Buffer Overflow

Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows Biometric Service (WinBioSvc) enables an authenticated local attacker to escalate privileges on a broad range of Windows client and server releases. The flaw (CWE-122) requires only a low-privileged local session and no user interaction, making it a reliable second-stage payload in multi-step attack chains. Microsoft has released patches across all affected build lines; no public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis.

Heap-based buffer overflow in the Microsoft Standard XPS (XML Paper Specification) subsystem allows a low-privileged authenticated attacker to escalate to full system-level privileges across a broad range of Windows versions. The flaw (CWE-122) requires high attack complexity and user interaction, making opportunistic mass exploitation less likely, but the full C:H/I:H/A:H impact on successful exploitation is severe. Patch versions have been released by Microsoft for all affected Windows builds; no public exploit or CISA KEV listing identified at time of analysis.

Local privilege escalation in the Windows USB Audio Class kernel driver (usbaudio.sys) is achievable by any standard local user via a heap-based buffer overflow (CWE-122). The flaw spans nearly every supported Windows release from Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1, making the attack surface extremely broad. An attacker who already holds a low-privileged local account can exploit this with low complexity and no user interaction to gain full control of the machine; no public exploit or active exploitation is confirmed at time of analysis.

Stack-based buffer overflow in Win32K, the Windows kernel-mode graphics and windowing subsystem, allows a low-privileged authenticated attacker to escalate privileges to SYSTEM level across a wide range of Microsoft Windows client and server editions. The network attack vector (AV:N) combined with user interaction requirement (UI:R) indicates the vulnerable code path can be triggered remotely, most plausibly through Remote Desktop Protocol sessions where Win32K processes graphical input on behalf of remote users. Patches are available from Microsoft for all affected versions; no public exploit or CISA KEV confirmation has been identified at time of analysis.

Local privilege escalation in the Windows Biometric Service (WbioSrvc) allows a low-privileged authenticated local user to gain full SYSTEM-level control via a CWE-190 integer overflow that leads to memory corruption. The vulnerability spans a broad swath of Windows desktop and server releases - from Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2016 through 2025 - making the exposure surface very wide. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis; the issue was reported through Microsoft's MSRC channel and a vendor patch is available.

Privilege escalation via an out-of-bounds read in the Windows USB Driver affects a broad range of Windows client and server editions, enabling a locally authenticated low-privilege attacker to gain full SYSTEM-level control without user interaction. The CVSS 3.1 vector (AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H) reflects low attack complexity with no special setup required beyond a valid local session. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis, though the ubiquitous Windows footprint and accessibility of the USB driver to standard user accounts make this a credible post-compromise privilege escalation primitive.

Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows Biometric Service enables local privilege escalation across a broad range of Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server releases. An authorized local user - already holding a standard low-privileged account - can trigger the overflow to gain full SYSTEM-level control (C:H/I:H/A:H) without any user interaction. Microsoft has released patches through the July 2026 Patch Tuesday cycle; no public exploit or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis.

Heap-based buffer overflow in the Windows Volume Manager Extension Driver enables network-based remote code execution across virtually all supported Windows client and server releases, from Windows Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2025. The CVSS 8.8 vector (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R) confirms unauthenticated network exploitability requiring one user interaction, likely triggered when a victim accesses or mounts a malicious network resource that causes the kernel-mode driver to process attacker-controlled data. Microsoft has released patches across the full affected version matrix; no public exploit has been identified at time of analysis.

Stack-based buffer overflow (CWE-121) in the Windows Storage Spaces Controller driver enables local privilege escalation to SYSTEM across a wide range of Windows client and server releases. An authenticated local user with low-privilege access can trigger the overflow without user interaction, yielding full confidentiality, integrity, and availability compromise of the affected host. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis; however, Microsoft has released patches addressing all affected build ranges.

Heap-based buffer overflow in Microsoft Office enables remote unauthenticated attackers to achieve arbitrary code execution by convincing a target user to open a specially crafted Office document delivered over a network. All major Office perpetual and subscription releases are affected, spanning versions from Office 2016 through Microsoft 365 Apps for Enterprise and LTSC 2024. Vendor-released patches are available via Microsoft Security Response Center; no public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis, though the high-impact, low-complexity CVSS profile warrants prioritized patching in enterprise environments.

Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows DCOM Server enables a locally authenticated, low-privilege attacker to escalate to SYSTEM-level on affected hosts via a malformed DCOM activation or marshaling request. The vulnerability (CWE-122) spans effectively the entire active Microsoft Windows ecosystem - from end-of-life Server 2012 through current Windows 11 26H1 and Server 2025 - amplifying aggregate exposure significantly. No public exploit code and no CISA KEV listing have been identified at time of analysis; however, the low attack complexity and absence of user interaction requirements make this a practical post-initial-access privilege escalation primitive.

Heap-based buffer overflow in the Windows CD-ROM kernel driver allows a locally authenticated low-privileged user to escalate privileges to SYSTEM level across a broad range of Windows client and server releases from Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2012 through 2025. The vulnerability is exploitable with no user interaction and low attack complexity, making it an effective second-stage payload for post-access privilege escalation. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing exists at time of analysis; Microsoft has released patches via the regular update cycle.

Stack-based buffer overflow in Microsoft's Local Security Authority Server (lsasrv.dll) enables a locally authenticated attacker with standard user privileges to escalate to SYSTEM-level access on affected Windows systems. The flaw spans the entire modern Windows ecosystem - from Windows Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2025 - making it broadly applicable in enterprise environments. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis, but the patch is vendor-released and should be prioritized given lsasrv's privileged role in Windows authentication infrastructure.

