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Vcenter Server CVE-2021-21972

CRITICAL
Path Traversal (CWE-22)
2021-02-24 security@vmware.com
RCE Path Traversal VMware Cloud Foundation Vcenter Server
9.8
CVSS 3.1 · NVD
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Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
CWE-22
OWASP Top 10:2025
A01:2025 - Broken Access Control
ASVS 5.0
V5 - File Handling Path canonicalization, traversal prevention
MITRE ATT&CK

2 techniques across 2 tactics: Discovery, Collection

The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up.

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Impact

CVSS score of 9.8 (CRITICAL). Attack characteristics: network attack vector, low complexity, no privileges required, no user interaction not required. Public proof-of-concept exploit code is available.
Exploit ScenarioDerived

A remote attacker could access files and directories outside the intended path by sending crafted requests to the affected application. No authentication is required to exploit this vulnerability.
Emergency Immediate action required. Why: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited), no patch available.
Exploited in the wild (CISA KEV) No patch listed yet 99.6% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAI

The vSphere Client (HTML5) contains a remote code execution vulnerability in a vCenter Server plugin. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.

RemediationAI

No vendor patch is available at time of analysis. Monitor vendor advisories for updates. Validate and canonicalize file paths. Use chroot or sandboxing. Reject input containing path separators or '../' sequences.

Affects your stack

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Technical ContextAI · show details

This vulnerability is classified as Path Traversal (CWE-22), which allows attackers to access files and directories outside the intended path. The vSphere Client (HTML5) contains a remote code execution vulnerability in a vCenter Server plugin. A malicious actor with network access to port 443 may exploit this issue to execute commands with unrestricted privileges on the underlying operating system that hosts vCenter Server. This affects VMware vCenter Server (7.x before 7.0 U1c, 6.7 before 6.7 U3l and 6.5 before 6.5 U3n) and VMware Cloud Foundation (4.x before 4.2 and 3.x before 3.10.1.2). Affected products include: Vmware Cloud Foundation, Vmware Vcenter Server. Version information: before 7.0.

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  • Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources
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Severity by source

NVD PRIMARY 9.8 CRITICAL
AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Primary rating from NVD · only source for this CVE.

CVSS VectorNVD

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High

Lifecycle Timeline

2
Added to CISA KEV
Jul 14, 2026 - 04:22 CISA
CVE Published
Feb 24, 2021 - 17:15 nvd
CRITICAL 9.8

DescriptionNVD

The vSphere Client (HTML5) contains a remote code execution vulnerability in a vCenter Server plugin. A malicious actor with network access to port 443 may exploit this issue to execute commands with unrestricted privileges on the underlying operating system that hosts vCenter Server. This affects VMware vCenter Server (7.x before 7.0 U1c, 6.7 before 6.7 U3l and 6.5 before 6.5 U3n) and VMware Cloud Foundation (4.x before 4.2 and 3.x before 3.10.1.2).

Threat Intelligence Overview

Threat Score
7.9/10
Composite threat intelligence
EPSS Score
99.6%
Top 0% exploitable
Exploit
POC
Public exploit code exists
Data Quality
6 sources
Confidence: High
NVD CVE.org CISA KEV EPSS POC (2) Exploit-DB VulDB

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity CRITICAL
CISA KEV Yes
Public POC Yes
EPSS 99.6%
Patch available No
Active threat Yes
Deciding rule
CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited), no patch available
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Immediate
Exploitation· derived
Active
System Exposure· derived
Open
Automatable· derived
Yes
Human Impact· derived
High

Priority Score

234
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: +50
EPSS: +100
CVSS: +49
PoC: +20
Weaponized: +15
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Path Traversal HIGH

Path traversal exploits occur when applications use user-controlled input to construct file system paths without proper validation.

Remote Code Execution CRITICAL

Remote Code Execution represents the critical moment when an attacker successfully runs arbitrary code on a target system without physical access.

Affected Products (CPE)NVD

cpe:2.3:a:vmware:cloud_foundation:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:vmware:cloud_foundation:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:vmware:vcenter_server:6.5:-:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:vmware:vcenter_server:6.5:a:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:vmware:vcenter_server:6.5:b:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:vmware:vcenter_server:6.5:c:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:vmware:vcenter_server:6.5:d:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:vmware:vcenter_server:6.5:e:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:vmware:vcenter_server:6.5:f:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:vmware:vcenter_server:6.5:update1d:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:vmware:vcenter_server:6.5:update1e:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:vmware:vcenter_server:6.5:update1g:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:vmware:vcenter_server:6.5:update2:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:vmware:vcenter_server:6.5:update2b:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:vmware:vcenter_server:6.5:update2c:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:vmware:vcenter_server:6.5:update2d:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:vmware:vcenter_server:6.5:update2g:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:vmware:vcenter_server:6.5:update3:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:vmware:vcenter_server:6.5:update3d:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:vmware:vcenter_server:6.5:update3f:*:*:*:*:*:*
+ 23 more

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Same weakness CWE-22 – Path Traversal

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Same technique RCE

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CVE-2022-47966 CRITICAL POC
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CVE-2012-4681 CRITICAL POC
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CVE-2023-3519 CRITICAL POC
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CVE-2015-5119 CRITICAL POC
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CVE-2016-4117 CRITICAL POC
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CVE-2015-3113 CRITICAL POC
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References

Advisories & patches
ADVISORY https://vuldb.com/vuln/170377 ADVISORY https://www.vmware.com/security/advisories/VMSA-2021-0002.html REF https://www.cisa.gov/known-exploited-vulnerabilities-catalog?field_cve=CVE-2021-21972

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