Information Disclosure
Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security.
How It Works
Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security. This happens through multiple channels: verbose error messages that display stack traces revealing internal paths and frameworks, improperly secured debug endpoints left active in production, and misconfigured servers that expose directory listings or version control artifacts like .git folders. APIs often leak excessive data in responses—returning full user objects when only a name is needed, or revealing system internals through metadata fields.
Attackers exploit these exposures systematically. They probe for common sensitive files (.env, config.php, backup archives), trigger error conditions to extract framework details, and analyze response timing or content differences to enumerate valid usernames or resources. Even subtle variations—like "invalid password" versus "user not found"—enable account enumeration. Exposed configuration files frequently contain database credentials, API keys, or internal service URLs that unlock further attack vectors.
The attack flow typically starts with passive reconnaissance: examining HTTP headers, JavaScript bundles, and public endpoints for version information and architecture clues. Active probing follows—testing predictable paths, manipulating parameters to trigger exceptions, and comparing responses across similar requests to identify information leakage patterns.
Impact
- Credential compromise: Exposed configuration files, hardcoded secrets in source code, or API keys enable direct authentication bypass
- Attack surface mapping: Stack traces, framework versions, and internal paths help attackers craft targeted exploits for known vulnerabilities
- Data breach: Direct exposure of user data, payment information, or proprietary business logic through oversharing APIs or accessible backups
- Privilege escalation pathway: Internal URLs, service discovery information, and architecture details facilitate lateral movement and SSRF attacks
- Compliance violations: GDPR, PCI-DSS, and HIPAA penalties for exposing regulated data through preventable disclosures
Real-World Examples
A major Git repository exposure affected thousands of websites when .git folders remained accessible on production servers, allowing attackers to reconstruct entire source code histories including deleted commits containing credentials. Tools like GitDumper automated mass exploitation of this misconfiguration.
Cloud storage misconfigurations have repeatedly exposed sensitive data when companies left S3 buckets or Azure Blob containers publicly readable. One incident exposed 150 million voter records because verbose API error messages revealed the storage URL structure, and no authentication was required.
Framework debug modes left enabled in production have caused numerous breaches. Django's DEBUG=True setting exposed complete stack traces with database queries and environment variables, while Laravel's debug pages revealed encryption keys through the APP_KEY variable in environment dumps.
Mitigation
- Generic error pages: Return uniform error messages to users; log detailed exceptions server-side only
- Disable debug modes: Enforce production configurations that suppress stack traces, verbose logging, and debug endpoints through deployment automation
- Access control audits: Restrict or remove development artifacts (
.git, backup files,phpinfo()) and internal endpoints before deployment - Response minimization: API responses should return only necessary fields; implement allowlists rather than blocklists for data exposure
- Security headers: Deploy
X-Content-Type-Options, remove server version banners, and disable directory indexing - Timing consistency: Ensure authentication and validation responses take uniform time regardless of input validity
Recent CVEs (74801)
Access of resource using incompatible type ('type confusion') in Windows Message Queuing allows an authorized attacker to execute code over a network. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Use of uninitialized resource in Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) allows an authorized attacker to disclose information over a network. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.7), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Exposure of sensitive information to an unauthorized actor in Windows NT OS Kernel allows an authorized attacker to disclose information locally. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Concurrent execution using shared resource with improper synchronization ('race condition') in Windows DirectX allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.0). No vendor patch available.
Concurrent execution using shared resource with improper synchronization ('race condition') in Windows Ancillary Function Driver for WinSock allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.0). No vendor patch available.
Concurrent execution using shared resource with improper synchronization ('race condition') in Windows Win32K - GRFX allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Weak authentication in Windows Installer allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Improper handling of insufficient permissions or privileges in Windows Cloud Files Mini Filter Driver allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Concurrent execution using shared resource with improper synchronization ('race condition') in Windows Hyper-V allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.0). No vendor patch available.
Integer overflow or wraparound in Windows Distributed Transaction Coordinator allows an authorized attacker to disclose information over a network. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Time-of-check time-of-use (toctou) race condition in Windows NTFS allows an unauthorized attacker to disclose information locally. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.0), this vulnerability is no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Use of uninitialized resource in Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) allows an authorized attacker to disclose information over a network. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.7), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Use of uninitialized resource in Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) allows an authorized attacker to disclose information over a network. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.7), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Exposure of sensitive information to an unauthorized actor in Windows File Explorer allows an unauthorized attacker to perform spoofing over a network. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and EPSS exploitation probability 15.1%.
Concurrent execution using shared resource with improper synchronization ('race condition') in Windows Ancillary Function Driver for WinSock allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.0). No vendor patch available.
Missing synchronization in Windows Hyper-V allows an authorized attacker to deny service over an adjacent network. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Concurrent execution using shared resource with improper synchronization ('race condition') in Microsoft Graphics Component allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.7). No vendor patch available.
