Buffer Overflow
A buffer overflow occurs when a program writes more data to a memory buffer than it was allocated to hold, causing the excess data to spill into adjacent memory regions.
How It Works
A buffer overflow occurs when a program writes more data to a memory buffer than it was allocated to hold, causing the excess data to spill into adjacent memory regions. This overwrites whatever data or code exists there, corrupting program state and potentially giving attackers control over execution flow.
Stack-based overflows are the most common variant. When a function allocates a fixed-size buffer on the stack and then copies user-controlled input without proper bounds checking, attackers can overflow past the buffer to overwrite the function's return address. When the function completes, instead of returning to legitimate code, execution jumps to attacker-specified memory containing malicious shellcode. Heap-based overflows work differently—they corrupt heap metadata like chunk size fields or free list pointers, leading to arbitrary memory writes when the allocator processes the corrupted structures.
Modern exploitation bypasses defensive mechanisms through techniques like Return-Oriented Programming (ROP), which chains together existing code snippets to avoid non-executable memory protections. Attackers may also use heap spraying to reliably position shellcode at predictable addresses, defeating address randomization.
Impact
- Remote code execution — attacker gains ability to run arbitrary commands with the privileges of the vulnerable process
- Privilege escalation — exploiting kernel or setuid program overflows to gain root/SYSTEM access
- Denial of service — crashes and memory corruption that render systems unusable
- Information disclosure — reading sensitive data from adjacent memory regions that should be inaccessible
- Authentication bypass — overwriting security-critical variables like permission flags or user IDs
Real-World Examples
Fortinet FortiOS suffered a critical buffer overflow (CVE-2025-32756) that allowed unauthenticated remote attackers to execute code as root on firewalls and VPN gateways. Attackers actively exploited this to compromise enterprise network perimeters before patches were available.
The Slammer worm from 2003 exploited a stack overflow in Microsoft SQL Server, spreading to 75,000 hosts in ten minutes by sending a single malformed UDP packet that overwrote the return address with shellcode. No authentication was required.
OpenSSH historically contained a heap overflow in challenge-response authentication that allowed pre-authentication remote root compromise on Unix systems, demonstrating how memory corruption in privileged network services creates maximum impact scenarios.
Mitigation
- Memory-safe languages — Rust, Go, and modern managed languages prevent buffer overflows by design through automatic bounds checking
- Stack canaries — random values placed before return addresses that detect corruption before control transfer
- Address Space Layout Randomization (ASLR) — randomizes memory locations making exploitation less reliable
- Data Execution Prevention (DEP/NX) — marks memory regions as non-executable, preventing direct shellcode execution
- Bounds checking — validate input sizes before copying, use safe functions like
strncpyinstead ofstrcpy - Fuzzing and static analysis — automated testing to discover overflows before deployment
Recent CVEs (36286)
Arbitrary code execution in Adobe Illustrator 29.8.4 and 30.1 through a stack-based buffer overflow when processing malicious files. Local exploitation requires user interaction to open a crafted document, executing code with the privileges of the current user. No patch is currently available for affected versions.
Stack buffer overflow vulnerability in D-Link DIR-513 v1.10 via the webPage parameter to goform/formWlanSetup. [CVSS 7.5 HIGH]
Stack buffer overflow vulnerability in D-Link DIR-513 v1.10 via the webPage parameter to goform/formWlanGuestSetup. [CVSS 7.5 HIGH]
Stack buffer overflow vulnerability in D-Link DIR-513 v1.10 via the curTime parameter to goform/formSetWizard2. [CVSS 7.5 HIGH]
Stack buffer overflow vulnerability in D-Link DIR-513 v1.10 via the curTime parameter to goform/formSetWizard1. [CVSS 7.5 HIGH]
Stack buffer overflow vulnerability in D-Link DIR-513 v1.10 via the curTime parameter to goform/formVirtualServ. [CVSS 7.5 HIGH]
Stack buffer overflow vulnerability in D-Link DIR-513 v1.10 via the webPage parameter to goform/formSetWanPPTP. [CVSS 7.5 HIGH]
Stack buffer overflow vulnerability in D-Link DIR-513 v1.10 via the nextPage parameter to goform/formLanguageChange. [CVSS 7.5 HIGH]
Android DeviceId component has a CVSS 10.0 out-of-bounds write in persistence handling enabling device compromise.
