C. In CVE-2024-52811

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-670. The ngtcp2 project is an effort to implement IETF QUIC protocol in C. In affected versions acks are not validated before being written to the qlog leading to a buffer overflow. In ngtcp2_conn::conn_recv_pkt for an ACK, there was new logic that got added to skip conn_recv_ack if an ack has already been processed in the payload. However, this causes us to also skip ngtcp2_pkt_validate_ack. The ack which was skipped still got written to qlog. The bug occurs in ngtcp2_qlog::write_ack_frame. It is now possible to reach this code with an invalid ack, suppose largest_ack=0 and first_ack_range=15. Subtracting largest_ack - first_ack_range will lead to an integer underflow which is 20 chars long. However, the ngtcp2 qlog code assumes the number written is a signed integer and only accounts for 19 characters of overhead (see NGTCP2_QLOG_ACK_FRAME_RANGE_OVERHEAD). Therefore, we overwrite the buffer causing a heap overflow. This is high priority and could potentially impact many users if they enable qlog. qlog is disabled by default. Due to its overhead, it is most likely used for debugging purpose, but the actual use is unknown. ngtcp2 v1.9.1 fixes the bug and users are advised to upgrade. Users unable to upgrade should not turn on qlog.