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Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
CWE-502
OWASP Top 10:2025
A08:2025 - Software or Data Integrity Failures
ASVS 5.0
V1 - Encoding and Sanitization Safe deserialization, type allowlists
MITRE ATT&CK

2 techniques across 2 tactics: Execution, Initial Access

The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up.

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Impact

CVSS score of 6.3 (MEDIUM). Attack characteristics: network attack vector, high complexity, low privileges required, no user interaction not required. Public proof-of-concept exploit code is available.
Exploit ScenarioDerived

A remote attacker could execute arbitrary code through malicious serialized objects by sending crafted requests to the affected application.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Why: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9).
Patch available 5.9% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAI

XStream is a simple library to serialize objects to XML and back again. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. Public exploit code available.

RemediationAI

A vendor patch is available. Apply the latest security update as soon as possible. Avoid deserializing untrusted data. Use safe serialization formats (JSON). Implement integrity checks and type allowlists.

Affected Packages

maven com.thoughtworks.xstream:xstream fix: 1.4.18

Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)

Affects your stack

Affects 1 package in maven

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

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Technical ContextAI · show details

This vulnerability is classified as Deserialization of Untrusted Data (CWE-502), which allows attackers to execute arbitrary code through malicious serialized objects. XStream is a simple library to serialize objects to XML and back again. In affected versions this vulnerability may allow a remote attacker to allocate 100% CPU time on the target system depending on CPU type or parallel execution of such a payload resulting in a denial of service only by manipulating the processed input stream. No user is affected, who followed the recommendation to setup XStream's security framework with a whitelist limited to the minimal required types. XStream 1.4.18 uses no longer a blacklist by default, since it cannot be secured for general purpose. Affected products include: Xstream, Debian Debian Linux, Fedoraproject Fedora, Netapp Snapmanager, Oracle Business Activity Monitoring.

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  • Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources
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Severity by source

NVD PRIMARY 6.3 MEDIUM
AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:N/A:H

Primary rating from NVD · only source for this CVE.

CVSS VectorNVD

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
High
Privileges Required
Low
User Interaction
None
Scope
Changed
Confidentiality
None
Integrity
None
Availability
High

DescriptionNVD

XStream is a simple library to serialize objects to XML and back again. In affected versions this vulnerability may allow a remote attacker to allocate 100% CPU time on the target system depending on CPU type or parallel execution of such a payload resulting in a denial of service only by manipulating the processed input stream. No user is affected, who followed the recommendation to setup XStream's security framework with a whitelist limited to the minimal required types. XStream 1.4.18 uses no longer a blacklist by default, since it cannot be secured for general purpose.

Blast Radius

ecosystem impact
† from your stack dependencies † transitive graph · vuln.today resolves 4-path depth
  • 1,776 maven packages depend on com.thoughtworks.xstream:xstream (204 direct, 1,575 indirect)

Ecosystem-wide dependent count for version 1.4.18.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
5.9%
Top 8% exploitable
Exploit
POC
Public exploit code exists
Data Quality
4 sources
Confidence: Medium
NVD CVE.org EPSS GitHub

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity MEDIUM
CISA KEV No
Public POC Yes
EPSS 5.9%
Patch available Yes
Active threat No
Deciding rule
MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Scheduled
Exploitation· derived
Poc
System Exposure· derived
Open
Automatable· derived
No
Human Impact· derived
Medium

Priority Score

58
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: +6
CVSS: +32
PoC: +20
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Insecure Deserialization CRITICAL

Insecure deserialization occurs when an application converts serialized data (a stream of bytes representing an object's state) back into a living object without proper validation.

Denial of Service MEDIUM

Denial of Service attacks render applications or systems unavailable by overwhelming resources or triggering failure conditions.