Remote code execution in the Microsoft UxTheme Library (uxtheme.dll) across a broad range of Windows client and server releases stems from an integer underflow that leads to a heap-based buffer overflow. Microsoft rates it CVSS 9.8 with a network vector and no user interaction, meaning an attacker could achieve full compromise (confidentiality, integrity, and availability) if the vulnerable code path is reachable. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV; a vendor patch is available.

Heap-based buffer overflow in Microsoft's Standard XPS (XML Paper Specification) document processing component enables an authenticated, low-privileged attacker to escalate privileges across a broad range of Windows versions from Server 2012 through Server 2025 and Windows 10/11. Exploitation requires user interaction and high attack complexity, limiting automated or opportunistic attacks despite the network attack vector. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis, and Microsoft has released patches with confirmed fixed build numbers.

Heap-based buffer overflow in Microsoft's Windows XPS (XML Paper Specification) document handling component enables a network-reachable, low-privileged authenticated attacker to escalate privileges to a higher level, with full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact on the affected system. The vulnerability spans an exceptionally broad range of Windows client and server releases from Windows Server 2012 through Windows Server 2025 and Windows 10/11. No public exploit or KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis, but a vendor patch is available.

Heap-based buffer overflow in usbaudio.sys, the Windows USB Audio Class kernel driver, enables a local low-privileged attacker to achieve full privilege escalation to SYSTEM-level code execution. The vulnerability affects every major Windows release from Windows Server 2012 and Windows 10 1607 through the latest Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2025, representing an exceptionally broad patching scope. Microsoft has released build-specific patches for all affected OS versions; no public exploit or active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis.

Remote code execution in Windows DHCP Server results from a CWE-190 integer overflow that an unauthenticated network attacker can trigger to achieve full code execution on affected systems. The flaw spans Windows Server editions from 2012 through 2025 and select Windows 10 builds, placing a large swath of enterprise infrastructure at risk. Vendor patches are available via MSRC; no public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis, though the network-exposed, privilege-free attack surface warrants prompt remediation.

Heap-based buffer overflow in the Microsoft Standard XPS (XML Paper Specification) component affects a broad range of Windows desktop and server editions, enabling a locally authenticated attacker with standard user privileges to escalate to higher privilege levels. The CVSS vector (AV:L/AC:H/PR:L) confirms exploitation requires physical or interactive local access and elevated attack complexity, but successful exploitation yields full C:H/I:H/A:H impact - consistent with achieving SYSTEM-level code execution. No public exploit code and no CISA KEV listing have been identified at time of analysis; vendor-released patches are available across all affected Windows builds.

Privilege escalation to full system control is possible in Windows Error Reporting (WER) across a broad span of Microsoft Windows desktop and server releases. An authenticated, low-privileged attacker who can trigger user interaction can exploit a heap-based buffer overflow (CWE-122) over the network to achieve high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact - effectively gaining elevated privileges on the target system. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis, but the breadth of affected versions and the network-exploitable nature of the flaw make it a significant enterprise patching priority.

Heap-based buffer overflow in Microsoft Standard XPS (XML Paper Specification), the Windows-integrated document format and print subsystem, enables a low-privileged local user to escalate to SYSTEM or administrator-level privileges across a broad range of Windows desktop and server releases. The flaw falls under CWE-122 and, given AC:L/PR:L/UI:N, requires only an existing standard user session and the ability to trigger XPS processing - no race condition or second-user interaction is needed. Microsoft has released patches for all affected builds; no public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis.

Heap-based buffer overflow in the Microsoft Standard XPS document handling component enables a locally authenticated attacker with low privileges to escalate to full system control across a broad range of Windows client and server releases. The vulnerability (CWE-122) resides in XPS processing logic and requires only a valid user account - no administrative rights - to trigger heap corruption and achieve arbitrary code execution at elevated privilege. Vendor patch is available via MSRC; no public exploit or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis.

Heap-based buffer overflow in Microsoft's Standard XPS (XML Paper Specification) component across Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server versions from 2012 through 2025 enables a low-privileged authenticated attacker to escalate to full system control. Exploitation requires high attack complexity and active user interaction - consistent with a scenario where a specially crafted XPS document must be opened by the target. No public exploit code and no CISA KEV listing have been identified at time of analysis; vendor patch is available via Microsoft's update infrastructure.

Privilege escalation in Microsoft Standard XPS (XML Paper Specification), a document processing and print pipeline component embedded across Windows desktop and server editions, allows a locally authenticated low-privileged user to achieve full system compromise. The heap-based buffer overflow (CWE-122) produces high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact (C:H/I:H/A:H) consistent with SYSTEM-level takeover. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis; vendor patch is available via Windows Update.

Local privilege escalation in Microsoft Standard XPS (XML Paper Specification) affects a broad swath of Windows operating systems via a heap-based buffer overflow in the XPS document handling component. An authenticated local attacker with standard user privileges can trigger the overflow to gain full system-level access, achieving high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact. No public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis; vendor patch is available.

Privilege escalation to SYSTEM level is achievable in the Windows Kernel across Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server 2016 through 2025 via a heap-based buffer overflow (CWE-122). A local attacker with standard user credentials can trigger the overflow under high-complexity conditions to fully compromise kernel security structures, achieving complete confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact. Microsoft has released patched builds across all affected product lines; no public exploit has been identified at time of analysis.

