Buffer Overflow
Monthly
Local code execution in the Windows Media component of supported Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server (2016 through 2025) releases lets an unauthorized attacker run arbitrary code when a victim opens a maliciously crafted media file. The flaw is a heap-based buffer overflow (CWE-122) reported by Microsoft with a vendor patch available; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis. CVSS is 7.8 (High), driven by full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact but gated by local vector and required user interaction.
Remote code execution in the Microsoft Windows DHCP Server role allows an unauthenticated network attacker to run arbitrary code by triggering a heap-based buffer overflow (CWE-122) in the service's packet handling. The flaw carries a critical CVSS 9.8 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N) and affects Windows Server 2012 through 2025 as well as the underlying Windows 10 1607/1809 code base. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and the CVE is not listed in CISA KEV, but the unauthenticated network RCE profile makes it a high-priority patch.
Information disclosure in the Windows Remote Desktop Client (mstsc/RDP client component) lets a remote attacker read memory beyond an intended buffer boundary, leaking potentially sensitive process data over the network. The flaw affects a broad span of supported Windows client and server releases from Windows Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2025. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis, EPSS risk is modest (0.64%), and CISA's SSVC framework marks exploitation as 'none' — a patch is available from Microsoft.
Information disclosure in the Windows Network Policy Server (NPS) SNMP handling allows a remote, unauthenticated attacker to read out-of-bounds memory over the network and disclose potentially sensitive data. The flaw affects a broad range of Windows Server (2012 through 2025) and Windows client builds where the NPS role/SNMP component is present. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV; a vendor patch is available from Microsoft (MSRC).
Local code execution in Microsoft's Resilient File System (ReFS) driver affects Windows 11 (24H2, 25H2, 26H1) and Windows Server 2025, where a stack-based buffer overflow (CWE-121) can be triggered when a victim interacts with attacker-crafted ReFS data. The CVSS 3.1 vector (AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R) shows an unauthenticated but user-interaction-dependent local attack yielding full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact. No public exploit identified at time of analysis and the flaw is not on CISA KEV, so it currently represents a patch-priority rather than an active-exploitation emergency.
Local privilege escalation in the Windows Code Integrity module (ci.dll) allows an already-authenticated, low-privileged user on affected Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server builds to read memory outside intended bounds and gain SYSTEM-level control. Microsoft has shipped patches and rates real-world impact as total (full confidentiality, integrity, and availability loss on the host), but the flaw requires prior local access and there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis. EPSS is low (0.25%, 16th percentile) and CISA SSVC lists exploitation as none, indicating this is an important patch-cycle item rather than an emergency.
Elevation of privilege in the Microsoft Windows Universal Disk Format File System driver (UDFS) allows a local attacker to gain higher privileges after a user mounts or opens a maliciously crafted UDF-formatted volume such as an ISO or disc image. The flaw is an out-of-bounds read (CWE-125) in the kernel-mode UDFS parser, and successful exploitation yields high impact to confidentiality, integrity, and availability (CVSS 7.8). No public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV, but Microsoft has released a patch.
Local privilege escalation to code execution in the Windows NTFS file-system driver stems from a heap-based buffer overflow (CWE-122) that an authenticated local attacker can trigger to run arbitrary code with elevated privileges. The flaw was reported by Microsoft and spans a broad range of currently-supported Windows client and server releases, from Windows 10 1607 and Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Server 2025. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV, but the low attack complexity and reliable memory-corruption primitive in a core kernel-mode driver make it a strong candidate for patch-Tuesday prioritization.
Local privilege escalation in Microsoft Windows Win32K lets an authenticated low-privileged user corrupt kernel heap memory (CWE-122) to gain SYSTEM-level control across virtually all supported Windows client and server builds. Publicly available exploit code exists, though CISA SSVC assessed exploitation status as none and EPSS is modest (0.37%, 29th percentile), indicating a serious but not yet mass-exploited weakness. A vendor patch is available via Microsoft's update guide, making prompt patching the clear priority.
Local privilege escalation in the Windows Print Spooler Components affects Windows 10 (1809, 21H2, 22H2), Windows 11 (24H2, 25H2, 26H1), and Windows Server 2019/2022/2025, where a heap-based buffer overflow (CWE-122) lets an already-authenticated local user corrupt heap memory in a Spooler component and gain SYSTEM-level privileges. Exploitation requires low-privilege local access (CVSS AV:L/PR:L) with no user interaction, yielding full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and the CVE is not listed in CISA KEV.
Local privilege escalation in the Microsoft Windows Kernel lets an already-authenticated attacker corrupt heap memory to gain SYSTEM-level control across Windows 10 (1809/21H2/22H2), Windows 11 (24H2/25H2/26H1), and Windows Server 2019/2022/2025. The CVSS 7.8 (AV:L/PR:L) rating reflects that low-privileged code execution is a prerequisite; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis, but Microsoft has released a patch. This is a classic post-exploitation escalation primitive rather than an initial-access vector.
Local privilege escalation to code execution in the Windows NTFS driver affects a broad range of supported Windows client and server builds, from Windows 10 1607 and Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Server 2025. An authenticated local attacker who can trigger the vulnerable NTFS code path can corrupt heap memory (CWE-122) to run arbitrary code, gaining high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact on the affected system. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis, and the low EPSS score (0.31%, 23rd percentile) together with CISA SSVC 'Exploitation: none' indicates no observed exploitation, though the total technical impact keeps it patch-worthy.
Local privilege escalation in the Windows Web Proxy Auto-Discovery (WPAD) service affects Windows 10 Version 1607 and Windows Server 2012, 2012 R2, and 2016 (including Server Core installations), where a heap-based buffer overflow (CWE-122) lets an authenticated local attacker corrupt kernel/service heap memory and elevate to higher privileges. Microsoft has released a patch and reported the flaw itself; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV. The CVSS 3.1 base score is 7.8 (AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N) reflecting a high-impact but locally-scoped attack requiring existing low-privilege access.
Local privilege escalation in the Microsoft Windows Kernel (CWE-122 heap-based buffer overflow) allows an authenticated local attacker to gain SYSTEM-level control across a broad range of currently supported Windows client and server releases, from Windows 10 1607 and Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Server 2025. Exploitation grants total confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact (CVSS 3.1 7.8, C:H/I:H/A:H). There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis, CISA SSVC lists exploitation as none, and the EPSS score is low at 0.32% (24th percentile), indicating no evidence of active or imminent mass exploitation despite the critical technical impact.
Information disclosure in the Windows Network Policy Server (NPS) SNMP component allows a remote, unauthenticated attacker to read out-of-bounds memory over the network and disclose sensitive process data. The flaw affects a broad range of Windows client and server releases, from Windows 10 1607 and Windows Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2025. It was reported by Microsoft, a vendor patch is available, and no public exploit has been identified at time of analysis (not listed in CISA KEV).
Remote information disclosure in the Microsoft Windows Kernel (CWE-125 out-of-bounds read) lets an unauthenticated attacker read kernel memory over a network, per the CVSS AV:N/PR:N vector, affecting a broad range of Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server 2016 through 2025 builds. The flaw carries high confidentiality impact (C:H) with a minor availability side effect and no integrity impact, scoring CVSS 8.2. No public exploit is identified at time of analysis and it is not in CISA KEV, but the network-reachable, no-authentication, no-interaction profile makes it a notable patch priority.
Denial of service in Microsoft Active Directory Federation Services (AD FS) allows a remote, unauthenticated attacker to crash the service by sending crafted network input that overflows a stack buffer (CWE-121). Because AD FS commonly fronts single sign-on for Microsoft 365, Azure AD, and federated web applications, an outage cascades into loss of authentication for every relying-party application. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and the flaw is not in CISA KEV; a Microsoft patch is available, and the CVSS 3.1 score is 7.5 (availability-only impact).