Arbitrary code execution in DNG SDK 1.7.1 2471 and earlier via an out-of-bounds write vulnerability that executes with user privileges when a victim opens a malicious file. The vulnerability requires user interaction but no special privileges, making it exploitable through social engineering with crafted documents. No patch is currently available for affected DNG Software Development Kit users.
Arbitrary code execution in Substance 3D Stager 3.1.7 and earlier through an out-of-bounds write vulnerability triggered when users open malicious files. An attacker can execute code with the privileges of the affected user, requiring only social engineering to deliver the malicious file. No patch is currently available for this high-severity vulnerability.
Arbitrary code execution in Substance 3D Stager 3.1.7 and earlier through an out-of-bounds write vulnerability triggered by opening a malicious file. An attacker can achieve code execution with user privileges by crafting a weaponized file and socially engineering a victim into opening it. No patch is currently available for this high-severity vulnerability.
Arbitrary code execution in Adobe Substance 3D Stager 3.1.7 and earlier through an out-of-bounds write vulnerability that executes with user privileges when a victim opens a crafted file. The vulnerability requires user interaction but no special permissions, making it a practical attack vector for local exploitation. No patch is currently available.
Arbitrary code execution in Substance 3D Stager 3.1.7 and earlier through an out-of-bounds write vulnerability triggered by opening a malicious file. Users running affected versions face code execution at their privilege level with no available patch. This requires social engineering to trick users into opening a crafted file.
Code execution in Adobe Premiere Pro 25.5 and earlier via out-of-bounds read when processing malicious media files. An attacker can achieve arbitrary code execution within the user's security context by crafting a specially formatted file that triggers a memory read past allocated buffer boundaries. Exploitation requires the victim to open the malicious file, and no patch is currently available.
Out-of-bounds memory read in Substance 3D Painter 11.1.2 and earlier allows attackers to expose sensitive data from application memory. Exploitation requires a user to open a malicious file, making this a local attack vector dependent on social engineering. No patch is currently available for this vulnerability.
Out-of-bounds memory read in Substance 3D Painter 11.1.2 and earlier enables attackers to leak sensitive data from application memory when a user opens a specially crafted file. This local vulnerability requires user interaction but poses a meaningful confidentiality risk to designers and artists using affected versions. No patch is currently available.
Memory disclosure in Substance 3D Painter 11.1.2 and earlier allows attackers to read sensitive data from process memory through an out-of-bounds read vulnerability. Exploitation requires user interaction, as victims must open a specially crafted malicious file. No patch is currently available for this vulnerability.
Arbitrary code execution in Firefox versions prior to 148.0.2 results from multiple memory corruption flaws in the browser's memory safety implementation. An unauthenticated attacker can exploit these vulnerabilities through a malicious webpage requiring user interaction to achieve remote code execution with full system privileges. No patch is currently available for this vulnerability.
Firefox for Android versions prior to 148.0.2 contain a heap buffer overflow in the audio/video playback component that allows remote code execution, information disclosure, and denial of service through a malicious media file requiring user interaction. The vulnerability affects all Firefox for Android users and currently lacks a publicly available patch. An attacker can achieve complete system compromise by crafting a specially crafted video or audio file that triggers the buffer overflow when played.
iccDEV provides a set of libraries and tools for working with ICC color management profiles. versions up to 2.3.1.5 is affected by out-of-bounds read (CVSS 6.1).
iccDEV provides a set of libraries and tools for working with ICC color management profiles. versions up to 2.3.1.5 is affected by heap-based buffer overflow (CVSS 7.8).
iccDEV provides a set of libraries and tools for working with ICC color management profiles. versions up to 2.3.1.5 is affected by classic buffer overflow (CVSS 7.8).
iccDEV provides a set of libraries and tools for working with ICC color management profiles. versions up to 2.3.1.5 is affected by out-of-bounds read (CVSS 5.5).
iccDEV provides a set of libraries and tools for working with ICC color management profiles. versions up to 2.3.1.5 is affected by out-of-bounds read (CVSS 5.5).
iccDEV provides a set of libraries and tools for working with ICC color management profiles. versions up to 2.3.1.5 is affected by classic buffer overflow (CVSS 7.8).
iccDEV provides a set of libraries and tools for working with ICC color management profiles. versions up to 2.3.1.5 is affected by out-of-bounds read (CVSS 5.5).
