Severity by source
AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:H
Adjacent Bluetooth radio range (AV:A) with a simple crafted PDU (AC:L), no pairing/auth or interaction (PR:N/UI:N); memory disclosure/corruption gives C:L/I:L while the reliable outcome is a device crash (A:H).
Primary rating from Vendor (zephyr).
CVSS VectorVendor: zephyr
Lifecycle Timeline
3DescriptionCVE.org
The Classic (BR/EDR) L2CAP signaling handlers l2cap_br_conf_req() and l2cap_br_conf_rsp() in subsys/bluetooth/host/classic/l2cap_br.c validated the minimum command size against buf->len (the bytes remaining in the whole received PDU) instead of len (the per-command data length from the L2CAP signaling header). Because multiple signaling commands can be packed into one PDU, buf->len may exceed a command's len. An attacker can send a CONF_REQ command with a header length smaller than the configuration-request structure (e.g. 0), followed by another command so that buf->len still satisfies the check. The check then passes incorrectly and opt_len = len - sizeof(*req) underflows the uint16_t to a near-0xFFFF value. The configuration-option loop, which lacks an opt_len-versus-buf->len guard, then walks far past the end of the pooled ACL receive buffer using net_buf pull primitives that perform no runtime bounds check, producing an out-of-bounds read of host memory and, when the out-of-bounds option bytes encode an MTU or flush-timeout option, an out-of-bounds write. The BR/EDR signaling channel is processed before pairing/encryption and an L2CAP channel to an L0 service such as SDP can be opened without pairing, so an unauthenticated peer within radio range that can establish an ACL connection can trigger the flaw, leading to memory corruption and denial of service (host/device crash). The defect is present in released versions including v4.4.0. The fix validates against len instead of buf->len in both handlers.
AnalysisAI
Out-of-bounds read and write in the Zephyr RTOS Bluetooth Classic (BR/EDR) L2CAP signaling handlers (l2cap_br_conf_req/rsp) lets an unauthenticated peer within Bluetooth radio range corrupt host memory and crash the device, affecting released versions including v4.4.0. Because the handlers checked the whole-PDU length (buf->len) instead of the per-command length (len), a packed CONF_REQ with a tiny header length underflows opt_len to ~0xFFFF and walks the option-parsing loop past the pooled ACL receive buffer. No public exploit is identified at time of analysis; a vendor patch and GHSA advisory exist and EPSS/KEV data were not provided.
Technical ContextAI
The flaw lives in Zephyr's Bluetooth host stack, specifically the Classic BR/EDR L2CAP signaling layer in subsys/bluetooth/host/classic/l2cap_br.c. L2CAP signaling PDUs can carry multiple commands, each prefixed by a code/ident/length header; the correct bound for a single command's payload is the header 'len' field, not buf->len (bytes remaining in the entire PDU). The root cause is CWE-125 (out-of-bounds read): the minimum-size validation used buf->len, so a command declaring length 0 followed by a second command still satisfied the check. The subsequent computation opt_len = len - sizeof(*req) underflows the uint16_t, and the configuration-option loop uses net_buf pull primitives that perform no runtime bounds checking, so parsing runs off the end of the shared ACL receive buffer. When over-read option bytes happen to encode an MTU or flush-timeout option, the handler writes back, escalating the read into an out-of-bounds write. CPE cpe:2.3:a:zephyrproject:zephyr identifies the affected component as the Zephyr project itself.
RemediationAI
Patch available per vendor advisory: apply the upstream fix (commit 1d451683377f4c8e56d7718565bea7b5c1155159), which validates against the per-command len instead of buf->len in both l2cap_br_conf_req() and l2cap_br_conf_rsp(); consult GHSA-vrwx-p97q-8854 for the exact patched release corresponding to your Zephyr baseline, then rebuild and reflash affected firmware. Because a specific tagged fixed-version string was not provided in the input, confirm the patched tag from the advisory before deployment. Where firmware cannot be updated immediately, the most effective compensating control is to disable Bluetooth Classic (BR/EDR) support if the device only needs BLE, or to avoid exposing pre-pairing L0 services such as SDP; note the trade-off that disabling BR/EDR breaks any Classic-profile functionality (e.g. legacy audio/serial profiles). Reducing device discoverability/connectability and physically limiting radio exposure lowers opportunistic risk but does not close the vulnerability, since an attacker who can establish an ACL connection can still reach the signaling channel.
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Same weakness CWE-125 – Out-of-bounds Read
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External POC / Exploit Code
Leaving vuln.today
EUVD-2026-46449