Local code execution in Microsoft Windows' Resilient File System (ReFS) driver lets an unauthorized attacker run arbitrary code by inducing a victim to mount or open a maliciously crafted ReFS volume (CVE-2026-50362). The flaw affects the ReFS component shipped across Windows 10, Windows 11 (through 26H1), and Windows Server 2016-2025, carries CVSS 7.8, and requires user interaction (UI:R) with no prior authentication (PR:N). Microsoft has released a patch; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV.
Remote code execution in Microsoft Windows Message Queuing (MSMQ) allows an unauthenticated attacker to run arbitrary code over the network by corrupting heap memory. The flaw (CWE-122) carries a CVSS 9.8 and affects a broad range of client and server SKUs from Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2012 through Server 2025. No public exploit is identified at time of analysis, but the network-reachable, no-interaction, no-privilege profile of prior MSMQ bugs (e.g. the 'QueueJumper' class) makes this a top-priority patch. Microsoft has released a fix.
Local privilege escalation to code execution in the Windows NTFS driver (CVE-2026-50417) allows an authenticated attacker with low privileges to corrupt heap memory and run arbitrary code on affected Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server 2012 through 2025 systems. The flaw is a heap-based buffer overflow (CWE-122) reported by Microsoft, with CVSS 7.8 (High) reflecting local vector, low complexity, and full confidentiality/integrity/availability impact. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, and it is not listed in CISA KEV.
Local code execution in Microsoft Windows NTFS (New Technology File System) driver arises from a heap-based buffer overflow (CWE-122) that an attacker can trigger by inducing a user to interact with a specially crafted NTFS volume or file. Affecting a broad range of Windows client and server builds from Windows Server 2012/2012 R2 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2025, successful exploitation yields high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and the issue is not listed in CISA KEV; Microsoft has issued a fix.
Local privilege escalation in the Microsoft Windows Kernel allows an authenticated low-privileged user to elevate to higher (likely SYSTEM-level) privileges by triggering an out-of-bounds read condition. The flaw affects a broad range of currently supported Windows client and server builds, from Windows 10 21H2 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2022/2025. Microsoft has released a patch; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and the issue is not listed in CISA KEV.
Local privilege escalation in the Windows Overlay Filter (WOF) driver affects a broad range of Windows client and server releases, from Windows 10 1607 and Server 2012 R2 through Windows 11 26H1 and Server 2025. An authenticated local attacker with low privileges can trigger a buffer over-read (CWE-126) in the filter to elevate to higher privileges, gaining full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact on the host. Microsoft has released a patch; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and the CVE is not listed in CISA KEV.
Local privilege escalation in the Windows NTFS file-system driver lets an already-authenticated low-privileged user read memory outside allocated bounds (CWE-125) to gain elevated privileges. It affects a broad Windows fleet spanning Windows 10 (1607 through 22H2), Windows 11 (24H2, 25H2, 26H1), and Windows Server 2012 through 2025. Reported by Microsoft with a patch available; no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV.
Local code execution in Microsoft Windows NTFS (the New Technology File System driver) arises from a heap-based buffer overflow that lets an attacker run arbitrary code with the privileges of the affected process. The flaw affects a broad swath of supported Windows client and server builds, from Windows 10 1607 and Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Server 2025. Microsoft (the reporter) has shipped a patch; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis, and the CVSS vector requires local access plus user interaction, so it is a privilege-escalation/code-execution primitive rather than a remotely-wormable bug.
Information disclosure in Microsoft Windows Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) allows a remote, unauthenticated attacker to read out-of-bounds memory over the network, potentially leaking sensitive process data such as memory addresses that defeat ASLR, session state, or credential fragments. The flaw (CWE-126, buffer over-read) affects a broad range of Windows client and server releases from Windows Server 2012 through Windows Server 2025 and Windows 10/11 including 26H1. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and CISA SSVC records exploitation status as none; EPSS estimates a modest 0.67% (48th percentile) probability of exploitation.
Local privilege elevation in the Windows Graphics Device Interface (GDI) component allows an already-authenticated, low-privileged user to run code at a higher privilege level by triggering a stack-based buffer overflow (CWE-121). Affected platforms span Windows 10 (1607 through 22H2), Windows 11 (24H2/25H2/26H1), and Windows Server 2012 through 2025, including Server Core installations. Reported by Microsoft with a patch available; no public exploit identified at time of analysis and the CVE is not listed in CISA KEV.
Local code execution in the Microsoft Windows NTFS file-system driver lets an attacker run arbitrary code by triggering a heap-based buffer overflow (CWE-122) when Windows parses crafted file-system metadata. The flaw spans a broad range of supported releases, from Windows 10 1607 and Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Server 2025. It carries a CVSS 7.8 (Important) rating, requires user interaction, has a vendor patch available, and no public exploit identified at time of analysis.
Information disclosure in the Windows Kernel allows a remote, unauthenticated attacker to read out-of-bounds memory and leak sensitive data across all currently supported Windows client and server builds (Windows 10 1809/21H2/22H2, Windows 11 24H2/25H2/26H1, and Windows Server 2019/2022/2025). The CVSS 3.1 base score is 7.5 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N, high confidentiality impact only). There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV, but the network-reachable, no-privilege, no-interaction profile makes it a broadly applicable patch-now item.
Local privilege escalation in the Windows Media component of Windows 11 (versions 24H2, 25H2, and 26H1) allows an already-authenticated low-privileged user to run code with elevated (typically SYSTEM) rights by triggering a heap-based buffer overflow. Microsoft, the reporting party, has released a patch through its Update Guide. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, and the flaw is not listed in CISA KEV, so there is no evidence of active exploitation, though EIP-class memory-corruption bugs in core OS components are attractive follow-on targets after initial access.
Local code execution in the Microsoft Windows NTFS driver stems from an out-of-bounds read (CWE-125) that an attacker can leverage to run arbitrary code on affected systems, spanning Windows 10 (1607 through 22H2), Windows 11 (24H2/25H2/26H1), and Windows Server 2012 through 2025. Exploitation requires local access and user interaction (AV:L/UI:R), typically opening or mounting a maliciously crafted file or volume, but no prior authentication (PR:N). Microsoft has released a patch; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and the issue is not listed in CISA KEV.
Denial of service in Microsoft Active Directory Federation Services (AD FS) allows a remote, unauthenticated attacker to crash or render the federation service unavailable by triggering a stack-based buffer overflow over the network. The flaw affects the AD FS role across Windows Server 2012 through 2025 (including Server Core installations) and carries a CVSS 7.5 rating driven entirely by availability impact. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV, but a vendor patch is available.
Local privilege escalation in the Windows DirectX graphics component affects a broad range of Microsoft Windows client and server builds (Windows 10 1809 through Windows 11 26H1, and Windows Server 2019 through 2025). An authenticated local attacker who can run code on the host triggers a heap-based buffer overflow (CWE-122) to gain SYSTEM-level privileges, achieving total confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact. Reported by Microsoft with a patch available; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis, and EPSS is modest at 1.50% (71st percentile).
Local privilege escalation in the Microsoft Windows Kernel (CVE-2026-50377) lets an already-authenticated low-privileged attacker read memory outside intended bounds and leverage it to gain SYSTEM-level rights across a broad range of Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server builds. Microsoft has released patches and rates it 7.8 (High); there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis, EPSS is low at 0.40% (32th percentile), and CISA SSVC records exploitation as none. It is a strong second-stage escalation primitive for attackers who already have a foothold, but not a remotely reachable, wormable threat.
