Information Disclosure
Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security.
How It Works
Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security. This happens through multiple channels: verbose error messages that display stack traces revealing internal paths and frameworks, improperly secured debug endpoints left active in production, and misconfigured servers that expose directory listings or version control artifacts like .git folders. APIs often leak excessive data in responses—returning full user objects when only a name is needed, or revealing system internals through metadata fields.
Attackers exploit these exposures systematically. They probe for common sensitive files (.env, config.php, backup archives), trigger error conditions to extract framework details, and analyze response timing or content differences to enumerate valid usernames or resources. Even subtle variations—like "invalid password" versus "user not found"—enable account enumeration. Exposed configuration files frequently contain database credentials, API keys, or internal service URLs that unlock further attack vectors.
The attack flow typically starts with passive reconnaissance: examining HTTP headers, JavaScript bundles, and public endpoints for version information and architecture clues. Active probing follows—testing predictable paths, manipulating parameters to trigger exceptions, and comparing responses across similar requests to identify information leakage patterns.
Impact
- Credential compromise: Exposed configuration files, hardcoded secrets in source code, or API keys enable direct authentication bypass
- Attack surface mapping: Stack traces, framework versions, and internal paths help attackers craft targeted exploits for known vulnerabilities
- Data breach: Direct exposure of user data, payment information, or proprietary business logic through oversharing APIs or accessible backups
- Privilege escalation pathway: Internal URLs, service discovery information, and architecture details facilitate lateral movement and SSRF attacks
- Compliance violations: GDPR, PCI-DSS, and HIPAA penalties for exposing regulated data through preventable disclosures
Real-World Examples
A major Git repository exposure affected thousands of websites when .git folders remained accessible on production servers, allowing attackers to reconstruct entire source code histories including deleted commits containing credentials. Tools like GitDumper automated mass exploitation of this misconfiguration.
Cloud storage misconfigurations have repeatedly exposed sensitive data when companies left S3 buckets or Azure Blob containers publicly readable. One incident exposed 150 million voter records because verbose API error messages revealed the storage URL structure, and no authentication was required.
Framework debug modes left enabled in production have caused numerous breaches. Django's DEBUG=True setting exposed complete stack traces with database queries and environment variables, while Laravel's debug pages revealed encryption keys through the APP_KEY variable in environment dumps.
Mitigation
- Generic error pages: Return uniform error messages to users; log detailed exceptions server-side only
- Disable debug modes: Enforce production configurations that suppress stack traces, verbose logging, and debug endpoints through deployment automation
- Access control audits: Restrict or remove development artifacts (
.git, backup files,phpinfo()) and internal endpoints before deployment - Response minimization: API responses should return only necessary fields; implement allowlists rather than blocklists for data exposure
- Security headers: Deploy
X-Content-Type-Options, remove server version banners, and disable directory indexing - Timing consistency: Ensure authentication and validation responses take uniform time regardless of input validity
Recent CVEs (67868)
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: mm/ptdump: take the memory hotplug lock inside ptdump_walk_pgd() Memory hot remove unmaps and tears down various kernel page table. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.7).
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: media: uvcvideo: Fix 1-byte out-of-bounds read in uvc_parse_format() The buffer length check before calling uvc_parse_format() only. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.1), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: media: venus: Fix OOB read due to missing payload bound check Currently, The event_seq_changed() handler processes a variable. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.1), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. This Out-of-bounds Read vulnerability could allow attackers to read data from memory outside the intended buffer boundaries.
NVIDIA ConnectX contains a vulnerability in the management interface, where an attacker with local access could cause incorrect authorization to modify the configuration. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.3), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
NVIDIA Mellanox DPDK contains a vulnerability in Poll Mode Driver (PMD), where an attacker on a VM in the system might be able to cause information disclosure and denial of service on the network. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
NVIDIA BlueField contains a vulnerability in the management interface, where an attacker with local access could cause incorrect authorization to modify the configuration. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.7), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
IBM Sterling B2B Integrator 6.0.0.0 through 6.1.2.7_1 and 6.2.0.0 through 6.2.0.4 and IBM Sterling File Gateway 6.0.0.0 through 6.1.2.7_1 and 6.2.0.0 through 6.2.0.4 could disclose sensitive system. Rated low severity (CVSS 2.7), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
IBM Jazz Foundation 7.0.2 through 7.0.2 iFix033, 7.0.3 through 7.0.3 iFix012, and 7.1.0 through 7.1.0 iFix002 could allow an authenticated user to upload files to the system due to improper. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity.
