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Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
CWE-94
OWASP Top 10:2025
A05:2025 - Injection
ASVS 5.0
V1 - Encoding and Sanitization Code injection prevention, sandbox exec
MITRE ATT&CK

2 techniques across 2 tactics: Execution, Initial Access

The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up.

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Impact

CVSS score of 9.8 (CRITICAL). Attack characteristics: network attack vector, low complexity, no privileges required, no user interaction not required.
Exploit ScenarioDerived

A remote attacker could inject and execute arbitrary code within the application by sending crafted requests to the affected application. No authentication is required to exploit this vulnerability.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Why: CRITICAL severity.
Patch available 94.8% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAI

It was found that xstream API version 1.4.10 before 1.4.11 introduced a regression for a previous deserialization flaw. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. This Code Injection vulnerability could allow attackers to inject and execute arbitrary code within the application.

RemediationAI

A vendor patch is available. Apply the latest security update as soon as possible. Never evaluate user-controlled input as code. Use sandboxing, disable dangerous functions, apply strict input validation.

Affected Packages

maven com.thoughtworks.xstream:xstream fix: 1.4.11

Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)

Affects your stack

Affects 1 package in maven

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

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Technical ContextAI · show details

This vulnerability is classified as Code Injection (CWE-94), which allows attackers to inject and execute arbitrary code within the application. It was found that xstream API version 1.4.10 before 1.4.11 introduced a regression for a previous deserialization flaw. If the security framework has not been initialized, it may allow a remote attacker to run arbitrary shell commands when unmarshalling XML or any supported format. e.g. JSON. (regression of CVE-2013-7285) Affected products include: Xstream, Oracle Banking Platform, Oracle Business Activity Monitoring, Oracle Communications Billing And Revenue Management Elastic Charging Engine, Oracle Communications Diameter Signaling Router. Version information: version 1.4.10.

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  • Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources
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Severity by source

NVD PRIMARY 9.8 CRITICAL
AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

Primary rating from NVD · only source for this CVE.

CVSS VectorNVD

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
None
Scope
Unchanged
Confidentiality
High
Integrity
High
Availability
High

DescriptionNVD

It was found that xstream API version 1.4.10 before 1.4.11 introduced a regression for a previous deserialization flaw. If the security framework has not been initialized, it may allow a remote attacker to run arbitrary shell commands when unmarshalling XML or any supported format. e.g. JSON. (regression of CVE-2013-7285)

Blast Radius

ecosystem impact
† from your stack dependencies † transitive graph · vuln.today resolves 4-path depth
  • 2,085 maven packages depend on com.thoughtworks.xstream:xstream (280 direct, 1,818 indirect)

Ecosystem-wide dependent count for version 1.4.10.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
94.8%
Top 0% exploitable
Data Quality
2 sources
Confidence: Low
NVD CVE.org EPSS

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity CRITICAL
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 94.8%
Patch available Yes
Active threat No
Deciding rule
CRITICAL severity
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Scheduled
Exploitation· derived
None
System Exposure· derived
Open
Automatable· derived
Yes
Human Impact· derived
Medium

Priority Score

144
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: +95
CVSS: +49
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Insecure Deserialization CRITICAL

Insecure deserialization occurs when an application converts serialized data (a stream of bytes representing an object's state) back into a living object without proper validation.

Code Injection CRITICAL

Code injection occurs when an application accepts user input and passes it directly into a language interpreter or evaluator without proper sanitization.

Remote Code Execution CRITICAL

Remote Code Execution represents the critical moment when an attacker successfully runs arbitrary code on a target system without physical access.

Affected Products (CPE)NVD

cpe:2.3:a:xstream:xstream:1.4.10:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:banking_platform:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:banking_platform:2.4.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:banking_platform:2.7.1:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:banking_platform:2.9.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:business_activity_monitoring:11.1.1.9.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:business_activity_monitoring:12.2.1.3.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:business_activity_monitoring:12.2.1.4.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:communications_billing_and_revenue_management_elastic_charging_engine:11.3.0.9.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:communications_billing_and_revenue_management_elastic_charging_engine:12.0.0.3.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:communications_diameter_signaling_router:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:communications_unified_inventory_management:7.3.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:communications_unified_inventory_management:7.4.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:endeca_information_discovery_studio:3.2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:endeca_information_discovery_studio:3.2.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:retail_xstore_point_of_service:17.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:utilities_framework:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:utilities_framework:2.2.0.0.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:utilities_framework:4.2.0.2.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
cpe:2.3:a:oracle:utilities_framework:4.2.0.3.0:*:*:*:*:*:*:*
+ 4 more

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CVE-2021-29505 HIGH POC
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XStream is software for serializing Java objects to XML and back again. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerabili
CVE-2020-26258 HIGH POC
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XStream is a Java library to serialize objects to XML and back again. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.7), this vulnerability
CVE-2020-26259 MEDIUM POC
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XStream is a Java library to serialize objects to XML and back again. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.8), this vulnerabili
CVE-2021-21341 HIGH POC
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XStream is a Java library to serialize objects to XML and back again. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability
CVE-2021-21342 CRITICAL POC
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XStream is a Java library to serialize objects to XML and back again. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.1), this vulnerabi
CVE-2021-21349 HIGH POC
8.6 Mar 23

XStream is a Java library to serialize objects to XML and back again. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.6), this vulnerability
CVE-2021-21343 HIGH POC
7.5 Mar 23

XStream is a Java library to serialize objects to XML and back again. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability

Same weakness CWE-94 – Code Injection

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CVE-2014-6287 CRITICAL POC
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CVE-2017-7494 CRITICAL POC
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CVE-2017-9822 HIGH POC
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Same technique RCE

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CVE-2021-44228 CRITICAL POC
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CVE-2017-7269 CRITICAL POC
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CVE-2022-47966 CRITICAL POC
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CVE-2012-4681 CRITICAL POC
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CVE-2015-5119 CRITICAL POC
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CVE-2016-4117 CRITICAL POC
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CVE-2015-3113 CRITICAL POC
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References

Advisories & patches
PATCH https://www.oracle.com//security-alerts/cpujul2021.html PATCH https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuApr2021.html REF http://x-stream.github.io/changes.html#1.4.11 REF https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:3892 REF https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2019:4352 REF https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2020:0445 REF https://access.redhat.com/errata/RHSA-2020:0727 REF https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=CVE-2019-10173 REF https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuapr2020.html REF https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpujan2021.html REF https://www.oracle.com/security-alerts/cpuoct2020.html

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