Heap-based buffer overflow in the Windows Win32K kernel graphics subsystem allows a low-privileged, authenticated remote attacker to elevate privileges to SYSTEM-level on affected Windows hosts. The flaw spans an exceptionally wide range of Microsoft Windows versions - from Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Server 2025 - making the potential blast radius substantial. No public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis, though a vendor patch is available and should be applied promptly given the full C:H/I:H/A:H impact triad.

Stack-based buffer overflow in the Windows Fast FAT Driver (fastfat.sys) enables an authenticated low-privilege attacker to escalate to SYSTEM-level privileges on affected Windows hosts via a network attack vector. Spanning Windows 10 through Windows 11 and Windows Server 2012 through 2025, the flaw (EUVD-2026-73204) requires user interaction but yields complete confidentiality, integrity, and availability compromise of the targeted system. Microsoft has released patches across all affected version branches; no public exploit has been identified at time of analysis.

Heap-based buffer overflow in the Windows Storage Spaces Controller driver allows a low-privileged local attacker to execute arbitrary code, almost certainly resulting in privilege escalation to SYSTEM or kernel-level access. The flaw (CWE-122) affects a broad swath of supported Windows releases - from Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2016 through Server 2025 - making it a high-priority patching target across both desktop and server environments. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis, but the local-EoP class is highly sought after for post-compromise lateral movement and sandbox escapes.

Heap-based buffer overflow in the Windows Program Compatibility Assistant (PCA) Service enables a low-privileged authenticated attacker to escalate privileges to SYSTEM over a network connection. The vulnerability affects a broad swath of Microsoft Windows releases from Server 2012 through Server 2025 and Windows 10/11, and requires user interaction to trigger the memory corruption. Vendor patch is available; no public exploit code or active exploitation via CISA KEV has been identified at time of analysis.

Local code execution via buffer over-read in the Windows NTFS driver affects a wide swath of Microsoft Windows releases, from Server 2012 through Windows 11 version 26H1. An authenticated local attacker with low-privileged access can trigger the CWE-126 flaw to achieve full C:H/I:H/A:H impact, indicating a kernel-level privilege escalation path rather than a simple memory leak. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis, and Microsoft has released patched builds for all affected product lines.

Heap-based buffer overflow in the Microsoft Account component of Windows 11 and Windows Server 2025 enables local privilege escalation to full system access. An authorized local attacker with standard user-level privileges exploits CWE-122 heap corruption to gain complete control over confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the affected host. Vendor-released patches are available for all affected builds; no public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis.

Local privilege escalation in Windows Print Spooler Components allows a low-privileged authenticated user to gain SYSTEM-level access on affected Windows hosts via a heap-based buffer overflow (CWE-122). The vulnerability spans a broad set of Windows releases, from Windows Server 2012 and Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2025, requiring only a standard local user account and no user interaction to exploit. No public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis; Microsoft has released patches for all affected versions.

Heap-based buffer overflow in the Windows Program Compatibility Assistant (PCA) Service enables a locally authenticated, low-privileged attacker to escalate privileges to SYSTEM on affected Windows endpoints. The flaw spans an exceptionally broad swath of Microsoft's Windows ecosystem - from Windows 10 version 1607 and Windows Server 2012 through current Windows 11 and Server 2025 releases - making it a high-priority local escalation primitive across enterprise environments. No public exploit code and no CISA KEV listing exist at time of analysis, though the low-complexity, no-user-interaction CVSS vector renders this a realistic post-compromise escalation step requiring no special conditions beyond a standard user session.

Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows Storage Spaces Controller (CWE-122) enables a local attacker with low-privilege access to achieve full code execution at SYSTEM level on affected Windows hosts. Spanning the entire currently supported Windows ecosystem - from Windows 10 1607 and Server 2016 through Windows 11 26H1 and Server 2025 - the vulnerability's reach is exceptionally broad, though exploitation is bounded by the requirement for an existing local foothold. Microsoft has released patched builds for all affected versions; no public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis.

Heap-based buffer overflow in the Windows NTFS driver enables local privilege escalation across virtually every supported Windows version, from Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2025. An authorized low-privileged local attacker can trigger the overflow (CWE-122) with low complexity and no user interaction to achieve full confidentiality, integrity, and availability compromise - effectively gaining SYSTEM-level access. No public exploit or KEV listing is identified at time of analysis, but the low attack complexity and broad platform coverage make this a high-priority patch for enterprise environments.

Remote code execution in the Windows USB Mass Storage Class Driver (usbstor/UASP stack) stems from a heap-based buffer overflow reachable when the driver parses attacker-influenced storage descriptors. Microsoft rates it CVSS 9.8 with a network attack vector, meaning an unauthorized attacker could execute arbitrary code, though the affected component is a USB device-class driver, which typically implies physical or proximate device presentation rather than pure remote access. A vendor patch is available across all supported Windows client and server builds; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV.

Stack-based buffer overflow (CWE-121) in the Windows NTFS driver enables a low-privileged, authenticated attacker to escalate privileges to higher system levels over a network, achieving full confidentiality, integrity, and availability compromise. The flaw spans a broad range of Windows releases - from Windows Server 2012 through Windows 11 version 26H1 and Windows Server 2025 - making the attack surface extensive. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis; a vendor-released patch is available via Microsoft's update guide.

Stack-based buffer overflow in Windows NTFS (CWE-121) enables a low-privileged network-authenticated attacker to achieve full privilege escalation on affected Microsoft Windows systems, potentially reaching SYSTEM-level access. The vulnerability spans a very wide range of products from Windows Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2025, and Microsoft has confirmed the issue and released patched builds. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, and the vulnerability does not appear in CISA KEV.