Improper export of component in GoodLock prior to version 2.2.04.95 allows local attackers to install arbitrary applications from Galaxy Store. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.7), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Improper access control vulnerability in retrieveExternalProxy in MiscPolicy prior to SMR Nov-2022 Release 1 allows local attacker to access to Proxy information. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.3), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A security flaw has been discovered in elunez eladmin 1.1. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability was identified in fuyang_lipengjun platform 1.0.0. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
The atec Debug plugin for WordPress is vulnerable to arbitrary file read in all versions up to, and including, 1.2.22 via the 'custom_log' parameter. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.9), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
The langchain-ai/langchain project, specifically the EverNoteLoader component, is vulnerable to XML External Entity (XXE) attacks due to insecure XML parsing. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: Not used. No vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: Not used. No vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: Not used. No vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: Not used. No vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: Not used. No vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: Not used. No vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: Not used. No vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: Not used. No vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: This CVE is a duplicate of another CVE. No vendor patch available.
Information disclosure. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Information disclosure. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
In ReadTachyonCommands of gxp_main_actor.cc, there is a possible information leak due to uninitialized data. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
In SAEMM_DiscloseMsId of SAEMM_RadioMessageCodec.c, there is a possible out of bounds read due to a missing bounds check. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Netty is an asynchronous event-driven network application framework for development of maintainable high performance protocol servers and clients. Rated low severity (CVSS 2.9), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available.
XWiki Platform is a generic wiki platform offering runtime services for applications built on top of it. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity.
XWiki Platform is a generic wiki platform offering runtime services for applications built on top of it. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity.
LinkedIn Mobile Application for Android version 4.1.1087.2 fails to update link preview metadata (image, title, description) when a user replaces the original URL in a post or comment before. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability in the directory permissions of Cisco Desk Phone 9800 Series, Cisco IP Phone 7800 and 8800 Series, and Cisco Video Phone 8875 could allow an unauthenticated, remote attacker to access. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability in the web-based management interface of Cisco Evolved Programmable Network Manager (EPNM) and Cisco Prime Infrastructure could allow an authenticated, remote attacker to obtain. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Inappropriate implementation in Downloads in Google Chrome on Android prior to 140.0.7339.80 allowed a remote attacker to perform UI spoofing via a crafted HTML page. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Inappropriate implementation in Toolbar in Google Chrome on Android prior to 140.0.7339.80 allowed a remote attacker who convinced a user to engage in specific UI gestures to perform domain spoofing. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: This CVE ID was assigned in error to a vulnerability that was both introduced and fixed before the code landed in the Stable channel of Chrome, and has been withdrawn. No vendor patch available.
A security flaw has been discovered in Campcodes Recruitment Management System 1.0. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.1), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: This CVE is a duplicate of another CVE. No vendor patch available.
ImpactThe attacker can validate if a user exists by checking the time login returns. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.9), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in immonex immonex Kickstart allows PHP Local File Inclusion.11.6. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. No vendor patch available.
Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program ('PHP Remote File Inclusion') vulnerability in BuddyDev MediaPress allows PHP Local File Inclusion.5.9.1. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. No vendor patch available.
Insertion of Sensitive Information Into Debugging Code vulnerability in Klarna Klarna Order Management for WooCommerce allows Retrieve Embedded Sensitive Data.9.8. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.6), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable. No vendor patch available.
In Jenkins Git client Plugin 6.3.2 and earlier, except 6.1.4 and 6.2.1, Git URL field form validation responses differ based on whether the specified file path exists on the controller when. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
cJSON 1.5.0 through 1.7.18 allows out-of-bounds access via the decode_array_index_from_pointer function in cJSON_Utils.c, allowing remote attackers to bypass array bounds checking and access. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
SummaryA user with administrator rights can change the configuration of the mautic application and extract secrets that are not normally available. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Origin Validation Error vulnerability in Akinsoft LimonDesk allows Forceful Browsing.02.14 before v1.02.17. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A flaw was found in libsoup’s caching mechanism, SoupCache, where the HTTP Vary header is ignored when evaluating cached responses. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.9), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor vulnerability in Sitecore Sitecore Experience Manager (XM), Sitecore Experience Platform (XP).2 through 10.4; Experience Platform (XP): from. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
Use of Externally-Controlled Input to Select Classes or Code ('Unsafe Reflection') vulnerability in Sitecore Sitecore Experience Manager (XM), Sitecore Experience Platform (XP) allows Cache. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: netfilter: nf_tables: reject duplicate device on updates A chain/flowtable update with duplicated devices in the same batch is. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity.
