What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-66031?

CVE-2025-66031 has a CVSS 4.0 base score of 8.7 (High). CVSS vector: CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N. EPSS exploitation probability: 0.1%.

Forge CVE-2025-66031

Q: How to fix or mitigate CVE-2025-66031?

Within 7 days: Identify all affected systems running JavaScript. An Uncontrolled Recursion vulnerability in node- and apply vendor patches promptly. Vendor patch is available.

HIGH

Uncontrolled Recursion (CWE-674)

2025-11-26 security-advisories@github.com

Information Disclosure Forge Digitalbazaar

8.7

CVSS 4.0 · Vendor: github

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Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness	CWE CWE-674 OWASP Top 10:2025 A06:2021 - Vulnerable and Outdated Components ASVS 5.0 V15 - Secure Coding and Architecture Recursion depth limits
Impact	CVSS score of 8.7 (HIGH). Attack characteristics: network attack vector, low complexity, no privileges required, no user interaction not required. EPSS exploitation probability: 0.14%.
Exploit ScenarioDerived	This vulnerability can be exploited remotely over the network. Successful exploitation could compromise the high-severity affected system.

This Week Schedule remediation this week. Why: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9).

Patch available 0.1% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Mar 28, 2026

Forge (also called node-forge) is a native implementation of Transport Layer Security in JavaScript. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.7), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity.

RemediationAI

A vendor patch is available. Apply the latest security update as soon as possible. Apply vendor patches when available. Implement network segmentation and monitoring as interim mitigations.

Affected Packages

npm node-forge fix: 1.3.2

Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)

Affects your stack

Affects 1 package in npm

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-674. Forge (also called node-forge) is a native implementation of Transport Layer Security in JavaScript. An Uncontrolled Recursion vulnerability in node-forge versions 1.3.1 and below enables remote, unauthenticated attackers to craft deep ASN.1 structures that trigger unbounded recursive parsing. This leads to a Denial-of-Service (DoS) via stack exhaustion when parsing untrusted DER inputs. This issue has been patched in version 1.3.2. Affected products include: Digitalbazaar Forge. Version information: version 1.3.2..

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Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources

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Severity by source

Vendor (github) PRIMARY 8.7 HIGH

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Red Hat 5.3 MEDIUM

Primary rating from Vendor (github).

CVSS VectorVendor: github

Attack Vector

Network

Attack Complexity

Low

Attack Requirements

None

Privileges Required

None

User Interaction

None

Vulnerable system: Confidentiality

None

Vulnerable system: Integrity

None

Vulnerable system: Availability

High

Subsequent system: Confidentiality

None

Subsequent system: Integrity

None

Subsequent system: Availability

None

Lifecycle Timeline

Patch released

Mar 28, 2026 - 19:24 nvd

Patch available

CVE Published

Nov 26, 2025 - 23:15 nvd

HIGH 8.7

DescriptionCVE.org

Forge (also called node-forge) is a native implementation of Transport Layer Security in JavaScript. An Uncontrolled Recursion vulnerability in node-forge versions 1.3.1 and below enables remote, unauthenticated attackers to craft deep ASN.1 structures that trigger unbounded recursive parsing. This leads to a Denial-of-Service (DoS) via stack exhaustion when parsing untrusted DER inputs. This issue has been patched in version 1.3.2.

Blast Radius

ecosystem impact

† from your stack dependencies † transitive graph · vuln.today resolves 4-path depth

966 npm packages depend on node-forge (16 direct, 950 indirect)

Ecosystem-wide dependent count for version 1.3.2.

Executive ViewAI

Why It Matters

Organizations using JavaScript. An Uncontrolled Recursion vulnerability in node-forge face significant risk from CVE-2025-66031 rated CVSS 8.7. Successful exploitation could significantly impact the confidentiality, integrity, or availability of affected systems. A patch is available and should be applied as part of regular vulnerability management.

Business Impact: Severe

Compensating Controls

Apply vendor patch. If immediate patching is not feasible: (1) Implement network-level access controls to limit exposure; (2) Enable enhanced monitoring and alerting; (3) Apply principle of least privilege.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score

0.1%

Top 67% exploitable

Data Quality

5 sources

Confidence: Medium

NVD

CVE.org

EPSS Vendor

GitHub

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue

Severity HIGH

CISA KEV No

Public POC No

EPSS 0.1%

Patch available Yes

Active threat No

Deciding rule

HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9)

What every action level means

Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.

Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.

This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.

This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.

Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived

Out-of-Cycle

Exploitation· derived

None

System Exposure· derived

Open

Automatable· derived

Yes

Human Impact

Very High

Priority Score

Low Medium High Critical

KEV: 0

EPSS: 0

CVSS: +44

PoC: 0

Weaponized: 0

Threat intel: 0

Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Information Disclosure MEDIUM

Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security.