Privilege escalation via a heap-based buffer overflow (CWE-122) in the Windows Remote Desktop Client lets an unauthorized network attacker corrupt heap memory and gain total control of the target host. The flaw affects the built-in RDP client across the entire supported Windows line, from Windows 10 1607 and Windows Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2025. Microsoft has shipped patches; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not in CISA KEV, though CISA's SSVC assessment rates the flaw automatable with total technical impact.
Local code execution in Microsoft Windows arises from a heap-based buffer overflow in a Windows Data DLL, letting an attacker who can get a victim to open crafted content run arbitrary code with the victim's privileges. Affected builds span Windows 10 (1607 through 22H2), Windows 11 (24H2, 25H2, 26H1), and Windows Server 2012 through 2025. Microsoft (the reporter) has released a patch; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV.
Remote code execution in the Microsoft Windows DHCP Server role allows an unauthenticated, adjacent-network attacker to run arbitrary code by triggering a heap-based buffer overflow (CWE-122) in DHCP message parsing. Affected systems span Windows Server 2012 through Windows Server 2025 (including Server Core installations) plus the DHCP service on Windows 10 versions 1607 and 1809, with full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact. Microsoft has released a patch; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and the issue is not listed in CISA KEV.
Local privilege escalation in the Microsoft Windows Resilient File System (ReFS) driver allows an authenticated attacker to run code with SYSTEM-level privileges by triggering a heap-based buffer overflow. The flaw (CVSS 7.8) affects a broad range of Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server 2016-2025 builds and carries high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact. It is a Microsoft-reported issue with a vendor patch available, and there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis.
Local code execution in the Windows Media component of Windows 11 (24H2, 25H2, 26H1) and Windows Server 2025 allows an authenticated local attacker to run arbitrary code by triggering a heap-based buffer overflow. Successful exploitation yields high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact within the current security context, and Microsoft has released a patch. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, and the flaw is not listed in CISA KEV.
Remote code execution in Microsoft Windows GDI+ (gdiplus) lets an unauthenticated network attacker run arbitrary code when a victim opens or renders a specially crafted image, via a heap-based buffer overflow (CWE-122). The flaw affects a broad range of supported Windows client and server builds (Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 26H1, and Windows Server 2012 through 2025). It carries a critical CVSS 9.6 with a scope-changed impact, but requires user interaction and currently has no public exploit identified at time of analysis.
Local code execution in Microsoft Windows NTFS driver (heap-based buffer overflow, CWE-122) allows an attacker to run arbitrary code with the privileges of the exploited context. The flaw affects a broad range of Windows client and server releases from Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2012 through Server 2025. CVSS 7.8 with high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact; exploitation requires local access and user interaction, and there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis.
Remote denial of service in Microsoft Active Directory Federation Services (ADFS) allows an unauthenticated network attacker to crash the service via a stack-based buffer overflow (CWE-121). The flaw affects the ADFS role across Windows Server 2012 through 2025 (and the underlying Windows 10 1607/1809 servicing components), carries a CVSS 7.5 availability-only score, and was reported by Microsoft with a patch available. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV.
Local code execution in Microsoft Windows NTFS arises from a heap-based buffer overflow (CWE-122) that an authorized, low-privileged local user can trigger to run arbitrary code and elevate to SYSTEM. The flaw spans a broad Windows footprint from Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2012 through Server 2025. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, and the CVSS 3.1 base score is 7.8 (High).
Local privilege escalation in Windows App Installer (the MSIX/AppX package deployment component, msixbundle/App Installer) lets an already-authenticated low-privileged user overflow a stack buffer to gain higher privileges on affected Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server builds. Microsoft self-reported the flaw and has shipped a patch; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV. The CVSS 7.8 (AV:L/PR:L) rating reflects a locally-launched attack with high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact.
Local code execution in the Windows NTFS file system driver lets an unauthorized attacker run arbitrary code by tricking a user into interacting with specially crafted content, per Microsoft's MSRC advisory. The flaw is a heap-based buffer overflow (CWE-122) affecting a broad range of Windows releases from Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2012 through Server 2025. No public exploit is identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV, but the low attack complexity and full-CIA impact make it a meaningful local code-execution risk.
Local privilege escalation in the Windows NTFS file-system driver allows an authenticated attacker to run code with elevated (SYSTEM-level) privileges by triggering a stack-based buffer overflow (CWE-121). The flaw was reported by Microsoft and affects a broad range of Windows client and server releases from Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2012 through Server 2025. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, and it is not listed in CISA KEV; the CVSS 3.1 base score is 7.8 (High).
Denial of service in Microsoft Active Directory Federation Services (AD FS) lets a remote, unauthenticated attacker crash the service by triggering a stack-based buffer overflow (CWE-121) over the network. Because AD FS commonly fronts single sign-on for Microsoft 365, SaaS, and internal web applications, a successful crash can knock out federated authentication for an entire organization. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, and the flaw is availability-only — confidentiality and integrity are not impacted per the CVSS vector.
Local privilege escalation in the Windows Push Notifications component (WNS/WpnService) lets an already-authenticated low-privileged user overwrite adjacent heap memory to gain SYSTEM-level control across Windows 10 (1607-22H2), Windows 11 (24H2-26H1), and Windows Server 2012 R2 through 2025. Microsoft reported the flaw and has shipped a fix; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV. The high CVSS 7.8 reflects full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact once triggered, but exploitation requires prior local access.
Local privilege escalation in the Windows Redirected Drive Buffering Subsystem (RDBSS) lets an authenticated low-privileged attacker read memory beyond an allocated buffer to elevate to higher privileges. The flaw affects a broad range of currently-supported Windows client and server releases (Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 26H1, Windows Server 2012 through Server 2025) and carries a CVSS 7.0 (High) rating. Microsoft has released a patch; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and the issue is not listed in CISA KEV.
Local privilege escalation in the Windows Kernel lets a low-privileged, authenticated attacker gain SYSTEM-level control by triggering a heap-based buffer overflow (CWE-122). The flaw spans a broad platform range from Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2012 through Server 2025, and was reported internally by Microsoft. No public exploit is identified at time of analysis and it is not in CISA KEV, but the ubiquity of the affected component plus full high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability make it a meaningful patch priority.
Local privilege escalation in Microsoft Windows Resilient File System (ReFS) allows an authenticated low-privileged user to gain elevated (SYSTEM-level) privileges by triggering a stack-based buffer overflow (CWE-121) in the ReFS driver. The flaw affects a broad range of Windows client and server releases, from Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2016 through 2025. Microsoft has released a patch; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and the CVE is not listed in CISA KEV.
Local privilege escalation in the Windows Web Proxy Auto-Discovery Protocol (WPAD) component lets an already-authenticated local user run code with SYSTEM-level rights by triggering an integer overflow (CWE-190). The flaw affects a broad range of Windows client and server builds, from Windows 10 1809 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2019 through 2025. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV, but the low attack complexity and high triad impact make it a meaningful patch-tier issue.
Local code execution in the Windows NTFS driver (CVE-2026-49797) allows an attacker with local access to run arbitrary code by tricking a user into interacting with a maliciously crafted NTFS artifact, exploiting a heap-based buffer overflow (CWE-122). The flaw affects a broad range of Windows client and server releases from Windows 10 1607 and Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Server 2025. Microsoft has released a patch; no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV.
Local code execution in Windows GDI+ (the Graphics Device Interface Plus rendering component) affects a broad range of Microsoft Windows client and server releases from Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2012 through Server 2025. An attacker who convinces a user to open or preview a specially crafted image or document triggers a heap-based buffer overflow (CWE-122) during graphics parsing, yielding arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. The CVSS 3.1 base score is 7.8 (AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R); there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV, but GDI+ image-parsing flaws are historically attractive to attackers.
Local privilege escalation via arbitrary code execution in Microsoft Windows Resilient File System (ReFS) affects a broad range of Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server (2016-2025) builds. An authorized (low-privileged) attacker who can trigger the vulnerable heap allocation path can corrupt heap memory (CWE-122) to run code in the security context of the ReFS driver, yielding full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, and the flaw is not on the CISA KEV list.
