Information Disclosure
Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security.
How It Works
Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security. This happens through multiple channels: verbose error messages that display stack traces revealing internal paths and frameworks, improperly secured debug endpoints left active in production, and misconfigured servers that expose directory listings or version control artifacts like .git folders. APIs often leak excessive data in responses—returning full user objects when only a name is needed, or revealing system internals through metadata fields.
Attackers exploit these exposures systematically. They probe for common sensitive files (.env, config.php, backup archives), trigger error conditions to extract framework details, and analyze response timing or content differences to enumerate valid usernames or resources. Even subtle variations—like "invalid password" versus "user not found"—enable account enumeration. Exposed configuration files frequently contain database credentials, API keys, or internal service URLs that unlock further attack vectors.
The attack flow typically starts with passive reconnaissance: examining HTTP headers, JavaScript bundles, and public endpoints for version information and architecture clues. Active probing follows—testing predictable paths, manipulating parameters to trigger exceptions, and comparing responses across similar requests to identify information leakage patterns.
Impact
- Credential compromise: Exposed configuration files, hardcoded secrets in source code, or API keys enable direct authentication bypass
- Attack surface mapping: Stack traces, framework versions, and internal paths help attackers craft targeted exploits for known vulnerabilities
- Data breach: Direct exposure of user data, payment information, or proprietary business logic through oversharing APIs or accessible backups
- Privilege escalation pathway: Internal URLs, service discovery information, and architecture details facilitate lateral movement and SSRF attacks
- Compliance violations: GDPR, PCI-DSS, and HIPAA penalties for exposing regulated data through preventable disclosures
Real-World Examples
A major Git repository exposure affected thousands of websites when .git folders remained accessible on production servers, allowing attackers to reconstruct entire source code histories including deleted commits containing credentials. Tools like GitDumper automated mass exploitation of this misconfiguration.
Cloud storage misconfigurations have repeatedly exposed sensitive data when companies left S3 buckets or Azure Blob containers publicly readable. One incident exposed 150 million voter records because verbose API error messages revealed the storage URL structure, and no authentication was required.
Framework debug modes left enabled in production have caused numerous breaches. Django's DEBUG=True setting exposed complete stack traces with database queries and environment variables, while Laravel's debug pages revealed encryption keys through the APP_KEY variable in environment dumps.
Mitigation
- Generic error pages: Return uniform error messages to users; log detailed exceptions server-side only
- Disable debug modes: Enforce production configurations that suppress stack traces, verbose logging, and debug endpoints through deployment automation
- Access control audits: Restrict or remove development artifacts (
.git, backup files,phpinfo()) and internal endpoints before deployment - Response minimization: API responses should return only necessary fields; implement allowlists rather than blocklists for data exposure
- Security headers: Deploy
X-Content-Type-Options, remove server version banners, and disable directory indexing - Timing consistency: Ensure authentication and validation responses take uniform time regardless of input validity
Recent CVEs (68878)
Versions of the package jsrsasign before 11.0.0 are vulnerable to Observable Discrepancy via the RSA PKCS1.5 or RSAOAEP decryption process. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.9), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. Public exploit code available.
YonBIP v3_23.05 was discovered to contain an arbitrary file read vulnerability via the nc.bs.framework.comn.serv.CommonServletDispatcher component. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Consensys Discovery versions less than 0.4.5 uses the same AES/GCM nonce for the entire session. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
DependencyCheck for Maven 9.0.0 to 9.0.6, for CLI version 9.0.0 to 9.0.5, and for Ant versions 9.0.0 to 9.0.5, when used in debug mode, allows an attacker to recover the NVD API Key from a log file. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Exposure of sensitive information in exceptions in ClichHouse's clickhouse-r2dbc, com.clickhouse:clickhouse-jdbc, and com.clickhouse:clickhouse-client versions less than 0.4.6 allows unauthorized. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
AWS Encryption SDK for Java versions 2.0.0 to 2.2.0 and less than 1.9.0 incorrectly validates some invalid ECDSA signatures. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity.
