What is the CVSS score of CVE-2025-60685?

CVE-2025-60685 has a CVSS 3.1 base score of 5.1 (Medium). CVSS vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:L. EPSS exploitation probability: 0.0%.

Is there a public PoC exploit available for CVE-2025-60685?

Yes, a public proof-of-concept exploit is available for CVE-2025-60685. Prioritise patching immediately. EPSS: 0.0%.

How to fix or mitigate CVE-2025-60685?

Within 30 days: Identify affected systems running the ToToLink A720R Router firmware and apply vendor patches as part of regular patch cycle. Monitor vendor channels for patch availability.

A720R Firmware CVE-2025-60685

MEDIUM

Stack-based Buffer Overflow (CWE-121)

2025-11-13 cve@mitre.org

RCE Buffer Overflow Stack Overflow A720R Firmware TOTOLINK

5.1

CVSS 3.1 · Vendor: mitre

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Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness	CWE CWE-121 OWASP Top 10:2025 A06:2021 - Vulnerable and Outdated Components ASVS 5.0 V15 - Secure Coding and Architecture Stack buffer bounds checking MITRE ATT&CK 1 technique across 1 tactic: Execution The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up. Sign in to read
Impact	CVSS score of 5.1 (MEDIUM). Attack characteristics: local attack vector, low complexity, no privileges required, no user interaction not required. Public proof-of-concept exploit code is available. EPSS exploitation probability: 0.03%.
Exploit ScenarioDerived	Successful exploitation could compromise the medium-severity affected system.

This Month Plan within 30 days. Why: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9).

No patch listed yet 0.0% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Mar 28, 2026

A stack buffer overflow exists in the ToToLink A720R Router firmware V4.1.5cu.614_B20230630 within the sysconf binary (sub_401EE0 function). Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.1), this vulnerability is no authentication required, low attack complexity. Public exploit code available and no vendor patch available.

RemediationAI

No vendor patch is available at time of analysis. Monitor vendor advisories for updates. Apply vendor patches when available. Implement network segmentation and monitoring as interim mitigations.

Affects your stack

Find out whether the stacks and servers you run are on an affected version.

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

This vulnerability is classified under CWE-121. A stack buffer overflow exists in the ToToLink A720R Router firmware V4.1.5cu.614_B20230630 within the sysconf binary (sub_401EE0 function). The binary reads the /proc/stat file using fgets() into a local buffer and subsequently parses the line using sscanf() into a single-byte variable with the %s format specifier. Maliciously crafted /proc/stat content can overwrite adjacent stack memory, potentially allowing an attacker with filesystem write privileges to execute arbitrary code on the device. Affected products include: Totolink A720R Firmware.

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Exploit and PoC references, threat intelligence from 22 sources

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Severity by source

Vendor (mitre) PRIMARY 5.1 MEDIUM

AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:L

Primary rating from Vendor (mitre) · only source for this CVE.

CVSS VectorVendor: mitre

Attack Vector

Local

Attack Complexity

Low

Privileges Required

None

User Interaction

None

Scope

Unchanged

Confidentiality

Low

Integrity

None

Availability

Low

Lifecycle Timeline

PoC Detected

Nov 17, 2025 - 21:50 vuln.today

Public exploit code

CVE Published

Nov 13, 2025 - 16:15 nvd

MEDIUM 5.1

DescriptionCVE.org

A stack buffer overflow exists in the ToToLink A720R Router firmware V4.1.5cu.614_B20230630 within the sysconf binary (sub_401EE0 function). The binary reads the /proc/stat file using fgets() into a local buffer and subsequently parses the line using sscanf() into a single-byte variable with the %s format specifier. Maliciously crafted /proc/stat content can overwrite adjacent stack memory, potentially allowing an attacker with filesystem write privileges to execute arbitrary code on the device.

Executive ViewAI

Why It Matters

Organizations using the ToToLink A720R Router firmware should be aware of moderate risk from CVE-2025-60685, a stack-based buffer overflow vulnerability rated CVSS 5.1. Exploitation could cause memory corruption or application crashes. Proof-of-concept code is publicly available. Organizations should apply vendor updates when available and monitor for exploitation.

Business Impact: Low

Compensating Controls

Apply vendor patch. If patching is delayed: enable ASLR/DEP, apply network segmentation.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score

0.0%

Top 91% exploitable

Exploit

POC

Public exploit code exists

Data Quality

4 sources

Confidence: Medium

NVD

CVE.org

EPSS

GitHub

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue

Severity MEDIUM

CISA KEV No

Public POC Yes

EPSS 0.0%

Patch available No

Active threat No

Deciding rule

MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9)

What every action level means

Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.

Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.

This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.

This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.

Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived

Defer

Exploitation· derived

Poc

System Exposure· derived

Small

Automatable· derived

Human Impact

Low

Priority Score

Low Medium High Critical

KEV: 0

EPSS: 0

CVSS: +26

PoC: +20

Weaponized: 0

Threat intel: 0

Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Buffer Overflow HIGH

A buffer overflow occurs when a program writes more data to a memory buffer than it was allocated to hold, causing the excess data to spill into adjacent memory regions.

Stack-based Buffer Overflow HIGH

A stack-based buffer overflow occurs when a program writes more data to a buffer located on the stack than it was allocated to hold.

Remote Code Execution CRITICAL

Remote Code Execution represents the critical moment when an attacker successfully runs arbitrary code on a target system without physical access.