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a2a-java CVE-2026-117505

| EUVDEUVD-2026-110927 MEDIUM
Uncontrolled Resource Consumption (CWE-400)
2026-10-27 VulDB GHSA-6435-vrpp-vvrc
5.3
CVSS 4.0 · Vendor: VulDB
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Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

  1. Access
    Authenticate as A2A client
  2. Delivery
    Open streaming event/task subscription
  3. Exploit
    Stall consumption while events enqueue
  4. Execution
    ChildQueue deque grows unbounded
  5. Impact
    Memory exhaustion degrades service availability

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A06:2025 - Insecure Design
ASVS 5.0
V2 - Validation and Business Logic Resource consumption limits
MITRE ATT&CK

1 technique across 1 tactic: Impact

The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up.

Exploitation Conditions

Requires a running a2a-java server (version ≤ 1.2.0.Final) exposing the streaming event-consumer path that uses ChildQueue, reachable over the network. Per the CVSS vector (PR:L) the attacker needs low-level authenticated access sufficient to establish a task/event subscription and drive event enqueuing. Exploitation hinges on a slow or stalled subscriber so that the previously unbounded ChildQueue deque grows faster than it is drained, consuming memory. Limiting factors: authentication is required (not anonymous), impact is confined to availability at a low level (VA:L, no data compromise), and the growth is per-task/child queue rather than a single trivial request; the trigger relies on sustained enqueuing against a non-draining consumer rather than one crafted packet.

Impact

This is a moderate, low-urgency availability issue, not a high-priority emergency. The CVSS 4.0 base score is 5.3 (MEDIUM) with vector AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N and only VA:L - a low, partial availability impact and no confidentiality or integrity impact. The attack is network-reachable and low-complexity, but PR:L means an attacker needs at least low-level authenticated access to the A2A server (ability to open a task/streaming session and enqueue events), which limits the exposed population to clients already permitted to interact with the agent. There is no CISA KEV listing, no EPSS score was provided, and the input does not mark any confirmed public exploit; the vuln.today decision label is 'this_month' (routine patching cadence), consistent with a real but non-critical bug. The source diff corroborates the mechanism: ChildQueue previously used an unbounded LinkedBlockingDeque, so a slow or stalled subscriber could let the per-task queue grow without bound and consume memory (CWE-400). Signals are internally consistent - there is no conflict between the vector and the description. Bottom line: a legitimate hardening priority to schedule in normal patching, not a drop-everything issue; the main caveat is that EPSS/KEV/PoC signals are simply absent rather than confirmed-negative, so real-world exploitation interest cannot be ruled in or out from this data.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

An authenticated client of an a2a-java server opens a streaming task/event subscription and then consumes events slowly or not at all while events continue to be enqueued. Because the ChildQueue's backing deque is unbounded in versions up to 1.2.0.Final, the queue grows without limit and consumes JVM heap, degrading or disrupting the service. No confirmed public exploit code is identified in the provided data; the mechanism is derived from the vendor patch diff.

This Month Plan within 30 days. Why: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9).
Patch available 0.3% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Oct 28, 2026

Unbounded memory growth in the a2a-java SDK's per-task ChildQueue lets a remote, low-privileged authenticated client exhaust server memory by enqueuing streaming events faster than a slow or stalled subscriber drains them, degrading availability of the affected a2a-java server. Versions up to and including 1.2.0.Final are affected; the flaw is CWE-400 resource consumption with a low availability-only impact and no data exposure. A vendor fix, PR #1040 (commit be663f806efcfdddd2805d214fae4998379ac5f2), ships in release 1.3.0.Final; no public exploit code was identified at time of analysis and no EPSS score was supplied.