Adobe Commerce versions 2.4.9-alpha1, 2.4.8-p1, 2.4.7-p6, 2.4.6-p11, 2.4.5-p13, 2.4.4-p14 and earlier are affected by a Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF) vulnerability that could result in privilege. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Improper restriction of communication channel to intended endpoints in Windows Hyper-V allows an authorized attacker to execute code locally. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.7). No vendor patch available.
Exposure of sensitive information to an unauthorized actor in Microsoft Exchange Server allows an unauthorized attacker to disclose information over a network. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Improper input validation in Microsoft Exchange Server allows an authorized attacker to perform tampering over a network. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Exposure of sensitive information to an unauthorized actor for some Edge Orchestrator software before version 24.11.1 for Intel(R) Tiber(TM) Edge Platform may allow an authenticated user to. Rated low severity (CVSS 2.1). No vendor patch available.
Improper neutralization for some Edge Orchestrator software before version 24.11.1 for Intel(R) Tiber(TM) Edge Platform may allow an unauthenticated user to potentially enable information disclosure. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.9), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Insertion of sensitive information into log file for some Intel(R) Local Manageability Service software before version 2514.7.16.0 may allow an authenticated user to potentially enable information. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Improper initialization in the Linux kernel-mode driver for some Intel(R) I350 Series Ethernet before version 5.19.2 may allow an authenticated user to potentially enable Information disclosure via. Rated low severity (CVSS 2.0), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Out-of-bounds read in firmware for some Intel(R) AMT and Intel(R) Standard Manageability may allow a privileged user to potentially enable information disclosure via network access. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.9), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. No vendor patch available.
Predictable Seed in Pseudo-Random Number Generator (PRNG) in the firmware for some Intel(R) TDX may allow an authenticated user to potentially enable information disclosure via local access. Rated low severity (CVSS 2.0), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Observable timing discrepancy in firmware for some Intel(R) CSME and Intel(R) SPS may allow a privileged user to potentially enable information disclosure via local access. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Out-of-bounds read in some Intel(R) TDX module software before version TDX_1.5.07.00.774 may allow an authenticated user to potentially enable information disclosure via local access. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.7). No vendor patch available.
By using the "uscan" protocol provided by the eSCL specification, an attacker can discover the serial number of multi-function printers that implement the Brother-provided firmware. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.3), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
content-security-policy-parser parses content security policy directives. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: xfrm: interface: fix use-after-free after changing collect_md xfrm interface collect_md property on xfrm interfaces can only be set. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Use After Free vulnerability could allow attackers to access freed memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.
Improper handling of symbolic links in Ivanti Connect Secure before version 22.7R2.8 or 22.8R2, Ivanti Policy Secure before 22.7R1.5, Ivanti ZTA Gateway before 22.8R2.3-723 and Ivanti Neurons for. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A buffer over-read vulnerability in Ivanti Connect Secure before 22.7R2.8 or 22.8R2, Ivanti Policy Secure before 22.7R1.5, Ivanti ZTA Gateway before 2.8R2.3-723 and Ivanti Neurons for Secure Access. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Log files uploaded during troubleshooting by the Harmony SASE agent may have been accessible to unauthorized parties. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
AMI APTIOV contains a vulnerability in BIOS where a user may cause “Improper Initialization” by local accessing. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.2), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability has been identified in SINEC Traffic Analyzer (6GK8822-1BG01-0BA0) (All versions). Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability has been identified in SINEC Traffic Analyzer (6GK8822-1BG01-0BA0) (All versions < V3.0). Rated high severity (CVSS 7.0), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability has been identified in Simcenter Femap V2406 (All versions < V2406.0003), Simcenter Femap V2412 (All versions < V2412.0002). Rated high severity (CVSS 7.3), this vulnerability is no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability has been identified in POWER METER SICAM Q100 (7KG9501-0AA01-0AA1) (All versions >= V2.60 < V2.62), POWER METER SICAM Q100 (7KG9501-0AA01-2AA1) (All versions >= V2.60 < V2.62), POWER. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability has been identified in POWER METER SICAM Q100 (7KG9501-0AA01-0AA1) (All versions >= V2.60 < V2.62), POWER METER SICAM Q100 (7KG9501-0AA01-2AA1) (All versions >= V2.60 < V2.62), POWER. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability has been identified in SmartClient modules Opcenter QL Home (SC) (All versions >= V13.2 < V2506), SOA Audit (All versions >= V13.2 < V2506), SOA Cockpit (All versions >= V13.2 <. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.1), this vulnerability is no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability has been identified in SmartClient modules Opcenter QL Home (SC) (All versions >= V13.2 < V2506), SOA Audit (All versions >= V13.2 < V2506), SOA Cockpit (All versions >= V13.2 <. Rated low severity (CVSS 2.1), this vulnerability is no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability has been identified in SmartClient modules Opcenter QL Home (SC) (All versions >= V13.2 < V2506), SOA Audit (All versions >= V13.2 < V2506), SOA Cockpit (All versions >= V13.2 <. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.1), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability has been identified in SmartClient modules Opcenter QL Home (SC) (All versions >= V13.2 < V2506), SOA Audit (All versions >= V13.2 < V2506), SOA Cockpit (All versions >= V13.2 <. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.9). No vendor patch available.
Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Sent Data vulnerability in Liquid Web GiveWP allows Retrieve Embedded Sensitive Data.6.1. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
The WP Private Content Plus plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to Sensitive Information Exposure in all versions up to, and including, 3.6.2 via the 'validate_restrictions' function. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
SAP NetWeaver Application Server ABAP (BIC Document) allows an authenticated attacker to craft a request that, when submitted to a BIC Document application, could cause a memory corruption error. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
SAP Fiori (Launchpad) is vulnerable to Reverse Tabnabbing vulnerability due to inadequate external navigation protections for its link (<a>) elements. Rated low severity (CVSS 3.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
The SAP NetWeaver Application Server ABAP and ABAP Platform Internet Communication Manager (ICM) permits authorized users with admin privileges and local access to log files to read sensitive. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.1). No vendor patch available.
Vim is an open source, command line text editor. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.9), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity.
OpenKilda is an open-source OpenFlow controller. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.9), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Catalyst::Authentication::Credential::HTTP versions 1.018 and earlier for Perl generate nonces using the Perl Data::UUID library. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.6), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: This CVE ID has been rejected or withdrawn by its CVE Numbering Authority. No vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: This CVE ID has been rejected or withdrawn by its CVE Numbering Authority. No vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: This CVE ID has been rejected or withdrawn by its CVE Numbering Authority. No vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: This CVE ID has been rejected or withdrawn by its CVE Numbering Authority. No vendor patch available.
YugabyteDB Anywhere web server does not properly enforce authentication for the /metamaster/universe API endpoint. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.1), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: clone_private_mnt(): make sure that caller has CAP_SYS_ADMIN in the right userns What we want is to verify there is that clone. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
Shared Access Signature token is not masked in the backup configuration response and is also exposed in the yb_backup logs. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.8). No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability was identified in WuKongOpenSource WukongCRM 11.0. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
YugabyteDB diagnostic information was transmitted over HTTP, which could expose sensitive data during transmission. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.0), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
YugabyteDB has been collecting diagnostics information from YugabyteDB servers, which may include sensitive gflag configurations. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.0), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability was determined in jshERP up to 3.5. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A vulnerability was found in jshERP up to 3.5. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
in OpenHarmony v5.0.3 and prior versions allow a local attacker case DOS through missing release of memory. Rated low severity (CVSS 3.3), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
in OpenHarmony v5.0.3 and prior versions allow a local attacker cause DOS through type confusion. Rated low severity (CVSS 3.3), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
in OpenHarmony v5.0.3 and prior versions allow a local attacker case DOS through improper input. Rated low severity (CVSS 3.3), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
in OpenHarmony v5.0.3 and prior versions allow a local attacker case DOS through missing release of memory. Rated low severity (CVSS 3.3), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
in OpenHarmony v5.0.3 and prior versions allow a local attacker case DOS through missing release of memory. Rated low severity (CVSS 3.3), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability was found in xujeff tianti 天梯 up to 2.3. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability was found in LitmusChaos Litmus up to 3.19.0 and classified as critical. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A vulnerability, which was classified as critical, was found in LitmusChaos Litmus up to 3.19.0. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A vulnerability classified as problematic was found in LitmusChaos Litmus up to 3.19.0. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A vulnerability classified as problematic has been found in LitmusChaos Litmus up to 3.19.0. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A vulnerability was found in LitmusChaos Litmus up to 3.19.0. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
In EMQX before 5.8.6, administrators can install arbitrary novel plugins via the Dashboard web interface. Rated low severity (CVSS 3.0), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability was found in Portabilis i-Educar up to 2.9.0. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability has been found in riscv-boom SonicBOOM up to 2.2.3 and classified as problematic. Rated low severity (CVSS 2.0). No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability was found in Ruijie EG306MG 3.0(1)B11P309. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability was found in TRENDnet TN-200 1.02b02. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability was found in TRENDnet TEW-822DRE FW103B02. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.3). No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability was found in TRENDnet TV-IP110WN 1.2.2 and classified as problematic. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.3). No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability has been found in TDuckCloud tduck-platform up to 5.1 and classified as critical. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: Bluetooth: btnxpuart: Resolve TX timeout error in power save stress test This fixes the tx timeout issue seen while running a. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: Bluetooth: eir: Fix using strlen with hdev->{dev_name,short_name} Both dev_name and short_name are not guaranteed to be NULL. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
An incorrect encryption implementation vulnerability exists in the system log dump feature of BYD's DiLink 3.0 OS (e.g. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.1), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: ** REJECT ** DO NOT USE THIS CANDIDATE NUMBER. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability, which was classified as problematic, has been found in Weee RICEPO App 6.17.77 on Android.xml of the component com.ricepo.app. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.8), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
The Assemblyline 4 Service Client interfaces with the API to fetch tasks and publish the result for a service in Assemblyline 4. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.2), this vulnerability is no authentication required. No vendor patch available.