Enonic XP versions less than 7.7.4 are vulnerable to a session fixation issue. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity.
JupyterLab is an extensible environment for interactive and reproducible computing, based on the Jupyter Notebook and Architecture. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity.
Vite is a frontend tooling framework for javascript. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
A vulnerability classified as problematic was found in ForU CMS up to 2020-06-23. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
swftools 0.9.2 was discovered to contain an Out-of-bounds Read vulnerability via the function dict_do_lookup in swftools/lib/q.c:1190. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
swftools 0.9.2 was discovered to contain a heap-use-after-free vulnerability via the function removeFromTo at swftools/src/swfc.c:838. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A vulnerability classified as critical was found in D-Link DAP-1360, DIR-300, DIR-615, DIR-615GF, DIR-615S, DIR-615T, DIR-620, DIR-620S, DIR-806A, DIR-815, DIR-815AC, DIR-815S, DIR-816, DIR-820,. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
swftools 0.9.2 was discovered to contain a heap-use-after-free via the function bufferWriteData in swftools/lib/action/compile.c. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
openvswitch 2.17.8 was discovered to contain a memory leak via the function xmalloc__ in openvswitch-2.17.8/lib/util.c. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability classified as problematic has been found in Byzoro Smart S150 Management Platform V31R02B15. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor vulnerability in Wpmet Wp Social Login and Register Social Counter.9.0. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Generation of Error Message Containing Sensitive Information vulnerability in Apache Tomcat.5.7 through 8.5.63, from 9.0.0-M11 through 9.0.43. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity.
jupyter-lsp is a coding assistance tool for JupyterLab (code navigation + hover suggestions + linters + autocompletion + rename) using Language Server Protocol. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity.
Nextcloud files Zip app is a tool to create zip archives from one or multiple files from within Nextcloud. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity.
Nextcloud guests app is a utility to create guest users which can only see files shared with them. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity.
Nextcloud server is a self hosted personal cloud system. Rated low severity (CVSS 3.7), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required.
Ursa is a cryptographic library for use with blockchains. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Ursa is a cryptographic library for use with blockchains. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Vulnerability in Oracle Audit Vault and Database Firewall (component: Firewall). Rated high severity (CVSS 7.6), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable.
Vulnerability in the Oracle Solaris product of Oracle Systems (component: Filesystem). Rated low severity (CVSS 3.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Exposure of Sensitive Information vulnerability could allow attackers to access sensitive data that should not be disclosed.
Vulnerability in the Oracle ZFS Storage Appliance Kit product of Oracle Systems (component: Core). Rated low severity (CVSS 2.3), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Exposure of Sensitive Information vulnerability could allow attackers to access sensitive data that should not be disclosed.
Vulnerability in Oracle Audit Vault and Database Firewall (component: Firewall). Rated low severity (CVSS 3.0), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. This Exposure of Sensitive Information vulnerability could allow attackers to access sensitive data that should not be disclosed.
Vulnerability in the Oracle Business Intelligence Enterprise Edition product of Oracle Analytics (component: Pod Admin). Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.0), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. This Exposure of Sensitive Information vulnerability could allow attackers to access sensitive data that should not be disclosed.
A vulnerability classified as problematic has been found in Totolink T8 4.1.5cu.833_20220905. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A vulnerability was found in GnuTLS. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A Weak Cryptography for Passwords vulnerability has been detected on WIC200 affecting version 1.1. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A use-after-free flaw was found in the Linux Kernel. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Use After Free vulnerability could allow attackers to access freed memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.
fastify-swagger-ui is a Fastify plugin for serving Swagger UI. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity.
Improper cleanup vulnerability in exceptions thrown in FireEye Endpoint Security, affecting version 5.2.0.958244. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Remote file inclusion vulnerability in FireEye Central Management affecting version 9.1.1.956704. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Acrobat Reader T5 (MSFT Edge) versions 120.0.2210.91 and earlier are affected by an Improper Input Validation vulnerability. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity.