RemediationAI

Upgrade a2a-java to 1.3.0.Final, the vendor-released fixed version (release tag https://github.com/a2aproject/a2a-java/releases/tag/v1.3.0.Final), which incorporates PR #1040 and commit be663f806efcfdddd2805d214fae4998379ac5f2; the patch bounds each ChildQueue to the parent queue's capacity so a full queue closes the child instead of growing the deque, releases the semaphore permit when mainEventBus.submit() throws so event processing cannot be permanently blocked, and adds the bufferFlushDelayMs tuning knob. Because there is no pre-1.3.0 flag that enables a queue bound, the only complete fix is the upgrade; until it can be applied, restrict the streaming/event-consumer endpoints to authenticated, trusted clients - consistent with the assessed PR:L prerequisite, since anonymous callers should not be able to establish task subscriptions at all - accepting that this reduces multi-tenant or public exposure of the streaming API, and monitor JVM heap and per-task queue depth for abnormal growth from stalled subscribers. After upgrading, operators whose transport needs shorter stream-termination latency can lower the flush delay via -Da2a.eventconsumer.bufferFlushDelayMs=<ms> (default 150, minimum 0), noting that a value of 0 skips the final flush delay entirely and may reduce delivery reliability on some transports. The vendor advisory and patch references are https://vuldb.com/vuln/427072 and https://github.com/a2aproject/a2a-java/pull/1040.

Affected VersionsENISA

a2a-java 1.2.0.Final

Affected Packages

euvd a2a_java no fix

Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)

Affects your stack

Affects 1 package in euvd

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

a2a-java is the Java server/client SDK implementing the A2A (agent-to-agent) protocol, and its server-common module carries the reactive event plumbing: an EventQueue publishes EventQueueItem objects through java.util.concurrent.Flow.Publisher to consumers, with a ChildQueue created per task/stream. The root cause class is CWE-400 (Uncontrolled Resource Consumption): the ChildQueue's backing store was instantiated as a plain LinkedBlockingDeque with no capacity bound, so a subscriber that stalls or drains slowly while the server keeps producing events causes the deque to grow without limit until heap pressure or OutOfMemoryError hits the JVM. The upstream patch addresses this by constructing the child deque with the same capacity as its parent queue (LinkedBlockingDeque<>(parent.getQueueSize())) and having internalEnqueueItem() detect a full queue and close the child immediately, converting an unbounded leak into a bounded, fail-fast condition. The same commit repairs a related permit leak: when mainEventBus.submit() throws a RuntimeException the event never reaches MainEventBusProcessor and therefore never triggers its finally-block releaseSemaphore(), so the semaphore is now released on that path to prevent all event processing for the task from eventually blocking. It also makes the once-per-stream final flush delay configurable through the system property a2a.eventconsumer.bufferFlushDelayMs (default 150 ms, negative or non-numeric values falling back to the default, clamped at a minimum of 0), allowing operators to trade flush reliability against stream-termination latency for their transport. The assessed vector (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L) confirms the attack is network-reachable but requires low-level authenticated access, that no confidentiality or integrity impact is expected, and that availability impact is partial.

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Severity by source

Vendor (VulDB) PRIMARY 5.3 MEDIUM
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
vuln.today AI 4.3 MEDIUM

Network-reachable, low-complexity, but needs authenticated session to enqueue events (PR:L); only partial availability impact from memory growth (A:L), no confidentiality or integrity effect.

3.1 AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L
4.0 AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Primary rating from Vendor (VulDB).

CVSS VectorVendor: VulDB

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Attack Requirements
None
Privileges Required
Low
User Interaction
None
Vulnerable system: Confidentiality
None
Vulnerable system: Integrity
None
Vulnerable system: Availability
Low
Subsequent system: Confidentiality
None
Subsequent system: Integrity
None
Subsequent system: Availability
None

DescriptionCVE.org

A security flaw has been discovered in a2aproject a2a-java up to 1.2.0.Final. The impacted element is the function queue.offer of the component ChildQueue. Performing a manipulation results in resource consumption. The attack can be initiated remotely. Upgrading to version 1.3.0.Final is sufficient to resolve this issue. The patch is named be663f806efcfdddd2805d214fae4998379ac5f2. It is advisable to upgrade the affected component.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.3%
Top 76% exploitable
Prevalence
Low
niche, recently released Java SDK for the A2A agent protocol
Data Quality
7 sources
Confidence: High

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity MEDIUM
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.3%
Patch available Yes
Active threat No
Deciding rule
MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Scheduled
Exploitation· derived
None
System Exposure· derived
Open
Automatable· derived
No
Human Impact· derived
Medium

Priority Score

26
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +26
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Denial of Service attacks render applications or systems unavailable by overwhelming resources or triggering failure conditions.

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