Local privilege escalation in the Microsoft Windows NTFS driver lets an already-authenticated attacker overflow a stack buffer (CWE-121) to run code with full system-level privileges. It affects a broad swath of supported Windows client and server builds, from Windows 10 1607 and Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Server 2025. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, and CISA's SSVC framework currently rates exploitation as none; EPSS is low at 0.34% (26th percentile), so this is a patch-on-schedule elevation-of-privilege bug rather than an emergency.
Local privilege escalation in the Windows NTFS filesystem driver (CWE-122 heap-based buffer overflow) lets a locally authenticated attacker corrupt kernel heap memory and execute arbitrary code, per Microsoft's CVSS 3.1 vector (AV:L/PR:L). Affected builds span Windows 10 (1607 through 22H2), Windows 11 (24H2/25H2/26H1), and Windows Server 2012 through 2025. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and CISA SSVC rates current exploitation as 'none', with a low EPSS score of 0.29% (21st percentile), though the technical impact is rated 'total'.
Remote code execution in Microsoft Active Directory Domain Services (AD DS) allows an authenticated network attacker to run arbitrary code on domain controllers by triggering a heap-based buffer overflow (CWE-122). Affected platforms span Windows Server 2012 through 2025 (including Server Core) and Windows 10/11 clients acting in AD roles, with Microsoft-issued patches available. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not on CISA KEV, but the CVSS 8.8 rating and the sensitivity of the domain-controller attack surface make this a high-priority patch.
Remote code execution in the Microsoft Windows DHCP Server role allows an authenticated network attacker (PR:L) to trigger a heap-based buffer overflow and run arbitrary code on the server. The flaw affects DHCP Server across Windows Server 2012 through Server 2025 (including Server Core installations) and carries a CVSS 8.8 with full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact. Reported by Microsoft with a vendor patch available; no public exploit identified at time of analysis.
Local privilege escalation via a heap-based buffer overflow in the Windows NTFS driver allows an authenticated attacker with low privileges to execute arbitrary code and gain full SYSTEM-level control. It affects a broad range of Windows client and server releases, from Windows 10 1607 and Windows Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2025. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, and SSVC records no observed exploitation; EPSS is low at 0.29% (21st percentile).
Local arbitrary code execution in Microsoft Excel arises from a heap-based buffer overflow (CWE-122) triggered when a user opens a maliciously crafted spreadsheet; successful exploitation runs attacker code in the context of the current user across desktop Office builds (Excel 2016, Office 2019, LTSC 2021/2024, Microsoft 365 Apps) on both Windows and Mac, as well as Office Online Server. The flaw carries CVSS 7.8 with high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact but requires user interaction (opening the file). No public exploit identified at time of analysis, and it is not listed in CISA KEV; a vendor patch is available from Microsoft.
Local code execution in Microsoft Windows Media Foundation lets an attacker run arbitrary code in the context of the victim after luring them to open a maliciously crafted media file. The flaw (CVE-2026-58610, CWE-122 heap-based buffer overflow) affects a broad range of Windows client and server releases from Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2016 through 2025. CVSS is 7.8 (AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R) with full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not on CISA KEV.
Local code execution in the Microsoft Graphics Component affects a broad range of supported Windows client and server releases (Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 26H1, and Windows Server 2012 through Server 2025). An attacker who convinces a user to open a specially crafted file or content triggers an out-of-bounds read (CWE-125) that Microsoft rates as enabling code execution with high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV; exploitation requires local access plus user interaction, making it a standard patch-cycle priority rather than an emergency.
Local privilege escalation in the Windows Virtual Hard Disk (VHD) Miniport Driver lets an authenticated low-privileged user corrupt kernel heap memory and gain SYSTEM-level control. The flaw (CWE-122 heap-based buffer overflow, CVSS 7.8) affects a broad range of Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server builds and was reported by Microsoft. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV.
Information disclosure in the Windows Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) stack across Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server 2012 R2 through 2025 lets a remote, unauthenticated attacker read memory beyond intended bounds and leak sensitive data over the network. Microsoft has published a patch and CVSS 3.1 rates it 7.5 (high) for the confidentiality-only impact. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis, and CISA's SSVC framework marks exploitation as 'none' with only partial technical impact, so this is a patch-on-schedule issue rather than an emergency.
Local code execution in Microsoft Excel (and the broader Office family through Microsoft 365 Apps, Office 2019/2021/2024 LTSC, Office for Mac, and Office Online Server) arises from a stack-based buffer overflow (CWE-121) triggered when a user opens a maliciously crafted spreadsheet. An attacker who convinces a victim to open the file runs arbitrary code in the security context of the current user, with high impact to confidentiality, integrity, and availability. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and the vulnerability is not listed in CISA KEV; Microsoft has released a patch.
Local code execution in Microsoft Excel (including Microsoft 365 Apps, Office 2016/2019, Office LTSC 2021/2024, and Office for Mac) arises from a heap-based buffer overflow (CWE-122) triggered when a victim opens a maliciously crafted spreadsheet, letting an attacker run arbitrary code in the user's context. The CVSS 3.1 score is 7.8 (AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H), reflecting that exploitation needs user interaction but no prior privileges once the file is opened. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis, and it is not listed in CISA KEV; Microsoft has released a patch.
Local code execution in Microsoft Defender (Microsoft Malware Protection Engine) allows an unauthorized attacker to run arbitrary code by having a maliciously crafted file processed by the scanning engine. The flaw stems from an integer overflow (CWE-190) that corrupts memory during scanning, yielding full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact. Reported by Microsoft with a vendor patch available; no public exploit identified at time of analysis.
Remote code execution in Microsoft Exchange Server (2016 CU23, 2019 CU14/CU15, and Subscription Edition RTM) lets an authenticated attacker corrupt heap memory to run arbitrary code across the network. The CVSS 3.1 vector (AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N) shows low-privilege network exploitation with full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact, and Microsoft has released a patch. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV.
Local code execution in Microsoft Windows GDI+ (the graphics rendering component) via a heap-based buffer overflow (CWE-122), affecting a broad range of Windows client and server releases from Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 26H1 and Server 2012 through Server 2025. Per the supplied CVSS vector (PR:N), an unauthorized attacker who gets the vulnerable component to process crafted graphics data can achieve high-impact code execution (C:H/I:H/A:H) on the local system. Microsoft has published a patch; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and the issue is not listed in CISA KEV.
Local privilege escalation to code execution in the Windows Resilient File System (ReFS) driver affects a broad range of Windows 10/11 and Windows Server 2016 through 2025 releases, where an integer overflow (CWE-190) in filesystem processing lets an already-authenticated local user run arbitrary code in an elevated context. The CVSS 3.1 vector (AV:L/PR:L) confirms low-privileged local access is required rather than remote exploitation, and there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis. Microsoft has released a patch via MSRC.
Local privilege escalation via heap-based buffer overflow in the Windows Message Queuing (MSMQ) Queue Manager component lets an authenticated local attacker corrupt heap memory and execute arbitrary code, gaining total control (SYSTEM-level) of the affected host. It impacts a broad range of Windows client and server builds from Windows Server 2012 through Windows 11 25H2/26H1 and Windows Server 2025. Microsoft has released patches; publicly available exploit code exists, though SSVC lists exploitation status as none and EPSS probability is low (0.39%).
Local code execution in Microsoft Windows Media Foundation lets an unauthorized attacker run arbitrary code by luring a user into opening a specially crafted media file. The flaw affects a broad range of Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server builds (from 1809 through Windows 11 26H1 and Server 2025), and Microsoft has released patches. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, but the low attack complexity and full C/I/A impact make it a standard Patch-Tuesday priority.