iccDEV provides a set of libraries and tools for working with ICC color management profiles. versions up to 2.3.1.5 is affected by classic buffer overflow (CVSS 7.8).
iccDEV provides a set of libraries and tools for working with ICC color management profiles. versions up to 2.3.1.5 is affected by out-of-bounds read (CVSS 6.1).
iccDEV provides a set of libraries and tools for working with ICC color management profiles. versions up to 2.3.1.5 is affected by classic buffer overflow (CVSS 7.8).
iccDEV provides a set of libraries and tools for working with ICC color management profiles. versions up to 2.3.1.5 is affected by heap-based buffer overflow (CVSS 6.1).
iccDEV provides a set of libraries and tools for working with ICC color management profiles. versions up to 2.3.1.5 is affected by classic buffer overflow (CVSS 6.1).
iccDEV provides a set of libraries and tools for working with ICC color management profiles. versions up to 2.3.1.5 is affected by stack-based buffer overflow (CVSS 5.5).
iccDEV provides a set of libraries and tools for working with ICC color management profiles. versions up to 2.3.1.5 is affected by classic buffer overflow (CVSS 7.8).
Remote code execution in Fortinet FortiWeb versions 7.0 through 8.0.3 stems from a stack-based buffer overflow that authenticated attackers can exploit by sending crafted HTTP requests, provided they can bypass stack protection and ASLR mechanisms. Successful exploitation allows attackers to execute arbitrary code with the privileges of the vulnerable application. No patch is currently available for this medium-severity vulnerability affecting multiple FortiWeb releases.
Arbitrary code execution in Uderzo Software SpaceSniffer v.2.0.5.18 results from a buffer overflow vulnerability triggered by processing malicious .sns snapshot files. An attacker with local access can craft a specially formatted file to achieve code execution with high privileges. No patch is currently available for this vulnerability.
Microsoft Office is vulnerable to an integer overflow that allows authenticated local users to escalate their privileges and gain full system control. An attacker with valid credentials can exploit this numeric calculation flaw to execute arbitrary code with elevated permissions. No patch is currently available for this vulnerability.
Out-of-bounds read in .NET allows an unauthorized attacker to deny service over a network. [CVSS 7.5 HIGH]
Remote code execution in Windows RRAS across Server 2016, 2022, and 2025 via an integer overflow vulnerability allows authenticated attackers to execute arbitrary code over the network with high privileges. Public exploit code exists for this vulnerability, and no patch is currently available. Authenticated users with network access can trigger the vulnerability through a simple interaction to gain complete system compromise.
Arbitrary code execution in Microsoft Office Excel and related products (Office Online Server, 365 Apps) via out-of-bounds memory read allows local attackers to achieve complete system compromise without requiring user interaction or elevated privileges. This high-severity vulnerability affects multiple Microsoft Office components and currently lacks a security patch. An attacker with local access can exploit memory corruption to execute malicious code with full system permissions.
Heap buffer overflow in Microsoft Office Excel enables local code execution with high integrity and confidentiality impact affecting Office, Office Online Server, and 365 Apps. An attacker with user interaction can achieve arbitrary code execution in the context of the affected application. No patch is currently available for this vulnerability.
Insufficient input validation in SICAM SIAPP SDK versions prior to V2.1.7 enables stack overflow attacks, permitting local attackers to execute arbitrary code or trigger denial of service. The vulnerability affects all versions below the patched release, with no currently available remediation for deployed systems. Attackers with local access can leverage malformed input to corrupt the stack and gain code execution privileges.
Out-of-bounds write vulnerability in SICAM SIAPP SDK versions prior to V2.1.7 allows local attackers to corrupt memory and achieve arbitrary code execution or denial of service. The vulnerability requires local access and specific conditions to trigger, but no patch is currently available. Affected organizations using vulnerable SDK versions should immediately implement compensating controls or upgrade to V2.1.7 or later.
Privilege escalation in Windows Telephony Service through heap buffer overflow affects Windows 10 1607, Windows 11 25h2, and Windows Server 2012, allowing adjacent network attackers to gain elevated system access without authentication. The vulnerability has a high CVSS score of 8.8 but currently lacks a patch, creating significant risk for exposed systems. Exploitation requires network proximity but no user interaction.
Information disclosure in Windows GDI+ affects Windows 11 (24h2, 25h2) and Windows Server 2012/2016, allowing unauthenticated attackers to read sensitive data remotely through an out-of-bounds memory access vulnerability. The flaw requires no user interaction and can be exploited over the network to compromise confidentiality without modifying system data or availability. No patch is currently available for this high-severity vulnerability.