Privilege escalation in Windows NTFS allows a locally authenticated attacker with standard user rights to gain SYSTEM-level access via an integer overflow in the NTFS kernel driver. The vulnerability (CWE-190) spans virtually every supported Windows desktop and server release from Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2012 through Server 2025. Microsoft has released corrective patches; no public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis.

Remote code execution against the Windows Remote Desktop Client is achievable by an unauthenticated network attacker who induces a victim to connect to a malicious RDP server, triggering a CWE-122 heap buffer overflow in the client process with full C:H/I:H/A:H impact. The affected surface spans all actively supported Windows versions from Windows 10 1607 and Server 2016 through Windows 11 26H1 and Server 2025, as well as end-of-life Windows Server 2012 and 2012 R2. A vendor patch is available via Microsoft's update channel; no public exploit code and no CISA KEV entry have been identified at time of analysis.

Privilege escalation in Windows GDI+ (Graphics Device Interface Plus) allows a network-accessible, low-privileged attacker who can induce user interaction to gain SYSTEM-level or elevated privileges via an integer underflow that triggers a heap-based buffer overflow. The vulnerability spans virtually all supported Windows releases from Server 2012 through Server 2025 and Windows 11 version 26H1, making it exceptionally broad in scope. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, but a vendor-released patch is available through Microsoft's Security Response Center.

Heap-based buffer overflow in Microsoft SQL Server allows a low-privileged local attacker to execute arbitrary code with full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact on the SQL Server host. Affected versions span four major release generations - SQL Server 2017 through 2025 - across both Cumulative Update and GDR servicing tracks, indicating a systemic code path defect rather than an isolated regression. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing exists at time of analysis; vendor-released patches are available for all affected builds.

Heap-based buffer overflow in Microsoft SQL Server 2017 through 2025 enables an authenticated network attacker with low-level database credentials to achieve full remote code execution on the SQL Server host. The CVSS 8.8 (PR:L) rating reflects that any valid SQL Server login - not just a DBA - can trigger the overflow, making this dangerous in environments with broad user bases or shared credentials. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, but patches are available from Microsoft across all affected major versions.

Heap-based buffer overflow in Microsoft SQL Server (2017 through 2025) enables network-reachable, low-privileged authenticated attackers to execute arbitrary code on the database server. With CVSS 8.8 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N), exploitation requires only a valid database login - no administrative privileges or user interaction - making this a credible lateral-movement vector in environments with reachable SQL Server instances. Vendor patches are available across all affected GDR and CU servicing tracks; no public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis.

Heap-based buffer overflow in the Microsoft SQL Server engine (SQL Server 2022 and SQL Server 2025 on x64) can let an attacker corrupt heap memory and potentially achieve code execution under the database service account over a network connection. Microsoft's own description frames the attacker as 'authorized,' meaning a valid SQL Server login or compromised database credentials plus network reachability to the engine are required, and our independent assessment scores the issue as CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H rather than the vendor-published 9.8 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N), which would imply fully unauthenticated remote code execution and contradicts the stated authorization prerequisite. CISA's SSVC evaluation records no exploitation and marks the flaw non-automatable, and no public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis; EPSS is low at 0.83% (55th percentile), though the aggregate C:H/I:H/A:H impact makes prompt patching of exposed instances worthwhile.

Heap-based buffer overflow in Microsoft SQL Server 2025 allows a network-authenticated low-privileged attacker to achieve remote code execution against affected database instances. Both the GDR servicing branch (below 17.0.1135.8) and the CU8 cumulative update branch (below 17.0.4085.5) are vulnerable. Microsoft has released patches via MSRC; no public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis.

Heap-based buffer overflow in Microsoft SQL Server 2017 through 2025 enables an authenticated low-privilege network attacker to execute arbitrary code on the database host. The vulnerability (CWE-122) resides in a network-reachable code path, requiring only valid SQL Server credentials - no elevated database roles or special configuration. No public exploit code and no CISA KEV listing have been identified at time of analysis, but the full CIA impact and low attack complexity make this a high-priority patching target in enterprise environments.

Remote code execution in Microsoft SQL Server 2025 is achievable by a network-authenticated attacker exploiting a heap-based buffer overflow in the database engine. The flaw (CWE-122) affects both the GDR and CU8 cumulative update branches of SQL Server 2025, requires only a low-privilege database login (PR:L per CVSS), and yields full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact upon successful exploitation. Vendor patch is available via the Microsoft Security Response Center; no public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis.

Heap-based buffer overflow in Microsoft SQL Server 2017, 2019, 2022, and 2025 (x64) can be triggered over the network and, if exploited successfully, allows code execution in the context of the SQL Server engine process on the database host. Microsoft describes the attacker as 'authorized', and the assessed vector requires a valid authenticated session (PR:L, AC:H), which is stricter than the 9.8 unauthenticated headline score from the NVD entry; no public exploit code has been identified and EPSS is low at 0.63% (48th percentile), with CISA SSVC recording Exploitation: none and Automatable: no. Vendor patches are available, and only instances at or above the corrected build thresholds are protected.

Heap-based buffer overflow in Microsoft SQL Server enables a low-privileged authenticated attacker to remotely execute arbitrary code on the database server. All major active SQL Server branches are affected - 2017, 2019, 2022, and the newly released 2025 edition - across both Cumulative Update (CU) and General Distribution Release (GDR) servicing tracks. Microsoft has released build-specific patches; no public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis.