Local privilege escalation in Microsoft Windows Win32K (the kernel-mode GUI subsystem) lets an already-authenticated low-privilege user corrupt kernel heap memory via a heap-based buffer overflow (CWE-122) to gain SYSTEM-level control. The flaw affects a broad range of client and server builds (Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 26H1, and Windows Server 2016 through 2025). Microsoft has released a patch; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV.
Remote code execution in the Windows Remote Desktop Client (RDP client on Windows 11 24H2/25H2/26H1 and Windows Server 2025) allows an unauthorized attacker to run arbitrary code by coercing a victim into connecting to a malicious or attacker-controlled RDP server, which returns crafted data that overflows a heap buffer. Reported by Microsoft with a vendor patch available, it carries CVSS 8.8 and requires user interaction (initiating the connection). EPSS is modest (0.67%, 48th percentile) and there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis, though SSVC rates it automatable with total technical impact.
Network denial of service in the Windows Internet Key Exchange (IKE) protocol implementation allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to crash affected systems by triggering a heap-based buffer overflow. All impact is to availability only (CVSS 7.5, A:H, no confidentiality or integrity loss), making this a reliability/uptime threat against IPsec/VPN-facing Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server hosts rather than a code-execution vulnerability. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV, but the low attack complexity and lack of authentication make it a meaningful patching priority for internet-exposed IPsec endpoints.
Local privilege escalation in the Windows Overlay Filter (WOF) driver allows an authenticated low-privileged user to elevate to SYSTEM by triggering a heap-based buffer overflow (CWE-122). The flaw spans a broad range of client and server SKUs from Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2012 R2 through Server 2025. Microsoft has shipped a patch; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV.
Denial of service in Microsoft Active Directory Federation Services (AD FS) allows a remote, unauthenticated attacker to crash the service by triggering a stack-based buffer overflow over the network (CVSS 7.5, availability-only impact). Because AD FS brokers single sign-on and federated authentication, a successful attack can knock out login for every downstream application that relies on it. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, and it is not listed in CISA KEV.
Denial of service in Microsoft Active Directory Federation Services (AD FS) lets a remote, unauthenticated attacker crash the service by triggering a stack-based buffer overflow (CWE-121) over the network. The flaw affects AD FS as shipped across a broad range of Windows client and server builds (Windows 10/11 and Windows Server 2012 through 2025). Microsoft - the reporting party - has released a patch; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and the CVE is not listed in CISA KEV.
Remote code execution in the Microsoft Windows FTP Service allows an unauthenticated network attacker to run arbitrary code by triggering a heap-based buffer overflow (CWE-122). The flaw affects the FTP service across a broad range of Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server (2019/2022/2025) builds and carries a critical CVSS 9.8 rating with no authentication or user interaction required. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV, but the unauthenticated, network-reachable nature of the bug makes it a high-priority patch target.
Local privilege escalation in Microsoft Windows DNS lets an already-authenticated, low-privileged attacker corrupt heap memory to gain higher (likely SYSTEM) privileges on affected Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server 2022/2025 systems. The flaw is a heap-based buffer overflow (CWE-122) reported by Microsoft itself, with a vendor patch available via MSRC. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV, so it currently represents a patch-priority rather than an emergency.
Remote code execution in Microsoft Active Directory Domain Services (AD DS) allows an unauthenticated network attacker to corrupt heap memory and run arbitrary code on affected domain controllers. The flaw (CVE-2026-49164, CVSS 8.1) spans a broad range of Windows client and server builds from Windows 10 1607 and Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Server 2025, with full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact. Microsoft has released a patch; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis, and the high attack complexity (AC:H) tempers the practical exploitation likelihood.
Remote code execution in the Microsoft ODBC Driver for SQL Server (shipped across Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server 2012 through 2025) stems from a heap-based buffer overflow that lets an attacker run arbitrary code over the network. The supplied CVSS 3.1 vector (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N) scores it 9.8 and marks it unauthenticated, though as a database driver flaw the realistic trigger is a client connecting to a malicious or compromised SQL Server endpoint. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and no CISA KEV listing, so this is a high-severity but not yet actively-exploited issue.
Remote code execution in the Microsoft Windows Bluetooth Port Driver (bthport) allows an adjacent, unauthenticated attacker to run arbitrary code by triggering a heap-based buffer overflow over Bluetooth radio range. The flaw spans a wide range of Windows client and server builds, from Windows 10 1607 and Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Server 2025. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis, EPSS is modest at 0.38% (30th percentile), and CISA SSVC currently marks exploitation as 'none', but the CVSS 8.8 rating and 'total' technical impact make this a high-priority patch.
Stack-based buffer overflow in the Totolink NR1800X router (firmware 9.1.0u.6279_B20210910) lets remote attackers corrupt memory by supplying an oversized HTTP Host header to the Form_Logout handler at /formLogout.htm, served by the embedded lighttpd web interface. Because the flaw is reachable over the network without authentication and publicly available exploit code exists, it is a strong candidate for opportunistic exploitation despite not yet appearing in CISA KEV. Successful exploitation can crash the device or, given the CWE-121 stack overwrite, potentially achieve code execution on the router.
Out-of-bounds memory disclosure in Python Pillow before 12.3.0 lets an attacker who supplies a crafted McIdas AREA image file read adjacent process memory or crash the host application. When such a file is opened from a filename, header words control the raw-codec mmap row stride; setting it below the true row width causes later pixel operations (tobytes, getpixel, convert, save) to read past the mapped region. No public exploit is identified at time of analysis and it is not in CISA KEV, but the upstream fix, PR, and a regression test are public, making the flaw well documented.
Heap out-of-bounds write in Python Pillow prior to 12.3.0 lets an attacker who controls the rank-filter size parameter corrupt native heap memory and crash or potentially manipulate the process. ImageFilter.RankFilter.filter() calls image.expand(size // 2, size // 2) before validating the filter size, and the native ImagingExpand() routine computes output dimensions using unchecked signed-int arithmetic, so a very large odd size overflows and drives an out-of-bounds write (CWE-787). No public exploit is identified at time of analysis; the flaw is fixed in Pillow 12.3.0.
Out-of-bounds heap read in Python Pillow's TGA RLE encoder (versions 5.2.0 through 12.2.x) lets adjacent process heap bytes leak into a generated TGA file when an application saves a mode '1' (1-bit) image using compression='tga_rle'. The flaw is an information-disclosure bug (CWE-125), fixed in 12.3.0, with no public exploit identified at time of analysis. The NVD CVSS of 7.5 (network vector) overstates practical reach because triggering the leak depends on the host application invoking this specific and unusual save path.
Denial-of-service and controlled heap corruption in Python's Pillow imaging library (all versions prior to 12.3.0) occurs when ImageCms.ImageCmsTransform.apply() is invoked with an output image whose mode does not match the transform's declared output mode, causing an out-of-bounds write in the native color-management code. The pre-fix code only validated the output mode and never validated the input mode, so a mismatched buffer geometry lets the C-level transform write past allocation bounds. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis; the fix is confirmed in release 12.3.0 via the vendor security advisory GHSA-9hw9-ch79-4vh6.
Denial of service (and potential memory corruption) in Python Pillow before 12.3.0 arises when public image coordinate APIs - Image.paste(), Image.crop(), and Image.alpha_composite() - are handed box coordinates near the signed 32-bit integer boundary (±2**31), causing a native heap out-of-bounds write in the C imaging core. Any application that forwards untrusted coordinate values into these calls can be crashed, and the OOB write raises the theoretical prospect of heap corruption. No public exploit identified at time of analysis; the fix (integer-overflow-safe int64_t arithmetic) shipped in 12.3.0.