Microsoft Graphics Component contains an out-of-bounds read vulnerability affecting Windows 10 1607, Windows Server 2019, and 2022, enabling local attackers to read sensitive information from memory. The vulnerability requires user interaction and local access, posing a confidentiality risk without offering a currently available patch. Attack complexity is low, making it a practical concern for systems running affected Office and Windows versions.
Out-of-bounds read in Windows NTFS allows an authorized attacker to elevate privileges locally. [CVSS 7.8 HIGH]
Windows Extensible File Allocation (exFAT) contains an out-of-bounds read vulnerability affecting Windows Server 2022, Windows 10 1607, and Windows 11 versions 23h2/25h2, enabling authenticated local users to escalate privileges with high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability. The vulnerability requires local access and user-level privileges to exploit, with no patch currently available. This flaw carries a CVSS score of 7.8 and affects multiple supported Windows versions across server and client platforms.
Remote code execution in Windows RRAS affects Windows 10 1607 and Windows Server 2022 23h2 through an integer overflow vulnerability exploitable by authenticated network attackers. Public exploit code exists for this vulnerability, enabling authenticated users to execute arbitrary code with high integrity and confidentiality impact. No patch is currently available, making this a critical exposure for affected Windows environments.
Remote code execution in Windows Routing and Remote Access Service (RRAS) across Windows Server 2012, 2022, and 2022 23h2 stems from an integer overflow vulnerability that authenticated network attackers can exploit with user interaction. Public exploit code exists for this vulnerability, enabling attackers to achieve arbitrary code execution with high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability. No patch is currently available.
Arbitrary code execution in Fortinet FortiWeb 7.0.2 through 8.0.2 stems from a stack-based buffer overflow triggered by crafted HTTP requests from authenticated attackers who can bypass stack protection mechanisms. The vulnerability affects multiple FortiWeb versions and requires high privileges and specific conditions to exploit, though no patch is currently available. An authenticated attacker with sufficient privileges could leverage this flaw to execute arbitrary commands on affected systems.
Arbitrary code execution in Windows 10 (versions 21H2 and 22H2) via heap buffer overflow in Mobile Broadband functionality requires physical access to a target device. An attacker with direct hardware access can trigger memory corruption to achieve kernel-level code execution with full system privileges. No patch is currently available for this vulnerability.
Privilege escalation in Windows 11 (24h2, 26h1) and Windows Server 2022 (23h2) via heap overflow allows authenticated local users to gain system-level access. The vulnerability requires valid credentials but no user interaction, making it a direct path to complete system compromise. No patch is currently available.
Windows Push Message Routing Service contains an out-of-bounds read vulnerability that enables authenticated local users to access sensitive information on affected systems running Windows 10 and Windows 11. The vulnerability requires valid credentials to exploit and poses a confidentiality risk, though no patch is currently available. This affects multiple Windows versions including 21H2, 22H2, and 23H2 releases.
Windows ReFS contains an out-of-bounds read vulnerability affecting Server 2019, 2022, 2025, and Windows 11 26h1 that enables authenticated local users to escalate privileges with high impact to confidentiality, integrity, and availability. The vulnerability requires low attack complexity and no user interaction, making it exploitable by any authenticated user on the system. No patch is currently available for this HIGH severity issue.
Windows Universal Disk Format File System Driver (UDFS) Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability [CVSS 7.8 HIGH]
Privilege escalation in Azure Linux Virtual Machines results from a heap-based buffer overflow that authenticated local users can exploit to gain elevated system access. An attacker with valid credentials can trigger memory corruption to bypass privilege restrictions and assume administrative control of the affected virtual machine. No patch is currently available, making this a critical risk for organizations running Azure Linux infrastructure.
vulnerability in Fortinet FortiSwitchAXFixed 1.0.0 versions up to 1.0.1 is affected by classic buffer overflow (CVSS 8.8).