Remote code execution in Microsoft SQL Server affects versions 2017 through 2025 via an integer overflow that triggers a heap-based buffer overflow in the database engine. An authenticated low-privileged attacker reachable over the network can exploit this flaw to achieve full system compromise - confidentiality, integrity, and availability all rated High. No public exploit or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis, and Microsoft has released patched builds across all affected version branches.

Heap-based buffer overflow in Microsoft SQL Server enables an authenticated, low-privileged network attacker to escalate privileges to full control of the database instance. Affected versions span SQL Server 2017 through the newly released SQL Server 2025 across both Cumulative Update (CU) and General Distribution Release (GDR) servicing tracks. Vendor-released patches are available; no public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis.

Remote code execution is possible in Microsoft SQL Server 2017 through 2025 via a heap-based buffer overflow (CWE-122) triggered over a network connection by a low-privileged authenticated attacker. The vulnerability spans all major in-support release branches including GDR and Cumulative Update servicing tracks, with fixed builds identified across eight distinct release configurations. No active exploitation has been confirmed in CISA KEV, but the low attack complexity and broad version coverage make this a high-priority patch target for any organization running SQL Server on the network perimeter or in multi-tenant environments.

Stack-based buffer overflow in Microsoft SQL Server 2019, 2022, and 2025 enables an authenticated network attacker with low-level privileges to execute arbitrary code, with scope change enabling impact beyond the SQL Server process itself. The vulnerability carries CVSS 8.5 (S:C) with high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact, indicating that successful exploitation can compromise not just the database engine but potentially the underlying OS. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis and the vulnerability is not listed in the CISA KEV catalog, though CVSS AC:H reflects meaningful exploitation complexity requiring careful payload construction against modern memory protections.

Denial-of-service via integer overflow in Microsoft SQL Server allows unauthenticated remote attackers to crash the database service over a network connection. Affected versions span SQL Server 2017 through 2025 across both Cumulative Update and GDR branches. Microsoft has released patches; no public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis.

Remote code execution in Microsoft SQL Server 2025 is achievable by low-privileged authenticated attackers over the network via a heap-based buffer overflow (CWE-122). Both the GDR (General Distribution Release) and CU8 (Cumulative Update 8) servicing tracks for SQL Server 2025 are affected, spanning version ranges 17.0.1050.2-17.0.1135.8 and 17.0.0.0-17.0.4085.5 respectively. Vendor patches are available through the Microsoft Security Response Center; no public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified at the time of analysis.

Heap-based buffer overflow in Active Directory Certificate Services (AD CS) on Windows allows a locally authenticated, low-privileged attacker to escalate to full system control. Tracked under ENISA EUVD-2026-73369 and reported directly by Microsoft's security team, the flaw spans Windows Server 2012 through 2025 and multiple Windows 10/11 release tracks. Microsoft has released patches; no CISA KEV listing or public proof-of-concept has been identified at time of analysis.

Remote code execution in Windows Media Foundation enables a network-based attacker to trigger a heap-based buffer overflow by luring a user into opening a maliciously crafted media file, yielding full confidentiality, integrity, and availability compromise of the affected session. Affected builds span Windows 11 versions 24H2, 25H2, and 26H1 as well as Windows Server 2025 (including Server Core). Microsoft has released patches addressing all listed build ranges; no public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis.

Stack-based buffer overflow (CWE-121) in Windows Media Foundation enables remote code execution across a broad range of Microsoft Windows versions, from Windows 10/Server 2012 through Windows 11/Server 2025. The CVSS vector (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R) indicates network-delivered exploitation requiring user interaction, consistent with a malicious media file scenario where a victim opens or previews attacker-controlled content. Vendor patch is available; no public exploit code or CISA KEV listing identified at time of analysis.

Heap-based buffer overflow in the Microsoft Windows Codecs Library (HEVC Video Extensions) enables local privilege escalation on Windows systems. Three distinct Store app variants - the base edition, the licensed-application edition, and the device-manufacturer-bundled edition - are all affected across specific version ranges. An attacker who can deliver a specially crafted HEVC media file and induce a local user to open it gains full C:H/I:H/A:H impact, effectively achieving code execution at an elevated privilege level. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis.

Heap-based buffer overflow in Microsoft HEVC Video Extensions (Windows Codecs Library) enables local code execution with the full privileges of the targeted user when a victim opens or previews a specially crafted HEVC/H.265 video file. Three distinct distribution variants of the codec are affected - the standalone Store app, the device-manufacturer-bundled version, and the licensed-applications edition - all requiring upgrade to their respective patched releases. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis, but the user-interaction trigger (opening a video file) creates a viable social engineering vector.

Out-of-bounds memory write in MongoDB Server 8.3.x allows authenticated users with write privileges to crash the mongod server process or potentially achieve arbitrary code execution by supplying crafted storage engine configuration parameters at collection creation time. Versions 8.3.0 through 8.3.8 are affected; a vendor-released fix is available in 8.3.9. No public exploit code or confirmed active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis.

Use-after-free in MongoDB Server 8.3.x (versions 8.3.0 through 8.3.8) allows authenticated users holding read-only privileges to write to freed heap memory by issuing a specific sequence of standard database commands against the query execution memory tracking subsystem. The immediate consequence is a server process crash (denial of service); heap memory corruption may also enable more sophisticated follow-on exploitation. No public exploit or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis, and a vendor-released patch is available in 8.3.9.