Local code execution in the Windows Media component of supported Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server (2016 through 2025) releases lets an unauthorized attacker run arbitrary code when a victim opens a maliciously crafted media file. The flaw is a heap-based buffer overflow (CWE-122) reported by Microsoft with a vendor patch available; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis. CVSS is 7.8 (High), driven by full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact but gated by local vector and required user interaction.
Remote code execution in the Microsoft Windows DHCP Server role allows an unauthenticated network attacker to run arbitrary code by triggering a heap-based buffer overflow (CWE-122) in the service's packet handling. The flaw carries a critical CVSS 9.8 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N) and affects Windows Server 2012 through 2025 as well as the underlying Windows 10 1607/1809 code base. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and the CVE is not listed in CISA KEV, but the unauthenticated network RCE profile makes it a high-priority patch.
Information disclosure in the Windows Remote Desktop Client (mstsc/RDP client component) lets a remote attacker read memory beyond an intended buffer boundary, leaking potentially sensitive process data over the network. The flaw affects a broad span of supported Windows client and server releases from Windows Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2025. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis, EPSS risk is modest (0.64%), and CISA's SSVC framework marks exploitation as 'none' — a patch is available from Microsoft.
Information disclosure in the Windows Network Policy Server (NPS) SNMP handling allows a remote, unauthenticated attacker to read out-of-bounds memory over the network and disclose potentially sensitive data. The flaw affects a broad range of Windows Server (2012 through 2025) and Windows client builds where the NPS role/SNMP component is present. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV; a vendor patch is available from Microsoft (MSRC).
Local code execution in Microsoft's Resilient File System (ReFS) driver affects Windows 11 (24H2, 25H2, 26H1) and Windows Server 2025, where a stack-based buffer overflow (CWE-121) can be triggered when a victim interacts with attacker-crafted ReFS data. The CVSS 3.1 vector (AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R) shows an unauthenticated but user-interaction-dependent local attack yielding full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact. No public exploit identified at time of analysis and the flaw is not on CISA KEV, so it currently represents a patch-priority rather than an active-exploitation emergency.
Local privilege escalation in the Windows Code Integrity module (ci.dll) allows an already-authenticated, low-privileged user on affected Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server builds to read memory outside intended bounds and gain SYSTEM-level control. Microsoft has shipped patches and rates real-world impact as total (full confidentiality, integrity, and availability loss on the host), but the flaw requires prior local access and there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis. EPSS is low (0.25%, 16th percentile) and CISA SSVC lists exploitation as none, indicating this is an important patch-cycle item rather than an emergency.
Elevation of privilege in the Microsoft Windows Universal Disk Format File System driver (UDFS) allows a local attacker to gain higher privileges after a user mounts or opens a maliciously crafted UDF-formatted volume such as an ISO or disc image. The flaw is an out-of-bounds read (CWE-125) in the kernel-mode UDFS parser, and successful exploitation yields high impact to confidentiality, integrity, and availability (CVSS 7.8). No public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV, but Microsoft has released a patch.
Local privilege escalation to code execution in the Windows NTFS file-system driver stems from a heap-based buffer overflow (CWE-122) that an authenticated local attacker can trigger to run arbitrary code with elevated privileges. The flaw was reported by Microsoft and spans a broad range of currently-supported Windows client and server releases, from Windows 10 1607 and Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Server 2025. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV, but the low attack complexity and reliable memory-corruption primitive in a core kernel-mode driver make it a strong candidate for patch-Tuesday prioritization.
Local privilege escalation in Microsoft Windows Win32K lets an authenticated low-privileged user corrupt kernel heap memory (CWE-122) to gain SYSTEM-level control across virtually all supported Windows client and server builds. Publicly available exploit code exists, though CISA SSVC assessed exploitation status as none and EPSS is modest (0.37%, 29th percentile), indicating a serious but not yet mass-exploited weakness. A vendor patch is available via Microsoft's update guide, making prompt patching the clear priority.
Local privilege escalation in the Windows Print Spooler Components affects Windows 10 (1809, 21H2, 22H2), Windows 11 (24H2, 25H2, 26H1), and Windows Server 2019/2022/2025, where a heap-based buffer overflow (CWE-122) lets an already-authenticated local user corrupt heap memory in a Spooler component and gain SYSTEM-level privileges. Exploitation requires low-privilege local access (CVSS AV:L/PR:L) with no user interaction, yielding full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and the CVE is not listed in CISA KEV.
Local privilege escalation in the Microsoft Windows Kernel lets an already-authenticated attacker corrupt heap memory to gain SYSTEM-level control across Windows 10 (1809/21H2/22H2), Windows 11 (24H2/25H2/26H1), and Windows Server 2019/2022/2025. The CVSS 7.8 (AV:L/PR:L) rating reflects that low-privileged code execution is a prerequisite; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis, but Microsoft has released a patch. This is a classic post-exploitation escalation primitive rather than an initial-access vector.
Local privilege escalation to code execution in the Windows NTFS driver affects a broad range of supported Windows client and server builds, from Windows 10 1607 and Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Server 2025. An authenticated local attacker who can trigger the vulnerable NTFS code path can corrupt heap memory (CWE-122) to run arbitrary code, gaining high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact on the affected system. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis, and the low EPSS score (0.31%, 23rd percentile) together with CISA SSVC 'Exploitation: none' indicates no observed exploitation, though the total technical impact keeps it patch-worthy.
Local privilege escalation in the Windows Web Proxy Auto-Discovery (WPAD) service affects Windows 10 Version 1607 and Windows Server 2012, 2012 R2, and 2016 (including Server Core installations), where a heap-based buffer overflow (CWE-122) lets an authenticated local attacker corrupt kernel/service heap memory and elevate to higher privileges. Microsoft has released a patch and reported the flaw itself; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV. The CVSS 3.1 base score is 7.8 (AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N) reflecting a high-impact but locally-scoped attack requiring existing low-privilege access.
Local privilege escalation in the Microsoft Windows Kernel (CWE-122 heap-based buffer overflow) allows an authenticated local attacker to gain SYSTEM-level control across a broad range of currently supported Windows client and server releases, from Windows 10 1607 and Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Server 2025. Exploitation grants total confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact (CVSS 3.1 7.8, C:H/I:H/A:H). There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis, CISA SSVC lists exploitation as none, and the EPSS score is low at 0.32% (24th percentile), indicating no evidence of active or imminent mass exploitation despite the critical technical impact.
Information disclosure in the Windows Network Policy Server (NPS) SNMP component allows a remote, unauthenticated attacker to read out-of-bounds memory over the network and disclose sensitive process data. The flaw affects a broad range of Windows client and server releases, from Windows 10 1607 and Windows Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2025. It was reported by Microsoft, a vendor patch is available, and no public exploit has been identified at time of analysis (not listed in CISA KEV).
Remote information disclosure in the Microsoft Windows Kernel (CWE-125 out-of-bounds read) lets an unauthenticated attacker read kernel memory over a network, per the CVSS AV:N/PR:N vector, affecting a broad range of Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server 2016 through 2025 builds. The flaw carries high confidentiality impact (C:H) with a minor availability side effect and no integrity impact, scoring CVSS 8.2. No public exploit is identified at time of analysis and it is not in CISA KEV, but the network-reachable, no-authentication, no-interaction profile makes it a notable patch priority.
Denial of service in Microsoft Active Directory Federation Services (AD FS) allows a remote, unauthenticated attacker to crash the service by sending crafted network input that overflows a stack buffer (CWE-121). Because AD FS commonly fronts single sign-on for Microsoft 365, Azure AD, and federated web applications, an outage cascades into loss of authentication for every relying-party application. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and the flaw is not in CISA KEV; a Microsoft patch is available, and the CVSS 3.1 score is 7.5 (availability-only impact).