Acrobat Reader T5 (MSFT Edge) versions 120.0.2210.91 and earlier are affected by an Improper Input Validation vulnerability. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity.
Insufficient technical documentation issue exists in thermal camera TMC series all firmware versions. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.6), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability classified as problematic has been found in Huaxia ERP up to 3.1. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability was found in Huaxia ERP up to 3.1. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Chromium Embedded Framework (CEF) is a simple framework for embedding Chromium-based browsers in other applications.`CefVideoConsumerOSR::OnFrameCaptured` does not check `pixel_format` properly,. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
An access control issue in QStar Archive Solutions Release RELEASE_3-0 Build 7 Patch 0 allows unauthenticated attackers to arbitrarily disable the SMB service on a victim's Qstar instance by. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A session management issue was addressed with improved checks. Rated low severity (CVSS 2.4), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
CEF (Chromium Embedded Framework ) is a simple framework for embedding Chromium-based browsers in other applications. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. Public exploit code available.
A vulnerability was found in code-projects Dormitory Management System 1.0. Rated low severity (CVSS 3.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
NVIDIA DGX A100 SBIOS contains a vulnerability where an attacker may cause an SMI callout vulnerability that could be used to execute arbitrary code at the SMM level. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5). No vendor patch available.
NVIDIA DGX A100 SBIOS contains a vulnerability where a local attacker can cause input validation checks to be bypassed by causing an integer overflow. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.6). No vendor patch available.
NVIDIA DGX A100 BMC contains a vulnerability where a user may cause a missing authentication issue for a critical function by an adjacent network . Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
NVIDIA DGX Station A100 and DGX Station A800 SBIOS contains a vulnerability where a user may cause a heap-based buffer overflow by local access. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.2), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
NVIDIA DGX A100 BMC contains a vulnerability in the host KVM daemon, where an unauthenticated attacker may cause a stack overflow by sending a specially crafted network packet. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.3), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
NVIDIA DGX A100 baseboard management controller (BMC) contains a vulnerability in the host KVM daemon, where an unauthenticated attacker may cause a stack overflow by sending a specially crafted. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.3), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
NVIDIA DGX A100 BMC contains a vulnerability where an attacker may cause an LDAP user injection. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
NVIDIA DGX A100 BMC contains a vulnerability in the host KVM daemon, where an unauthenticated attacker may cause stack memory corruption by sending a specially crafted network packet. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.0), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
NVIDIA Triton Inference Server for Linux and Windows contains a vulnerability where, when it is launched with the non-default command line option --model-control explicit, an attacker may use the. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. No vendor patch available.
The Real-Time Streaming Protocol implementation in the MIB3 infotainment incorrectly handles requests to /logs URI, when the id parameter equals to zero. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
The "tokenKey" value used in user authorization is visible in the HTML source of the login page. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
The authentication cookies are generated using an algorithm based on the username, hardcoded secret and the up-time, and can be guessed in a reasonable time. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
An authenticated user is able to upload an arbitrary CGI-compatible file using the certificate upload utility and execute it with the root user privileges. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
It is possible to download the configuration backup without authorization and decrypt included passwords using hardcoded static key. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
An issue has been discovered in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions from 16.1 prior to 16.1.6, 16.2 prior to 16.2.9, 16.3 prior to 16.3.7, 16.4 prior to 16.4.5, 16.5 prior to 16.5.6, 16.6 prior to. Rated critical severity (CVSS 10.0), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Actively exploited in the wild (cisa kev) and public exploit code available.
An issue has been discovered in GitLab CE/EE affecting all versions from 12.2 prior to 16.5.6, 16.6 prior to 16.6.4, and 16.7 prior to 16.7.2 in which an attacker could potentially modify the. Rated low severity (CVSS 3.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Insufficient authentication flow in Checkmk before 2.2.0p18, 2.1.0p38 and 2.0.0p39 allows attacker to use locked credentials. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity.