Heap-based buffer overflow in the CommServe component of Commvault Cloud allows remote unauthenticated attackers to crash the CommServe service, causing denial of service to backup and recovery operations. Affected version branches span four maintenance tracks - 11.36.x, 11.40.x, 11.44.x, and 11.46.x - all below their respective patched maintenance releases. No public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis, and Commvault has released fixed maintenance releases per advisory CV_2026_08_4.

Stack-based buffer overflow in the CommServe component of Commvault Cloud allows unauthenticated remote attackers to crash the service, causing a denial of service across all affected release trains (11.36.x, 11.40.x, 11.44.x, 11.46.x). The CVSS 4.0 vector (AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N) indicates no authentication or special conditions are required to trigger the crash. No active exploitation (CISA KEV) or public proof-of-concept has been identified at time of analysis, and Commvault has released maintenance updates across all affected branches.

Guest-to-hypervisor privilege escalation in Xen allows a VM guest with a PCI device assigned - where the device exposes at least one Base Address Register (BAR) mapped to IO port space - to trigger a BUG() assertion in the Xen hypervisor, crashing or potentially compromising the host. The CVSS scope-changed vector (S:C, C:H/I:H/A:H) reflects cross-boundary impact: the attack originates inside a guest VM but affects the host hypervisor. Tracked as XSA-510, no public exploit is identified at time of analysis, and EPSS sits at 0.17% (7th percentile), consistent with a targeted-environment issue rather than mass exploitation.

Memory corruption in Siemens Reyrolle 7SR5 digital protection relays (all versions below V2.70) allows a physically-present, unauthenticated attacker to crash the device or potentially execute arbitrary code by sending malformed input over a proprietary communication protocol exposed exclusively during the device's special firmware-update mode. Siemens confirmed the flaw via advisory SSA-142885 and released V2.70 as the fix. No public exploit code or active exploitation has been identified at time of analysis.

Out-of-bounds write in Siemens Reyrolle 7SR5 protection relays (all firmware versions before V2.70) allows unauthenticated remote attackers to crash and reboot the device by sending a crafted HTTP request containing an oversized URL component. The flaw exists in pre-authentication HTTP message processing, meaning no credentials are required; a single malicious request can trigger a forced device reboot and a sustained denial-of-service condition. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis, but the OT/substation deployment context significantly amplifies the operational impact of availability loss.

Out-of-bounds write in D-Link DIR-822A firmware A_101 allows network-reachable authenticated attackers to corrupt memory and likely achieve remote code execution by sending a crafted L2TP control message with a malformed Host Name AVP to the vulnerable tunnel_set_params function. A public proof-of-concept demonstrating the specific Host Name AVP overflow has been published on Notion, substantially lowering the exploitation barrier. No vendor-released patch has been identified at time of analysis, leaving affected devices exposed without a direct remediation path.

Stack-based buffer overflow in D-Link DIR-895L router (firmware A1_102b07) affects the udhcpcd DHCP server daemon's sendOffer() and sendACK() functions when parsing TR-111 Option 125 vendor-specific data. An adjacent-network unauthenticated attacker can send a crafted DHCP packet to trigger the overflow, potentially achieving arbitrary code execution on the router with daemon-level privileges. A public proof-of-concept exploit has been published targeting this exact vector, and no vendor patch has been identified for this legacy device.

Remote unauthenticated denial-of-service (and possible memory corruption) in SAP's Extended Passport (EPP) processing library allows an attacker to send a crafted network request with a malformed EPP header, triggering a buffer overflow (CWE-120) that leads to undefined behavior and abnormal program termination. Any SAP application relying on the vulnerable EPP processing component is affected; SAP rates it CVSS 10.0. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, and it is not listed in CISA KEV.

Heap-based buffer overflow in the A2DP SBC audio decoder of Bestechnic BES2300 Bluetooth Audio SoC firmware v3.x and earlier allows an attacker within Bluetooth range to crash the device by sending a specially crafted L2CAP packet, triggering a denial-of-service condition. The vulnerable component, a2dp_decoder_sbc.cpp, fails to validate input length before copying data onto the heap, resulting in memory corruption. No public exploit code has been confirmed beyond a source-code reference, and no active exploitation has been reported (CISA KEV absent), though the attack is rated automatable by CISA SSVC.

Heap buffer overflow in 389 Directory Server's SASL I/O layer allows a remote authenticated attacker to crash the server or potentially execute arbitrary code. The root cause is an integer underflow in `sasl_io_read_packet()`: a crafted SASL record with a wire-format length of 0, 1, or 2 bytes causes an unsigned subtraction to wrap around, instructing `PR_Recv` to read approximately 4 GiB of attacker-controlled network data into a 1024-byte heap buffer. The flaw is explicitly distinct from CVE-2026-11774, whose patch addressed only upper-bound validation, leaving the lower-bound path unguarded. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis.

Stack-based buffer overflow in the D-Link DIR-822A (firmware A_101) router allows attackers to corrupt memory in the udhcpd DHCP server via an unbounded strcpy in serverpacket.c while parsing TR-111 DHCP Option 125. The exploit writeup and VulDB entry are public (publicly available exploit code exists), and successful exploitation can crash the DHCP service or achieve code execution on the device. No confirmed active exploitation (not in CISA KEV), but a working POC lowers the bar for opportunistic use against reachable devices.

