jul 07, 2026

Predictable KASLR offsets and RNG seeds in Raspberry Pi 5 and Compute Module 5 EEPROM firmware undermine kernel address space layout randomization across all affected devices and reboots. Because the entropy source is deterministic, any attacker who can identify the firmware version can predict kernel memory addresses, reducing KASLR to a known-offset bypass. This does not itself enable code execution, but it significantly lowers the bar for chaining with any memory-corruption vulnerability targeting these devices. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis and this is not listed in the CISA KEV catalog.

RemediationAI

The primary fix is an upstream EEPROM firmware update delivered via the rpi-eeprom package; users should apply the patched firmware once a tagged release incorporating PR #841 is available (https://github.com/raspberrypi/rpi-eeprom/pull/841). On Raspberry Pi OS, firmware updates are applied with 'sudo rpi-eeprom-update -a' followed by a reboot. No exact fixed version number has been independently confirmed from the available data - users should verify the changelog of the installed rpi-eeprom package version against the PR merge date. As a compensating control for deployments that cannot immediately update, restricting physical and local shell access to the device reduces the practical exploitability of any secondary vulnerability that would depend on known kernel addresses. There is no network-level workaround since the vulnerability is intrinsic to the firmware and does not expose a remotely reachable attack surface on its own.

Affected VersionsENISA

Raspberry Pi 5 and Compute Module 5 0 <28.22-1

Affected Packages

euvd raspberry_pi_5_and_compute_module_5 fix: 28.22-1

Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)

Affects your stack

Affects 1 package in euvd

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

CWE-331 (Insufficient Entropy) describes failures to generate unpredictable values where security depends on randomness. Here, the EEPROM firmware - the first-stage bootloader stored in SPI flash on Raspberry Pi 5 and Compute Module 5 (CPE: cpe:2.3:a:raspberry_pi:raspberry_pi_5_and_compute_module_5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*) - is responsible for seeding the kernel RNG and providing the initial entropy for KASLR before the OS takes over. A defect in this firmware caused it to produce the same or consistently patterned seed values regardless of device instance or reboot, meaning all affected devices share the same effective KASLR slide. KASLR is a probabilistic mitigation that randomizes kernel code and data layout in virtual memory to defeat return-oriented programming (ROP) and similar exploitation techniques; removing its entropy collapses this defense. The secondary effect - delayed boot while the kernel waits for entropy from other sources - indicates the firmware also failed to adequately seed the kernel's entropy pool, potentially affecting cryptographic operations early in the boot sequence.

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Severity by source

Vendor (Nozomi) PRIMARY 5.1 MEDIUM
CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
vuln.today AI 4.0 MEDIUM

Local vector reflects physical/shell access requirement; no privileges needed; only limited kernel-address confidentiality impact with no integrity or availability effect.

3.1 AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
4.0 AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Primary rating from Vendor (Nozomi).

CVSS VectorVendor: Nozomi

Attack Vector
Local
Attack Complexity
Low
Attack Requirements
None
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
None
Vulnerable system: Confidentiality
Low
Vulnerable system: Integrity
None
Vulnerable system: Availability
None
Subsequent system: Confidentiality
None
Subsequent system: Integrity
None
Subsequent system: Availability
None

DescriptionCVE.org

EEPROM firmware on Raspberry Pi 5 and Compute Module 5 devices produced non-random KASLR and RNG seed values. This resulted in consistent kernel addresses across boots and devices, potentially making it easier to exploit other vulnerabilities. Additionally, the low-quality RNG seed may affect the quality of random numbers or delay booting while sufficient entropy is accumulated from other sources.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.1%
Top 98% exploitable
Prevalence
Medium
popular in hobbyist, education, and IoT but not broad enterprise deployments
Data Quality
6 sources
Confidence: High

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity MEDIUM
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.1%
Patch available Yes
Active threat No
Deciding rule
MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Defer
Exploitation
None
System Exposure· derived
Small
Automatable
No
Human Impact· derived
Medium
Technical Impact
Partial

Priority Score

26
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +26
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security.

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