A heap-use-after-free vulnerability was found in live555 version 2023.05.10 while handling the SETUP. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: This CVE ID was unused by the CNA. No vendor patch available.
In Gentoo Portage before 3.0.47, there is missing PGP validation of executed code: the standalone emerge-webrsync downloads a .gpgsig file but does not perform signature verification. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity.
An out-of-bounds access vulnerability involving netfilter was reported and fixed as: f1082dd31fe4 (netfilter: nf_tables: Reject tables of unsupported family); While creating a new netfilter table,. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Out-of-bounds Read vulnerability could allow attackers to read data from memory outside the intended buffer boundaries.
An Exposure of Resource to Wrong Sphere vulnerability in the Packet Forwarding Engine (PFE) of Juniper Networks Junos OS on MX Series allows an unauthenticated, network-based attacker to bypass the. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
ONTAP versions 9.4 and higher are susceptible to a vulnerability which when successfully exploited could lead to disclosure of sensitive information to unprivileged attackers when the object-store. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. No vendor patch available.
A flaw was found in the blkgs destruction path in block/blk-cgroup.c in the Linux kernel, leading to a cgroup blkio memory leakage problem. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability was found in meetyoucrop big-whale 1.1 and classified as critical. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Missing encryption in the NFC tags of the Flient Smart Door Lock v1.0 allows attackers to create a cloned tag via brief physical proximity to the original tags, which results in an attacker gaining. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
The remote keyless system of the Hozard alarm system (alarmsystemen) v1.0 sends an identical radio frequency signal for each request, which results in an attacker being able to conduct replay attacks. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Missing encryption in the RFID tags of the Hozard alarm system (Alarmsysteem) v1.0 allow attackers to create a cloned tag via brief physical proximity to one of the original tags, which results in an. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A default engineer password set on the Hozard alarm system (Alarmsysteem) v1.0 allows an attacker to bring the alarm system to a disarmed state. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.9), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
The number of attempts to bring the Hozard Alarm system (alarmsystemen) v1.0 to a disarmed state is not limited. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Nginx-UI is a web interface to manage Nginx configurations. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. Public exploit code available and EPSS exploitation probability 16.0%.
Nginx-UI is an online statistics for Server Indicators Monitor CPU usage, memory usage, load average, and disk usage in real-time. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.0), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. Public exploit code available.
A vulnerability classified as critical was found in ForU CMS up to 2020-06-23. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: This CVE ID has been rejected or withdrawn by its CVE Numbering Authority. No vendor patch available.
An issue was discovered in the Linux kernel before 6.6.8. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.0). This Use After Free vulnerability could allow attackers to access freed memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.
An issue was discovered in the Linux kernel before 6.6.8. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.0). This Use After Free vulnerability could allow attackers to access freed memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.
An issue was discovered in the Linux kernel before 6.6.8. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.0). This Use After Free vulnerability could allow attackers to access freed memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.
Nginx-ui is online statistics for Server Indicators Monitor CPU usage, memory usage, load average, and disk usage in real-time. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.7), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. Public exploit code available.
ScaleFusion 10.5.2 does not properly limit users to the Edge application because file downloads can occur. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.6), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
ScaleFusion 10.5.2 does not properly limit users to the Edge application because a search can be made from a tooltip. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
ScaleFusion 10.5.2 does not properly limit users to the Edge application because Ctrl-O and Ctrl-S can be used. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A privileged attacker can prevent delivery of debug exceptions to SEV-SNP guests potentially resulting in guests not receiving expected debug information. Rated low severity (CVSS 3.2), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
The ElementsKit Elementor addons plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Sensitive Information Exposure in all versions up to, and including, 3.0.3 via the ekit_widgetarea_content function. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity.
The Backup Migration plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to unauthorized access of data due to insufficient path and file validation on the BMI_BACKUP case of the handle_downloading function in all. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and EPSS exploitation probability 21.8%.