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Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
CWE-122
OWASP Top 10:2025
A06:2021 - Vulnerable and Outdated Components
ASVS 5.0
V15 - Secure Coding and Architecture Heap buffer bounds checking
MITRE ATT&CK

1 technique across 1 tactic: Execution

The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up.

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Impact

Successful exploitation can lead to arbitrary code execution, denial of service, or privilege escalation depending on the memory layout and protections in place. With a CVSS score of 8.0 (HIGH), this represents a significant risk.
Exploit ScenarioDerived

An attacker sends an oversized input to a vulnerable function, overwriting the return address on the stack to redirect execution to attacker-controlled shellcode.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Why: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9).
Patch available 0.1% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Mar 16, 2026

Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows Media allows an unauthorized attacker to execute code over an adjacent network.

Earlier versions of this analysis (1)
v1 Mar 16, 2026 - 04:21 CVSS 8.0

RemediationAI

Use memory-safe languages or bounds-checked functions. Enable ASLR, DEP/NX, and stack canaries. Apply vendor patches promptly.

Affected VersionsENISA

Windows 10 Version 21H2 10.0.19044.0 <10.0.19044.6093
Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation) 10.0.17763.0 <10.0.17763.7558
Windows Server 2025 (Server Core installation) 10.0.26100.0 <10.0.26100.4652
Windows 10 Version 1607 10.0.14393.0 <10.0.14393.8246
Windows 11 Version 23H2 10.0.22631.0 <10.0.22631.5624
Windows Server 2022, 23H2 Edition (Server Core installation) 10.0.25398.0 <10.0.25398.1732
Windows Server 2025 10.0.26100.0 <10.0.26100.4652
Windows 10 Version 1809 10.0.17763.0 <10.0.17763.7558
Windows Server 2016 10.0.14393.0 <10.0.14393.8246
Windows 11 version 22H3 10.0.22631.0 <10.0.22631.5624
Windows 10 Version 22H2 10.0.19045.0 <10.0.19045.6093
Windows Server 2019 10.0.17763.0 <10.0.17763.7558
Windows 11 Version 24H2 10.0.26100.0 <10.0.26100.4652
Windows 10 Version 1507 10.0.10240.0 <10.0.10240.21073
Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation) 10.0.14393.0 <10.0.14393.8246
Windows Server 2022 10.0.20348.0 <10.0.20348.3932
Windows 11 version 22H2 10.0.22621.0 <10.0.22621.5624

Affected Packages

euvd windows_10_version_1507 fix: 10.0.10240.21073
euvd windows_10_version_1607 fix: 10.0.14393.8246
euvd windows_10_version_1809 fix: 10.0.17763.7558
euvd windows_10_version_21h2 fix: 10.0.19044.6093
euvd windows_10_version_22h2 fix: 10.0.19045.6093
euvd windows_11_version_22h2 fix: 10.0.22621.5624
euvd windows_11_version_22h3 fix: 10.0.22631.5624
euvd windows_11_version_23h2 fix: 10.0.22631.5624
euvd windows_11_version_24h2 fix: 10.0.26100.4652
euvd windows_server_2016 fix: 10.0.14393.8246
euvd windows_server_2016_server_core_installation fix: 10.0.14393.8246
euvd windows_server_2019 fix: 10.0.17763.7558
euvd windows_server_2019_server_core_installation fix: 10.0.17763.7558
euvd windows_server_2022 fix: 10.0.20348.3932
euvd windows_server_2022_23h2_edition_server_core_installation fix: 10.0.25398.1732
euvd windows_server_2025 fix: 10.0.26100.4652
euvd windows_server_2025_server_core_installation fix: 10.0.26100.4652

Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)

Affects your stack

Affects 17 packages in euvd

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

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Technical ContextAI · show details

A buffer overflow occurs when data written to a buffer exceeds its allocated size, potentially overwriting adjacent memory and corrupting program state. This vulnerability is classified as Heap-based Buffer Overflow (CWE-122).

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  • Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources
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Severity by source

NVD PRIMARY 8.0 HIGH
AV:A/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Primary rating from NVD · only source for this CVE.

CVSS VectorNVD

Attack Vector
Adjacent
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
Required
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High

Lifecycle Timeline

3
Analysis Updated
Apr 16, 2026 - 06:30 EUVD-patch-fix
executive summary
Patch available
Apr 16, 2026 - 05:29 EUVD
10.0.19044.6093,10.0.17763.7558,10.0.26100.4652
CVE Published
Jul 08, 2025 - 17:15 nvd
HIGH 8.0

Executive ViewAI

Why It Matters

CVE-2025-49691 is a heap-based buffer overflow in Windows Media with CVSS 8.0 that enables unauthenticated remote code execution from an adjacent network segment. Organizations running Windows Media services face potential compromise of affected systems without user interaction, directly threatening data confidentiality and system integrity across networked infrastructure.

Business Impact: High
Compensating Controls

Apply vendor patch.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.1%
Top 68% exploitable
Data Quality
4 sources
Confidence: Medium
EUVD NVD CVE.org EPSS

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity HIGH
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.1%
Patch available Yes
Active threat No
Deciding rule
HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Scheduled
Exploitation· derived
None
System Exposure· derived
Controlled
Automatable· derived
No
Human Impact
High

Priority Score

40
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +40
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Buffer Overflow HIGH

A buffer overflow occurs when a program writes more data to a memory buffer than it was allocated to hold, causing the excess data to spill into adjacent memory regions.

Heap Overflow HIGH

A heap overflow occurs when a program writes data beyond the bounds of a buffer allocated in the heap memory region.

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Same weakness CWE-122 – Heap-based Buffer Overflow

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Same technique Buffer Overflow

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References

Advisories & patches
ADVISORY https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2025-49691 ADVISORY https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-49691

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