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Parse Server CVE-2021-39187

HIGH
Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection') (CWE-74)
2021-09-02 security-advisories@github.com
Denial Of Service Node.js Parse Server Parseplatform
7.5
CVSS 3.1 · NVD
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Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
CWE-74
OWASP Top 10:2025
A05:2025 - Injection
ASVS 5.0
V1 - Encoding and Sanitization Input neutralization, injection prevention
Impact

CVSS score of 7.5 (HIGH). Attack characteristics: network attack vector, low complexity, no privileges required, no user interaction not required.
Exploit ScenarioDerived

This vulnerability can be exploited remotely over the network. Successful exploitation could compromise the high-severity affected system.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Why: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9).
Patch available 1.8% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAI

Parse Server is an open source backend that can be deployed to any infrastructure that can run Node.js. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity.

RemediationAI

A vendor patch is available. Apply the latest security update as soon as possible. Apply vendor patches when available. Implement network segmentation and monitoring as interim mitigations.

Affected Packages

npm parse-server fix: 4.10.3

Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)

Affects your stack

Affects 1 package in npm

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Technical ContextAI · show details

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-74. Parse Server is an open source backend that can be deployed to any infrastructure that can run Node.js. Prior to version 4.10.3, Parse Server crashes when if a query request contains an invalid value for the explain option. This is due to a bug in the MongoDB Node.js driver which throws an exception that Parse Server cannot catch. There is a patch for this issue in version 4.10.3. No workarounds aside from upgrading are known to exist. Affected products include: Parseplatform Parse-Server. Version information: version 4.10.3.

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  • Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources
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Severity by source

NVD PRIMARY 7.5 HIGH
AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

Primary rating from NVD · only source for this CVE.

CVSS VectorNVD

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
None
Integrity
None
Availability
High

DescriptionNVD

Parse Server is an open source backend that can be deployed to any infrastructure that can run Node.js. Prior to version 4.10.3, Parse Server crashes when if a query request contains an invalid value for the explain option. This is due to a bug in the MongoDB Node.js driver which throws an exception that Parse Server cannot catch. There is a patch for this issue in version 4.10.3. No workarounds aside from upgrading are known to exist.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
1.8%
Top 24% exploitable
Data Quality
3 sources
Confidence: Low
NVD CVE.org EPSS GitHub

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity HIGH
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 1.8%
Patch available Yes
Active threat No
Deciding rule
HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Scheduled
Exploitation· derived
None
System Exposure· derived
Open
Automatable· derived
Yes
Human Impact· derived
Medium

Priority Score

40
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: +2
CVSS: +38
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Denial of Service MEDIUM

Denial of Service attacks render applications or systems unavailable by overwhelming resources or triggering failure conditions.

Affected Products (CPE)NVD

cpe:2.3:a:parseplatform:parse-server:*:*:*:*:*:node.js:*:*

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Unauthenticated query injection in Parse Server before 9.6.0-alpha.12/8.6.38. PoC available.
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### Impact Parse Server's built-in OAuth2 auth adapter exports a singleton instance that is reused directly across all

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SQL injection in Parse Server before 9.6.0-alpha.2/8.6.28.
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SQL injection in Parse Server before 9.6.0-alpha.5/8.6.31.
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Same weakness CWE-74 – Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')

View all
CVE-2019-2725 CRITICAL POC
9.8
CVE-2013-2251 CRITICAL POC
9.8
CVE-2022-27924 HIGH POC
7.5
CVE-2016-4010 CRITICAL POC
9.8
CVE-2015-1592 HIGH POC
7.5
CVE-2025-20281 CRITICAL POC
10.0
CVE-2015-7309 MEDIUM POC
6.5
CVE-2014-8423 CRITICAL POC
10.0

Same technique Denial Of Service

View all
CVE-2015-5119 CRITICAL POC
9.8
CVE-2011-2462 CRITICAL POC
9.8
CVE-2011-0611 HIGH POC
8.8
CVE-2012-1889 HIGH POC
8.8
CVE-2012-0507 CRITICAL POC
9.8
CVE-2014-1761 HIGH POC
7.8
CVE-2015-5122 CRITICAL POC
9.8
CVE-2011-0609 HIGH POC
7.8

References

Advisories & patches
PATCH https://github.com/parse-community/parse-server/commit/308668c89474223e2448be92d6823b52c1c313ec PATCH https://jira.mongodb.org/browse/NODE-3463 REF https://github.com/parse-community/parse-server/releases/tag/4.10.3 REF https://github.com/parse-community/parse-server/security/advisories/GHSA-xqp8-w826-hh6x

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