Which versions of Java are affected by CVE-2025-1686?

CVE-2025-1686 presents moderate security risk rated CVSS 6.1. Exploitation could compromise the security of affected deployments. Proof-of-concept code is publicly available.

Is there a public PoC exploit available for CVE-2025-1686?

Yes, a public proof-of-concept exploit is available for CVE-2025-1686. Prioritise patching immediately. EPSS: 0.1%.

How to fix or mitigate CVE-2025-1686?

Within 30 days: Identify affected systems and apply vendor patches as part of regular patch cycle. Monitor vendor channels for patch availability.

Java CVE-2025-1686

Q: What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-1686?

CVE-2025-1686 has a CVSS 4.0 base score of 4.8 (Medium). CVSS vector: CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X. EPSS exploitation probability: 0.1%.

MEDIUM

External Control of File Name or Path (CWE-73)

2025-02-27 report@snyk.io

GHSA-p75g-cxfj-7wrx

Information Disclosure Java

4.8

CVSS 4.0 · NVD

Severity by source

NVD PRIMARY

4.8 MEDIUM

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X

Red Hat

6.8 MEDIUM

qualitative

Primary rating from NVD.

CVSS VectorNVD

CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:N/SA:N/E:P/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X

Attack Vector

Network

Attack Complexity

Low

Privileges Required

High

User Interaction

None

Scope

Lifecycle Timeline

CVSS changed

Apr 29, 2026 - 01:11 NVD

6.1 (MEDIUM) 4.8 (MEDIUM)

Analysis Generated

Mar 28, 2026 - 18:28 vuln.today

PoC Detected

Dec 19, 2025 - 16:15 vuln.today

Public exploit code

CVE Published

Feb 27, 2025 - 05:15 nvd

MEDIUM 6.1

Blast Radius

ecosystem impact

† from your stack dependencies † transitive graph · vuln.today resolves 4-path depth

95 maven packages depend on io.pebbletemplates:pebble (11 direct, 84 indirect)

Ecosystem-wide dependent count for version 3.2.3.

DescriptionCVE.org

All versions of the package io.pebbletemplates:pebble are vulnerable to External Control of File Name or Path via the include tag. A high privileged attacker can access sensitive local files by crafting malicious notification templates that leverage this tag to include files like /etc/passwd or /proc/1/environ. Workaround This vulnerability can be mitigated by disabling the include macro in Pebble Templates: java new PebbleEngine.Builder() .registerExtensionCustomizer(new DisallowExtensionCustomizerBuilder() .disallowedTokenParserTags(List.of("include")) .build()) .build();

AnalysisAI

All versions of the package io.pebbletemplates:pebble are vulnerable to External Control of File Name or Path via the include tag. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.

Technical ContextAI

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-73. All versions of the package io.pebbletemplates:pebble are vulnerable to External Control of File Name or Path via the include tag. A high privileged attacker can access sensitive local files by crafting malicious notification templates that leverage this tag to include files like /etc/passwd or /proc/1/environ. Workaround This vulnerability can be mitigated by disabling the include macro in Pebble Templates: java new PebbleEngine.Builder() .registerExtensionCustomizer(new DisallowExtensionCustomizerBuilder() .disallowedTokenParserTags(List.of("include")) .build()) .build(); Affected products include: Pebbletemplates Pebble.

RemediationAI

No vendor patch is available at time of analysis. Monitor vendor advisories for updates. Apply vendor patches when available. Implement network segmentation and monitoring as interim mitigations.