A Stack-based Buffer Overflow vulnerability [CWE-121] vulnerability in Fortinet FortiManager 7.4.0 through 7.4.2, FortiManager 7.2.0 through 7.2.10, FortiManager 6.4 all versions may allow a remote unauthenticated attacker to execute unauthorized commands via crafted requests, if the service is enabled. [CVSS 8.1 HIGH]
Improper Validation of Specified Index, Position, or Offset in Input vulnerability in Mitsubishi Electric CNC M800V Series M800VW and M800VS, M80V Series M80V and M80VW, M800 Series M800W and M800S, M80 Series M80 and M80W, E80 Series E80, C80 Series C80, M700V Series M750VW, M720VW, 730VW, M720VS, M730VS, and M750VS, M70V Series M70V, E70 Series E70, and Software Tools NC Trainer2 and NC Trainer2 plus allows a remote attacker to cause an out-of-bounds read, resulting in a denial-of-service condition by sending specially crafted packets to TCP port 683. [CVSS 5.9 MEDIUM]
Medium severity vulnerability in ImageMagick. A 32-bit unsigned integer overflow in the XWD (X Windows) encoder can cause an undersized heap buffer allocation. When writing a extremely large image an out of bounds heap write can occur.
Medium severity vulnerability in ImageMagick. A crafted image could cause an out of bounds heap write inside the WaveletDenoiseImage method. When processing a crafted image with the -wavelet-denoise operation an out of bounds write can occur.
BilateralBlurImage contains a heap buffer over-read caused by an incorrect conversion. When processing a crafted image with the `-bilateral-blur` operation an out of bounds read can occur. ``` ================================================================= ==676172==ERROR: AddressSanitizer: heap-buffer-overflow on address 0x50a0000079c0 at pc 0x57b483c722f7 bp 0x7fffc0acd380 sp 0x7fffc0acd370 READ of size 4 at 0x50a0000079c0 thread T0 ```
Medium severity vulnerability in ImageMagick. A heap-based buffer overflow in the UHDR encoder can happen due to truncation of a value and it would allow an out of bounds write.
High severity vulnerability in ImageMagick. MagnifyImage uses a fixed-size stack buffer. When using a specific image it is possible to overflow this buffer and corrupt the stack.
ImageMagick is free and open-source software used for editing and manipulating digital images. versions up to 7.1.2-16 is affected by buffer overflow (CVSS 5.7).
High severity vulnerability in ImageMagick. An integer overflow in DIB coder can result in out of bounds read or write
Heap over-read in ImageMagick's MAT decoder prior to versions 7.1.2-16 and 6.9.13-41 results from incorrect arithmetic parenthesization, allowing remote attackers to leak sensitive memory contents and cause denial of service through crafted MAT image files. The vulnerability requires no authentication or user interaction and affects systems using vulnerable ImageMagick versions for image processing. No patch is currently available, leaving users dependent on upgrading to patched versions when released.
Medium severity vulnerability in ImageMagick. A stack buffer overflow vulnerability exists in the MNG encoder. There is a bounds checks missing that could corrupting the stack with attacker-controlled data.
Medium severity vulnerability in ImageMagick. A heap-buffer-overflow vulnerability exists in the PCL encode due to an undersized output buffer allocation.
High severity vulnerability in ImageMagick. A stack buffer overflow exists in ImageMagick's morphology kernel parsing functions. User-controlled kernel strings exceeding a buffer are copied into fixed-size stack buffers via memcpy without bounds checking, resulting in stack corruption.
Stack buffer overflow vulnerability in D-Link DIR-513 v1.10 via the curTime parameter to goform/formdumpeasysetup. [CVSS 7.5 HIGH]
Stack buffer overflow vulnerability in D-Link DIR-513 v1.10 via the curTime parameter to goform/formSetWAN_Wizard534. [CVSS 7.5 HIGH]
Stack buffer overflow vulnerability in D-Link DIR-513 v1.10 via the curTime parameter to goform/formSetWAN_Wizard52. [CVSS 7.5 HIGH]
GNU Binutils thru 2.45.1 readelf contains a denial-of-service vulnerability when processing a crafted binary with malformed DWARF .debug_rnglists data. [CVSS 6.2 MEDIUM]
The rtsock_msg_buffer() function serializes routing information into a buffer. As a part of this, it copies sockaddr structures into a sockaddr_storage structure on the stack. [CVSS 7.5 HIGH]
Remote code execution in UTT HiPER 810G firmware through version 1.7.7-1711 via a buffer overflow in the /goform/formApMail handler allows authenticated attackers to achieve complete system compromise. Public exploit code exists for this vulnerability, and no patch is currently available, leaving affected devices at elevated risk. The attack requires network access but no user interaction, making it a significant threat to organizations using this device.
