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LINE for iOS CVE-2025-14023

MEDIUM
User Interface (UI) Misrepresentation of Critical Information (CWE-451)
2025-12-15 dl_cve@linecorp.com
4.3
CVSS 3.1 · NVD
View

Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

  1. Access
    Send crafted link via LINE chat
  2. Delivery
    Victim opens link in in-app browser
  3. Exploit
    Trigger navigation/UI state inconsistency
  4. Execution
    Display spoofed trust context
  5. Impact
    Victim trusts page and discloses data

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A06:2025 - Insecure Design
ASVS 5.0
V3 - Web Frontend Security UI security representation
Exploitation Conditions

Exploitation requires a victim to open an attacker-supplied link inside the LINE for iOS in-app browser and to interact with the resulting page (UI:R); the flaw manifests only 'under specific conditions' where the in-app browser's navigation state and its displayed UI (address/trust indicators) fall out of sync. Limiting factors: it affects only the embedded in-app browser (not the OS/default browser), requires user interaction and social engineering to deliver and open the link, is unauthenticated but non-automatable, and yields only a spoofed trust context (I:L) - no direct code execution, credential capture, or data access occurs without the victim then acting on the deception. Only LINE for iOS prior to 15.19 is affected.

Impact

This is a genuinely LOW-priority issue despite affecting a very popular product. All signals agree: the CVSS 3.1 base score is only 4.3 (Medium), driven by AV:N/AC:L/PR:N but tempered by UI:R (victim interaction required), S:U, and an impact profile of C:N/I:L/A:N - the only impact is a low-integrity UI misrepresentation (CWE-451 spoofing), with no confidentiality or availability loss and no code execution. EPSS reinforces this at 0.18% (7th percentile), indicating very low predicted exploitation likelihood. There is no CISA KEV listing (not actively exploited) and no confirmed public exploit code - the sole reference is a HackerOne report, which documents the finding but does not by itself establish published weaponized exploit code. No signals conflict: a low CVSS, low EPSS, no KEV, and a spoofing-only impact all point the same direction. The note worth flagging is tag-level: the input Tag 'Information Disclosure' is inconsistent with the CVSS vector's C:N (no confidentiality impact) and with CWE-451 (UI spoofing), so this should be understood as a spoofing/phishing-enabler, not a data-leak bug.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

An attacker sends a crafted link to a victim via LINE chat; when the victim opens it in LINE's in-app browser, a mismatch between the actual navigation state and the rendered browser UI misrepresents the page's trust context (e.g. address or security indicators), making a malicious page appear legitimate to support a phishing or spoofing attack. Exploitation requires the victim to open the link and interact (UI:R), so it is opportunistic rather than automated. A HackerOne report exists, but no confirmed public exploit code was identified.

This Month Plan within 30 days. Why: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9).
No patch listed yet 0.2% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Oct 07, 2026

UI spoofing in LINE for iOS before version 15.19 lets remote, unauthenticated attackers present a misleading trust context inside the app's embedded in-app browser, which can cause a victim to believe a displayed page or interactive element belongs to a trusted origin. Exploitation requires the victim to open an attacker-supplied link within LINE's in-app browser and interact with the resulting page (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N, base score 4.3), and the flaw only manifests under specific conditions where the in-app browser's navigation state and its displayed UI fall out of sync; there is no code execution, credential capture or data access inherent to the bug itself. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, EPSS is 0.18% (7th percentile), and this remains a low-priority issue despite LINE's very large user base.

RemediationAI

Upgrade the LINE client for iOS to 15.19 or later (Vendor-released patch: 15.19), which corrects the navigation-state/UI mismatch in the embedded in-app browser; this is the only definitive fix and no vendor workaround is documented. As a compensating control, users can avoid opening untrusted or unexpected links inside LINE's in-app browser and instead open them in the system browser (Safari), which is not affected by this flaw - the trade-off is that link handling in the chat flow breaks, requiring manual copy-and-paste of URLs, and the measure depends entirely on user behavior rather than being enforceable by policy. Administrators who distribute LINE in managed iOS environments should enforce the minimum app version through MDM and remind users to treat in-app browser trust indicators with caution until devices are updated. Refer to https://hackerone.com/reports/3260386 for the vendor-disclosed details; no public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, so prioritization can remain low relative to higher-impact, actively exploited issues.

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Technical ContextAI · show details

The issue maps to CWE-451 (User Interface (UI) Misrepresentation of Critical Information) and concerns the WebView-based in-app browser embedded in LINE for iOS. In-app browsers are responsible for keeping their navigation state (the URL actually loaded, redirect history, origin) synchronized with the trust indicators they render to the user, such as the address/domain display and any other signals that communicate which site is being viewed. When that synchronization breaks, the UI can indicate a trusted destination while the content displayed comes from elsewhere, producing a spoofed trust context. The CPE entry cpe:2.3:a:linecorp:line:*:*:*:*:*:iphone_os:*:* confirms the defect is scoped to the iOS LINE client only, and it affects the embedded in-app browser rather than the operating system's default browser or its system-level protections. Delivery requires social engineering: a victim must open an attacker-supplied link inside LINE's in-app browser and then interact with the resulting page, so the attack is unauthenticated but not automatable, and the assessed impact is limited to integrity of trust information (I:L) with no confidentiality or availability effect. The low EPSS score (0.18%, 7th percentile) and the absence of public exploit code are consistent with the narrow, interaction-dependent exploitation conditions described in the vendor report.

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Severity by source

NVD PRIMARY 4.3 MEDIUM
AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
vuln.today AI 4.3 MEDIUM

Remotely delivered link, no authentication (PR:N), but victim must open and interact in the in-app browser (UI:R); impact is spoofing only, so C:N/I:L/A:N and scope unchanged.

3.1 AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:N
4.0 AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:A/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Primary rating from NVD.

CVSS VectorNVD

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
Required
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
None
Integrity
Low
Availability
None

DescriptionNVD

LINE client for iOS prior to 15.19 allows UI spoofing due to inconsistencies between the navigation state and the in-app browser's user interface, which could create confusion about the trust context of displayed pages or interactive elements under specific conditions.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.2%
Top 93% exploitable
Prevalence
High
extremely popular consumer messaging app, hundreds of millions of users in Asia
Data Quality
3 sources
Confidence: Low

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity MEDIUM
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.2%
Patch available No
Active threat No
Deciding rule
MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Scheduled
Exploitation· derived
None
System Exposure· derived
Open
Automatable· derived
No
Human Impact· derived
Medium

Priority Score

22
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +22
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security.

Affected Products (CPE)NVD

cpe:2.3:a:linecorp:line:*:*:*:*:*:iphone_os:*:*

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References

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