Affected Products (CPE)NVD

cpe:2.3:a:xstream:xstream:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:debian:debian_linux:9.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:debian:debian_linux:10.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:debian:debian_linux:11.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:fedoraproject:fedora:33:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:fedoraproject:fedora:34:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:o:fedoraproject:fedora:35:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:netapp:snapmanager:-:*:*:*:*:oracle:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:netapp:snapmanager:-:*:*:*:*:sap:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:business_activity_monitoring:12.2.1.4.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:commerce_guided_search:11.3.2:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:communications_billing_and_revenue_management_elastic_charging_engine:11.3:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:communications_billing_and_revenue_management_elastic_charging_engine:12.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:communications_cloud_native_core_automated_test_suite:1.9.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:communications_cloud_native_core_binding_support_function:1.10.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:communications_cloud_native_core_policy:1.14.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:communications_unified_inventory_management:7.3.4:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:communications_unified_inventory_management:7.3.5:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:communications_unified_inventory_management:7.4.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:communications_unified_inventory_management:7.4.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
+ 16 more

More in Xstream

View all
CVE-2020-26217 HIGH POC
8.8 Nov 16

XStream before version 1.4.14 is vulnerable to Remote Code Execution.The vulnerability may allow a remote attacker to ru
CVE-2021-21351 CRITICAL POC
9.1 Mar 23

XStream is a Java library to serialize objects to XML and back again. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.1), this vulnerabi
CVE-2021-21346 CRITICAL POC
9.8 Mar 23

XStream is a Java library to serialize objects to XML and back again. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerabi
CVE-2021-21344 CRITICAL POC
9.8 Mar 23

XStream is a Java library to serialize objects to XML and back again. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerabi
CVE-2021-21345 CRITICAL POC
9.9 Mar 23

XStream is a Java library to serialize objects to XML and back again. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.9), this vulnerabi
CVE-2021-29505 HIGH POC
8.8 May 28

XStream is software for serializing Java objects to XML and back again. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerabili
CVE-2020-26258 HIGH POC
7.7 Dec 16

XStream is a Java library to serialize objects to XML and back again. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.7), this vulnerability
CVE-2020-26259 MEDIUM POC
6.8 Dec 16

XStream is a Java library to serialize objects to XML and back again. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.8), this vulnerabili
CVE-2021-21341 HIGH POC
7.5 Mar 23

XStream is a Java library to serialize objects to XML and back again. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability
CVE-2021-21342 CRITICAL POC
9.1 Mar 23

XStream is a Java library to serialize objects to XML and back again. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.1), this vulnerabi
CVE-2021-21349 HIGH POC
8.6 Mar 23

XStream is a Java library to serialize objects to XML and back again. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.6), this vulnerability
CVE-2021-21343 HIGH POC
7.5 Mar 23

XStream is a Java library to serialize objects to XML and back again. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability

Same weakness CWE-502 – Deserialization of Untrusted Data

View all
CVE-2021-35464 CRITICAL POC
9.8
CVE-2020-10189 CRITICAL POC
9.8
CVE-2019-18935 CRITICAL POC
9.8
CVE-2015-7450 CRITICAL POC
9.8
CVE-2025-53770 CRITICAL POC
9.8
CVE-2020-7961 CRITICAL POC
9.8
CVE-2021-42237 CRITICAL POC
9.8
CVE-2025-24016 CRITICAL POC
9.9

Same technique Denial Of Service

View all
CVE-2015-5119 CRITICAL POC
9.8
CVE-2011-2462 CRITICAL POC
9.8
CVE-2011-0611 HIGH POC
8.8
CVE-2012-1889 HIGH POC
8.8
CVE-2012-0507 CRITICAL POC
9.8
CVE-2014-1761 HIGH POC
7.8
CVE-2015-5122 CRITICAL POC
9.8
CVE-2011-0609 HIGH POC
7.8

References

Advisories & patches
PATCH https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuapr2022.html PATCH https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujan2022.html PATCH https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujul2022.html REF https://github.com/x-stream/xstream/security/advisories/GHSA-6wf9-jmg9-vxcc REF https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2021/09/msg00017.html REF https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/22KVR6B5IZP3BGQ3HPWIO2FWWCKT3DHP/ REF https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/PVPHZA7VW2RRSDCOIPP2W6O5ND254TU7/ REF https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/package-announce%40lists.fedoraproject.org/message/QGXIU3YDPG6OGTDHMBLAFN7BPBERXREB/ REF https://security.netapp.com/advisory/ntap-20210923-0003/ REF https://www.debian.org/security/2021/dsa-5004

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