Unauthenticated remote attackers can achieve complete system compromise (code execution, data theft, and denial of service) against UTT HiPER 810G firmware versions up to 1.7.7-1711 through a buffer overflow in the /goform/getOneApConfTempEntry endpoint. Public exploit code is available and actively being leveraged in attacks. No patch is currently available for affected devices.
Stack-based buffer overflow in Tenda FH1202 firmware version 1.2.0.14(408) allows authenticated remote attackers to achieve complete system compromise through a malformed page parameter in the /goform/P2pListFilter endpoint. Public exploit code exists for this vulnerability, and no patch is currently available, leaving affected devices at immediate risk of code execution and data theft.
A low-privileged remote attacker can trigger a stack-based buffer overflow via a crafted HTTP POST request using the ubr-network method resulting in full device compromise. [CVSS 8.8 HIGH]
Stack overflow in Tenda FH1202 firmware version 1.2.0.14(408) allows authenticated attackers to achieve remote code execution through a malicious page parameter in the /goform/DhcpListClient endpoint. Public exploit code is available and the vulnerability remains unpatched, creating significant risk for deployed devices. This affects both the Tenda FH1202 router and Stack Overflow services with high severity impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability.
Stack-based buffer overflow in Tenda FH1202 firmware version 1.2.0.14(408) allows remote authenticated attackers to achieve complete system compromise through manipulation of the page parameter in the /goform/NatStaticSetting function. Public exploit code exists for this vulnerability and no patch is currently available. The flaw requires valid credentials but can be exploited over the network with no user interaction.
Stack-based buffer overflow in Tenda FH1202 firmware version 1.2.0.14(408) allows remote authenticated attackers to achieve full system compromise through manipulation of the webSiteId parameter in the /goform/webtypelibrary function. Public exploit code exists for this vulnerability, and no patch is currently available. The high CVSS score of 8.8 reflects the potential for complete confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact.
Remote code execution in Atop Technologies EHG2408-series industrial Ethernet switches (including the EHG2408 and EHG2408-2SFP firmware) allows unauthenticated attackers to hijack the device's execution flow via a stack-based buffer overflow and run arbitrary code. The flaw was reported through Taiwan's CERT (TWCERT) and carries a CVSS 4.0 base score of 9.3, reflecting fully unauthenticated network exploitation with high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis, and the EPSS score is low (0.14%, 34th percentile), suggesting exploitation has not yet been observed at scale.
Stack overflow in Tenda FH1202 firmware version 1.2.0.14(408) allows remote attackers with low privileges to execute arbitrary code through crafted mit_ssid parameters sent to the AdvSetWrlsafeset function. Public exploit code exists for this vulnerability and no patch is currently available. The attack requires network access but no user interaction, making it readily exploitable in affected deployments.
Remote code execution in Tenda i3 1.0.0.6(2204) firmware allows unauthenticated attackers to achieve full system compromise through a stack-based buffer overflow in the WifiMacFilterSet function. Public exploit code exists for this vulnerability, increasing the risk of active exploitation. No patch is currently available, requiring immediate mitigation through network segmentation or device isolation.
Remote code execution in Tenda i3 firmware versions up to 1.0.0.6(2204) via stack-based buffer overflow in the WiFi MAC filter function allows unauthenticated attackers to achieve full system compromise over the network. Public exploit code exists for this vulnerability and no patch is currently available. The flaw requires only low complexity to exploit and affects the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of affected devices.
Stack-based buffer overflow in Tenda i3 1.0.0.6(2204) firmware allows authenticated remote attackers to achieve code execution by manipulating the cmdinput parameter in the /goform/exeCommand function. Public exploit code exists for this vulnerability and no patch is currently available, placing affected devices at immediate risk.
Stack-based buffer overflow in Tenda i3 1.0.0.6(2204) firmware allows authenticated remote attackers to achieve complete system compromise through manipulation of ping parameters in the setAutoPing function. Public exploit code exists for this vulnerability and no patch is currently available, creating significant risk for affected deployments.
Stack overflow in Tenda i3 firmware version 1.0.0.6(2204) allows authenticated remote attackers to achieve full system compromise through a malformed funcpara1 parameter in the /goform/setcfm endpoint. Public exploit code exists for this vulnerability, and no patch is currently available. An attacker with network access and valid credentials can execute arbitrary code with full system privileges.