Local code execution in Microsoft Windows' Resilient File System (ReFS) driver lets an unauthorized attacker run arbitrary code by inducing a victim to mount or open a maliciously crafted ReFS volume (CVE-2026-50362). The flaw affects the ReFS component shipped across Windows 10, Windows 11 (through 26H1), and Windows Server 2016-2025, carries CVSS 7.8, and requires user interaction (UI:R) with no prior authentication (PR:N). Microsoft has released a patch; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV.
Remote code execution in Microsoft Windows Message Queuing (MSMQ) allows an unauthenticated attacker to run arbitrary code over the network by corrupting heap memory. The flaw (CWE-122) carries a CVSS 9.8 and affects a broad range of client and server SKUs from Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2012 through Server 2025. No public exploit is identified at time of analysis, but the network-reachable, no-interaction, no-privilege profile of prior MSMQ bugs (e.g. the 'QueueJumper' class) makes this a top-priority patch. Microsoft has released a fix.
Local privilege escalation to code execution in the Windows NTFS driver (CVE-2026-50417) allows an authenticated attacker with low privileges to corrupt heap memory and run arbitrary code on affected Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server 2012 through 2025 systems. The flaw is a heap-based buffer overflow (CWE-122) reported by Microsoft, with CVSS 7.8 (High) reflecting local vector, low complexity, and full confidentiality/integrity/availability impact. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, and it is not listed in CISA KEV.
Local code execution in Microsoft Windows NTFS (New Technology File System) driver arises from a heap-based buffer overflow (CWE-122) that an attacker can trigger by inducing a user to interact with a specially crafted NTFS volume or file. Affecting a broad range of Windows client and server builds from Windows Server 2012/2012 R2 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2025, successful exploitation yields high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and the issue is not listed in CISA KEV; Microsoft has issued a fix.
Local privilege escalation in the Microsoft Windows Kernel allows an authenticated low-privileged user to elevate to higher (likely SYSTEM-level) privileges by triggering an out-of-bounds read condition. The flaw affects a broad range of currently supported Windows client and server builds, from Windows 10 21H2 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2022/2025. Microsoft has released a patch; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and the issue is not listed in CISA KEV.
Local privilege escalation in the Windows Overlay Filter (WOF) driver affects a broad range of Windows client and server releases, from Windows 10 1607 and Server 2012 R2 through Windows 11 26H1 and Server 2025. An authenticated local attacker with low privileges can trigger a buffer over-read (CWE-126) in the filter to elevate to higher privileges, gaining full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact on the host. Microsoft has released a patch; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and the CVE is not listed in CISA KEV.
Local privilege escalation in the Windows NTFS file-system driver lets an already-authenticated low-privileged user read memory outside allocated bounds (CWE-125) to gain elevated privileges. It affects a broad Windows fleet spanning Windows 10 (1607 through 22H2), Windows 11 (24H2, 25H2, 26H1), and Windows Server 2012 through 2025. Reported by Microsoft with a patch available; no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV.
Local code execution in Microsoft Windows NTFS (the New Technology File System driver) arises from a heap-based buffer overflow that lets an attacker run arbitrary code with the privileges of the affected process. The flaw affects a broad swath of supported Windows client and server builds, from Windows 10 1607 and Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Server 2025. Microsoft (the reporter) has shipped a patch; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis, and the CVSS vector requires local access plus user interaction, so it is a privilege-escalation/code-execution primitive rather than a remotely-wormable bug.
Information disclosure in Microsoft Windows Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) allows a remote, unauthenticated attacker to read out-of-bounds memory over the network, potentially leaking sensitive process data such as memory addresses that defeat ASLR, session state, or credential fragments. The flaw (CWE-126, buffer over-read) affects a broad range of Windows client and server releases from Windows Server 2012 through Windows Server 2025 and Windows 10/11 including 26H1. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and CISA SSVC records exploitation status as none; EPSS estimates a modest 0.67% (48th percentile) probability of exploitation.
Local privilege elevation in the Windows Graphics Device Interface (GDI) component allows an already-authenticated, low-privileged user to run code at a higher privilege level by triggering a stack-based buffer overflow (CWE-121). Affected platforms span Windows 10 (1607 through 22H2), Windows 11 (24H2/25H2/26H1), and Windows Server 2012 through 2025, including Server Core installations. Reported by Microsoft with a patch available; no public exploit identified at time of analysis and the CVE is not listed in CISA KEV.
Local code execution in the Microsoft Windows NTFS file-system driver lets an attacker run arbitrary code by triggering a heap-based buffer overflow (CWE-122) when Windows parses crafted file-system metadata. The flaw spans a broad range of supported releases, from Windows 10 1607 and Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Server 2025. It carries a CVSS 7.8 (Important) rating, requires user interaction, has a vendor patch available, and no public exploit identified at time of analysis.
Information disclosure in the Windows Kernel allows a remote, unauthenticated attacker to read out-of-bounds memory and leak sensitive data across all currently supported Windows client and server builds (Windows 10 1809/21H2/22H2, Windows 11 24H2/25H2/26H1, and Windows Server 2019/2022/2025). The CVSS 3.1 base score is 7.5 (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N, high confidentiality impact only). There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV, but the network-reachable, no-privilege, no-interaction profile makes it a broadly applicable patch-now item.
Local privilege escalation in the Windows Media component of Windows 11 (versions 24H2, 25H2, and 26H1) allows an already-authenticated low-privileged user to run code with elevated (typically SYSTEM) rights by triggering a heap-based buffer overflow. Microsoft, the reporting party, has released a patch through its Update Guide. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, and the flaw is not listed in CISA KEV, so there is no evidence of active exploitation, though EIP-class memory-corruption bugs in core OS components are attractive follow-on targets after initial access.
Local code execution in the Microsoft Windows NTFS driver stems from an out-of-bounds read (CWE-125) that an attacker can leverage to run arbitrary code on affected systems, spanning Windows 10 (1607 through 22H2), Windows 11 (24H2/25H2/26H1), and Windows Server 2012 through 2025. Exploitation requires local access and user interaction (AV:L/UI:R), typically opening or mounting a maliciously crafted file or volume, but no prior authentication (PR:N). Microsoft has released a patch; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and the issue is not listed in CISA KEV.
Denial of service in Microsoft Active Directory Federation Services (AD FS) allows a remote, unauthenticated attacker to crash or render the federation service unavailable by triggering a stack-based buffer overflow over the network. The flaw affects the AD FS role across Windows Server 2012 through 2025 (including Server Core installations) and carries a CVSS 7.5 rating driven entirely by availability impact. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV, but a vendor patch is available.
Local privilege escalation in the Windows DirectX graphics component affects a broad range of Microsoft Windows client and server builds (Windows 10 1809 through Windows 11 26H1, and Windows Server 2019 through 2025). An authenticated local attacker who can run code on the host triggers a heap-based buffer overflow (CWE-122) to gain SYSTEM-level privileges, achieving total confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact. Reported by Microsoft with a patch available; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis, and EPSS is modest at 1.50% (71st percentile).
Local privilege escalation in the Microsoft Windows Kernel (CVE-2026-50377) lets an already-authenticated low-privileged attacker read memory outside intended bounds and leverage it to gain SYSTEM-level rights across a broad range of Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server builds. Microsoft has released patches and rates it 7.8 (High); there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis, EPSS is low at 0.40% (32th percentile), and CISA SSVC records exploitation as none. It is a strong second-stage escalation primitive for attackers who already have a foothold, but not a remotely reachable, wormable threat.
Privilege escalation via a heap-based buffer overflow (CWE-122) in the Windows Remote Desktop Client lets an unauthorized network attacker corrupt heap memory and gain total control of the target host. The flaw affects the built-in RDP client across the entire supported Windows line, from Windows 10 1607 and Windows Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2025. Microsoft has shipped patches; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not in CISA KEV, though CISA's SSVC assessment rates the flaw automatable with total technical impact.