Buffer overflow in Nordic Semiconductor's nRF Connect SDK Bluetooth CGMS RACP write handler allows an authenticated BLE peer within radio range to overflow a 20-byte static buffer into adjacent BSS memory. Exploitability and exact impact are build-specific: because BSS layout is determined at link time per firmware build, adjacent corrupted data may be security-neutral or may include function pointers or critical control structures enabling code execution or device crash. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis; the vulnerability was reported through YesWeHack.

Out-of-bounds write in Samsung's open-source Walrus WebAssembly runtime allows a crafted WASM component to corrupt process heap memory via a WASI 0.2 stream-read implementation flaw. The root cause is a `memcpy` in `WASI02Impl.cpp` that copies the requested read length (`size`) rather than the actual bytes read (`read`) from the buffer, writing beyond valid buffer bounds when a partial or short read occurs. A secondary defective bounds check for type-index validation in the WASM component parser compounds the attack surface. A proof-of-concept WASM file (`stream-read-oob-poc.wast`) was committed as part of the fix in PR #482, confirming exploitability; no public exploit independent of the fix has been identified at time of analysis.

Local privilege escalation in MediaTek's vdec (video decoder) kernel driver affects more than 53 distinct chipset variants via a heap-based out-of-bounds write stemming from a missing bounds check (CWE-122). An unprivileged local process on any affected device can trigger the flaw to achieve full kernel-level read, write, and execute access without requiring any user interaction. No public exploit code or active exploitation (CISA KEV) has been identified at time of analysis, though the sheer breadth of affected chipsets across MediaTek's mid-range and budget device portfolio makes systematic patch deployment a significant supply-chain challenge.

Heap buffer overflow in the vdec (video decoder) kernel driver across 53+ MediaTek SoCs allows a local unprivileged attacker to escalate privileges to kernel level with full system compromise. The CVSS vector (AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N) reflects that any Android app running on an affected device can trigger this flaw without special permissions or user interaction, consistent with typical Android kernel driver exposure. SSVC rates exploitation as 'none' and the attack as non-automatable, though technical impact is assessed as total; no public exploit or CISA KEV entry exists at time of analysis.

Buffer overflow in the Tenda HG10 router (firmware version 300001138) via the `formWanRedirect` function allows a network-authenticated attacker to overwrite control-flow data in the Boa embedded web server process, enabling remote code execution or device crash. The vulnerable endpoint `/boaform/formWanRedirect` fails to validate the length of the `if` argument before copying it into a fixed-size buffer (CWE-120). A public proof-of-concept exploit is available on GitHub, and no vendor-released patch has been identified at time of analysis.

Remote unauthenticated buffer overflow in Tenda HG10 firmware 300001138 allows network attackers to corrupt memory and likely achieve code execution via the formURL function at /boaform/admin/formURL. Oversized values in the Keywd or urlFQDN parameters are copied into a fixed-size buffer without length validation (CWE-120), with full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact per the CVSS 4.0 vector. A public proof-of-concept exploit is available on GitHub, raising near-term exploitation risk despite the absence of a CISA KEV listing.

Out-of-bounds heap write in PCRE2 before 10.48 allows memory corruption via the DFA matching engine when a cached workspace block is reused in a recursive context without the size check that guards a freshly allocated block of the same type. Applications that pass attacker-controlled regular expressions to pcre2_dfa_match, or that configure a small heap limit via the PCRE2 API while processing recursive patterns, are exploitable. No public exploit code has been identified at time of analysis, and the vulnerability is not listed in the CISA KEV catalog; however, PCRE2 10.48 ships a confirmed vendor fix alongside four other security patches in the same release.

Integer-overflow handling in libxml2's xmlIO output path lets a negative length reach application-supplied write callbacks, allowing memory corruption or denial of service in programs that serialize large XML documents. All libxml2 builds before 2.15.4 are affected; the upstream commit 90f293ba adds INT_MAX guards to xmlOutputBufferWrite and xmlOutputBufferFlush and the fix ships in 2.15.4 (also distributed via RHSA-2026:64463). CVSS is 7.3 (AV:L/PR:L), EPSS is only 0.12% (2nd percentile), there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis, and the issue is not listed in CISA KEV.

Let me produce the JSON. Key facts: libxml2 heap buffer overflow in xmlXPtrEvalXPtrPart due to xmlXPtrEval xpointer length saturation. CVSS 7.8 AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H. CWE-122. EPSS 0.13% (3rd percentile). Patch available, fixed in 2.15.4. No KEV, no POC mentioned. Note: CVSS is local vector, PR:L — so authenticated/local access needed. XPointer evaluation requires parsing untrusted XML/XPointer input. Actually the CVSS says AV:L PR:L which suggests local attacker with low privileges — but libxml2 is typically parsed remotely via XML input. There's a tension: the vector says local. I should note that in risk_assessment — conflicting signal. Product name: "libxml2" (2 words? it's one word). Fine. Prevalence: high — libxml2 is widely deployed (core library in many systems). Could argue "ubiquitous". libxml2 is in nearly every Linux distro, used by many apps. I'd say "high" or "ubiquitous". Given anchors: OpenSSL/nginx/Linux kernel = ubiquitous. libxml2 is comparably widespread as a library dependency. I'll say "ubiquitous"? Hmm. It's a core XML parsing library used by GNOME, PHP, Python lxml, many. I'd say "high" to be safe... Actually libxml2 is extremely pervasive. But prevalence is deployment footprint in production. I'll go with "high" with basis "ubiquitous XML parser library across Linux distributions and apps". Hmm, "ubiquitous" anchor is OpenSSL/nginx/kernel. libxml2 is arguably in that class. I'll choose "high" — widely deployed but often not directly network-exposed. Let me pick "high". Actually let me reconsider: libxml2 is bundled in virtually every Linux distro, used by PHP, Python, Ruby, GNOME, etc. That's arguably closer to ubiquitous. But the anchor "high" = widely-deployed enterprise software. I'll go with "high" and basis "core XML parser in most Linux distributions and many apps". Hmm, either is defensible. I'll say "high". assessed_cvss_vector: The vulnerability requires evaluating an XPointer with hostile input. Root cause: len