Improper Input Validation vulnerability in Apache DolphinScheduler. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Insertion of Sensitive Information into Log File vulnerability in upKeeper Solutions upKeeper Manager allows Use of Known Domain Credentials.0.0 before 5.2.12. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Insecure Storage of Sensitive Information in Secure Folder prior to Android 16 allows local attackers to access sensitive information. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.2), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Improper verification of intent by ExternalBroadcastReceiver in S Assistant prior to version 9.3.2 allows local attackers to modify itinerary information. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.1), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Improper verification of intent by SystemExceptionalBroadcastReceiver in S Assistant prior to version 9.3.2 allows local attackers to modify itinerary information. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.1), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Improper verification of intent by SamsungExceptionalBroadcastReceiver in S Assistant prior to version 9.3.2 allows local attackers to modify itinerary information. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.1), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Improper access control in Samsung Notes prior to version 4.4.30.63 allows physical attackers to access data across multiple user profiles. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.1), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Improper access control in Samsung Notes prior to version 4.4.30.63 allows local privileged attackers to access exported note files. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.0), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Improper access control in Samsung Calendar prior to version 12.5.06.5 in Android 14 and 12.6.01.12 in Android 15 allows physical attackers to access data across multiple user profiles. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.6), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Improper access control in ContactProvider prior to SMR Sep-2025 Release 1 allows local attackers to access sensitive information. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.0), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Improper handling of insufficient permission in AppPrelaunchManagerService prior to SMR Sep-2025 Release 1 in Chinese Android 15 allows local attackers to execute arbitrary application in the. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.3), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Improper handling of insufficient permission in System UI prior to SMR Sep-2025 Release 1 allows local attackers to send arbitrary replies to messages from the cover display. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.0), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Improper privilege management in ThemeManager prior to SMR Sep-2025 Release 1 allows local privileged attackers to reuse trial items. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Improper verification of intent by broadcast receiver in ImsService prior to SMR Sep-2025 Release 1 allows local attackers to temporarily disable the SIM. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.1), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Improper handling of insufficient permission in ImsService prior to SMR Sep-2025 Release 1 allows local attackers to interrupt the call. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.0), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Improper access control in MARsExemptionManager prior to SMR Sep-2025 Release 1 allows local attackers to be excluded from background execution management. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.1), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Improper Access Control vulnerability in Galaxy Store prior to version 4.5.53.6 allows local attacker to access protected data using exported service. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.4). No vendor patch available.
Missing authorization vulnerability in Camera prior to versions 11.1.02.18 in Android 11, 12.1.03.8 in Android 12 and 13.1.01.4 in Android 13 allows physical attackers to install package through. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.1), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Improper URL input validation vulnerability in Samsung Account application prior to version 14.1.0.0 allows remote attackers to get sensitive information. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.4), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Improper input validation vulnerability in CertByte prior to SMR Apr-2023 Release 1 allows local attackers to launch privileged activities. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.5), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Improper authorization in Smart suggestions prior to SMR Apr-2023 Release 1 in Android 13 and 4.1.01.0 in Android 12 allows remote attackers to register a schedule. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Improper input validation vulnerability in TIGERF trustlet prior to SMR Apr-2023 Release 1 allows local attackers to access protected data. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.0), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Access of Memory Location After End of Buffer vulnerability in TIGERF trustlet prior to SMR Apr-2023 Release 1 allows local attackers to access protected data. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.9), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Intent redirection vulnerability in SecSettings prior to SMR Apr-2022 Release 1 allows attackers to access arbitrary file with system privilege. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.3), this vulnerability is no authentication required. No vendor patch available.
Improper access control vulnerability in SLocation prior to SMR Apr-2022 Release 1 allows local attackers to get device location information using com.samsung.android.wifi.NETWORK_LOCATION action. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.0), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Improper access control vulnerability in SLocation prior to SMR Apr-2022 Release 1 allows local attackers to get device location information using com.samsung.android.wifi.GEOFENCE action. Rated medium severity (CVSS 4.0), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
PaperCut Print Deploy is an optional component that integrates with PaperCut NG/MF which simplifies printer deployment and management. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.7), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: This CVE is a duplicate of another CVE. No vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: This CVE is a duplicate of another CVE. No vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: This CVE is a duplicate of another CVE. No vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: This CVE is a duplicate of another CVE. No vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: This CVE is a duplicate of another CVE. No vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: This CVE is a duplicate of another CVE, CVE-2025-58163. No vendor patch available.
Rejected reason: This CVE is a duplicate of another CVE, CVE-2025-58163. No vendor patch available.
A security vulnerability has been detected in ScriptAndTools Real Estate Management System 1.0. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.9), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.
A flaw has been found in Das Parking Management System 停车场管理系统 6.2.0. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Local Deep Research is an AI-powered research assistant for deep, iterative research. Rated medium severity (CVSS 6.9), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
A vulnerability was detected in Das Parking Management System 停车场管理系统 6.2.0. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.
Envoy is an open source L7 proxy and communication bus designed for large modern service oriented architectures. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable, no authentication required, low attack complexity. This Use After Free vulnerability could allow attackers to access freed memory to execute arbitrary code or crash the application.
In isInSignificantPlace of multiple files, there is a possible way to access sensitive information due to a missing permission check. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.5), this vulnerability is low attack complexity. No vendor patch available.