Let me construct the JSON. Key facts: libxml2 before 2.15.4, xmlSnprintfElements in valid.c, strcat stack buffer overflow, CWE-121. CVSS 7.8, AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H. EPSS 0.14% (3rd percentile). Patch available from vendor; commit d1686f91. Fix versions: 2.15.4. Red Hat RHSA-2026:64463. No KEV, no POC mentioned. Note the vector AV:L PR:L — local, low privileges. That's interesting because libxml2 is used in parsing. Local vector means the attacker needs to run code that triggers xmlSnprintfElements. Actually the CVSS provided says AV:L/PR:L. Hmm, that seems odd for a library parsing untrusted XML, but I should respect the input. Wait — actually, the input CVSS vector says AV:L/AC:L/PR:L. But note: the "CRITICAL FIELD" instructions say I should not infer auth from description. The vector is provided so I can say PR:L → "authenticated"/local low-privileged. Interesting tension: the vulnerable function is a validation error-message builder. xmlSnprintfElements builds the error message listing expected elements. It's triggered when validation fails on a deeply-nested/large content model — likely reachable via parsing untrusted XML with validation enabled (xmlValidateDocument / well-formedness? Actually valid.c is used for DTD validation). So remote attacks via parsing malicious XML with validation enabled could be possible; the AV:L in the provided vector may be conservative or wrong. I should flag that in risk_assessment — note conflicting signal. I'll write assessed_cvss_vector myself. Should I keep AV:L? The instruction: "Choose PR honestly: if exploitation requires control over configuration files, admin access, or authentication, use PR:H or PR:L — never PR:N for operator/config-dependent flaws. Use AV:L when the vector is local/config-only." Hmm. The vulnerability is in a library parsing XML documents. If an application validates untrusted XML with DTD validation, the buffer overflow could be triggered remotely (AV:N, PR:N, UI:N) in the context

An integer overflow in libxml2's xmlURIEscapeStr() URI-escaping routine, present in all versions before 2.15.4, allows heap memory corruption that can lead to code execution in the context of the process using the library (CVSS 7.8, AV:L/PR:L). The issue is reachable only by a local, low-privileged actor who can drive an oversized string into libxml2's URI handling helpers, and CISA's SSVC rates it non-automatable with no known exploitation. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing was identified; EPSS is 0.11% (1st percentile), and the fix landed upstream in the 2.15.4 release and in Red Hat errata RHSA-2026:64463.

Heap-based buffer overflow in libxml2 before 2.15.4, reachable through the internal dictionary routine xmlDictAddQString() in dict.c, which miscalculates the size of an exponentially growing string pool and can be driven past the integer range before allocating. Per the vendor-assigned CVSS vector the attack is local with low privileges (AV:L/PR:L), so it primarily affects applications, daemons, or sandboxed services that parse attacker-influenced XML under a constrained account. A vendor patch (2.15.4, commit a4cba4b5) and a Red Hat errata exist, but there is no CISA KEV listing and no confirmed public exploit — EPSS is only 0.12% (2nd percentile), so this is a patch-hygiene item rather than a fire drill.

Heap buffer overflow in ntop nDPI before version 6.0 allows unauthenticated network-adjacent or remote attackers to corrupt process heap memory by sending crafted packets containing TLS SNI values, HTTP headers, or DNS names with characters that expand during JSON escaping. The root cause in ndpi_json_string_escape (src/lib/ndpi_serializer.c) is that the original bounds check guarded only single-byte writes while escape sequences requiring 2 bytes (e.g., backslash-quote) or 6 bytes (e.g., \u00XX control-character escapes) silently overran the caller-supplied buffer. Vendor-released patch is available via commit 94e82c1 targeting the 6.0 release; no public exploit has been identified at time of analysis.

Out-of-bounds write in Unidata netcdf-c through 4.10.1 allows an attacker who can supply a crafted HDF5 file to corrupt process memory when the application enumerates HDF5 attribute names. The vulnerable function NC4_HDF5_inq_attname() in libhdf5/hdf5attr.c blindly copies HDF5-returned attribute names into a fixed 256-byte destination buffer without validating the source length, a classic CWE-787 stack/heap corruption sink. No public exploit code or CISA KEV listing has been identified at time of analysis, but the deterministic nature of the overflow and the wide use of netcdf-c in scientific pipelines make this a meaningful risk for any application that processes externally-sourced HDF5 data.

Heap buffer overflow in PJSIP pjproject's PJLIB-UTIL HTTP client allows a malicious or man-in-the-middle HTTP server to corrupt application heap memory or terminate the process by delivering a response body larger than twice the Content-Length-derived initial allocation. The flaw resides in http_client.c where the buffer growth logic performed only a single doubling, which is insufficient when the server-supplied Content-Length substantially underestimates the actual body size, causing pj_memcpy() to write beyond the allocation boundary. Only applications using the non-incremental whole-body completion callback are affected; the fix (commit 8d5956a) replaces single-doubling with a loop that guarantees the buffer fits the incoming data before any copy occurs.