Local code execution in Microsoft Windows arises from a heap-based buffer overflow in a Windows Data DLL, letting an attacker who can get a victim to open crafted content run arbitrary code with the victim's privileges. Affected builds span Windows 10 (1607 through 22H2), Windows 11 (24H2, 25H2, 26H1), and Windows Server 2012 through 2025. Microsoft (the reporter) has released a patch; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV.
Remote code execution in the Microsoft Windows DHCP Server role allows an unauthenticated, adjacent-network attacker to run arbitrary code by triggering a heap-based buffer overflow (CWE-122) in DHCP message parsing. Affected systems span Windows Server 2012 through Windows Server 2025 (including Server Core installations) plus the DHCP service on Windows 10 versions 1607 and 1809, with full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact. Microsoft has released a patch; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and the issue is not listed in CISA KEV.
Local privilege escalation in the Microsoft Windows Resilient File System (ReFS) driver allows an authenticated attacker to run code with SYSTEM-level privileges by triggering a heap-based buffer overflow. The flaw (CVSS 7.8) affects a broad range of Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server 2016-2025 builds and carries high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact. It is a Microsoft-reported issue with a vendor patch available, and there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis.
Local code execution in the Windows Media component of Windows 11 (24H2, 25H2, 26H1) and Windows Server 2025 allows an authenticated local attacker to run arbitrary code by triggering a heap-based buffer overflow. Successful exploitation yields high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact within the current security context, and Microsoft has released a patch. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, and the flaw is not listed in CISA KEV.
Remote code execution in Microsoft Windows GDI+ (gdiplus) lets an unauthenticated network attacker run arbitrary code when a victim opens or renders a specially crafted image, via a heap-based buffer overflow (CWE-122). The flaw affects a broad range of supported Windows client and server builds (Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 26H1, and Windows Server 2012 through 2025). It carries a critical CVSS 9.6 with a scope-changed impact, but requires user interaction and currently has no public exploit identified at time of analysis.
Local code execution in Microsoft Windows NTFS driver (heap-based buffer overflow, CWE-122) allows an attacker to run arbitrary code with the privileges of the exploited context. The flaw affects a broad range of Windows client and server releases from Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2012 through Server 2025. CVSS 7.8 with high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact; exploitation requires local access and user interaction, and there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis.
Remote denial of service in Microsoft Active Directory Federation Services (ADFS) allows an unauthenticated network attacker to crash the service via a stack-based buffer overflow (CWE-121). The flaw affects the ADFS role across Windows Server 2012 through 2025 (and the underlying Windows 10 1607/1809 servicing components), carries a CVSS 7.5 availability-only score, and was reported by Microsoft with a patch available. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV.
Local code execution in Microsoft Windows NTFS arises from a heap-based buffer overflow (CWE-122) that an authorized, low-privileged local user can trigger to run arbitrary code and elevate to SYSTEM. The flaw spans a broad Windows footprint from Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2012 through Server 2025. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, and the CVSS 3.1 base score is 7.8 (High).
Local privilege escalation in Windows App Installer (the MSIX/AppX package deployment component, msixbundle/App Installer) lets an already-authenticated low-privileged user overflow a stack buffer to gain higher privileges on affected Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server builds. Microsoft self-reported the flaw and has shipped a patch; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV. The CVSS 7.8 (AV:L/PR:L) rating reflects a locally-launched attack with high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact.
Local code execution in the Windows NTFS file system driver lets an unauthorized attacker run arbitrary code by tricking a user into interacting with specially crafted content, per Microsoft's MSRC advisory. The flaw is a heap-based buffer overflow (CWE-122) affecting a broad range of Windows releases from Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2012 through Server 2025. No public exploit is identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV, but the low attack complexity and full-CIA impact make it a meaningful local code-execution risk.
Local privilege escalation in the Windows NTFS file-system driver allows an authenticated attacker to run code with elevated (SYSTEM-level) privileges by triggering a stack-based buffer overflow (CWE-121). The flaw was reported by Microsoft and affects a broad range of Windows client and server releases from Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2012 through Server 2025. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, and it is not listed in CISA KEV; the CVSS 3.1 base score is 7.8 (High).
Denial of service in Microsoft Active Directory Federation Services (AD FS) lets a remote, unauthenticated attacker crash the service by triggering a stack-based buffer overflow (CWE-121) over the network. Because AD FS commonly fronts single sign-on for Microsoft 365, SaaS, and internal web applications, a successful crash can knock out federated authentication for an entire organization. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, and the flaw is availability-only — confidentiality and integrity are not impacted per the CVSS vector.
Local privilege escalation in the Windows Push Notifications component (WNS/WpnService) lets an already-authenticated low-privileged user overwrite adjacent heap memory to gain SYSTEM-level control across Windows 10 (1607-22H2), Windows 11 (24H2-26H1), and Windows Server 2012 R2 through 2025. Microsoft reported the flaw and has shipped a fix; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV. The high CVSS 7.8 reflects full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact once triggered, but exploitation requires prior local access.
Local privilege escalation in the Windows Redirected Drive Buffering Subsystem (RDBSS) lets an authenticated low-privileged attacker read memory beyond an allocated buffer to elevate to higher privileges. The flaw affects a broad range of currently-supported Windows client and server releases (Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 26H1, Windows Server 2012 through Server 2025) and carries a CVSS 7.0 (High) rating. Microsoft has released a patch; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and the issue is not listed in CISA KEV.
Local privilege escalation in the Windows Kernel lets a low-privileged, authenticated attacker gain SYSTEM-level control by triggering a heap-based buffer overflow (CWE-122). The flaw spans a broad platform range from Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2012 through Server 2025, and was reported internally by Microsoft. No public exploit is identified at time of analysis and it is not in CISA KEV, but the ubiquity of the affected component plus full high impact on confidentiality, integrity, and availability make it a meaningful patch priority.
Local privilege escalation in Microsoft Windows Resilient File System (ReFS) allows an authenticated low-privileged user to gain elevated (SYSTEM-level) privileges by triggering a stack-based buffer overflow (CWE-121) in the ReFS driver. The flaw affects a broad range of Windows client and server releases, from Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2016 through 2025. Microsoft has released a patch; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and the CVE is not listed in CISA KEV.
Local privilege escalation in the Windows Web Proxy Auto-Discovery Protocol (WPAD) component lets an already-authenticated local user run code with SYSTEM-level rights by triggering an integer overflow (CWE-190). The flaw affects a broad range of Windows client and server builds, from Windows 10 1809 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2019 through 2025. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV, but the low attack complexity and high triad impact make it a meaningful patch-tier issue.
Local code execution in the Windows NTFS driver (CVE-2026-49797) allows an attacker with local access to run arbitrary code by tricking a user into interacting with a maliciously crafted NTFS artifact, exploiting a heap-based buffer overflow (CWE-122). The flaw affects a broad range of Windows client and server releases from Windows 10 1607 and Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Server 2025. Microsoft has released a patch; no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV.
Local code execution in Windows GDI+ (the Graphics Device Interface Plus rendering component) affects a broad range of Microsoft Windows client and server releases from Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2012 through Server 2025. An attacker who convinces a user to open or preview a specially crafted image or document triggers a heap-based buffer overflow (CWE-122) during graphics parsing, yielding arbitrary code execution in the context of the current user. The CVSS 3.1 base score is 7.8 (AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R); there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV, but GDI+ image-parsing flaws are historically attractive to attackers.
Local privilege escalation via arbitrary code execution in Microsoft Windows Resilient File System (ReFS) affects a broad range of Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server (2016-2025) builds. An authorized (low-privileged) attacker who can trigger the vulnerable heap allocation path can corrupt heap memory (CWE-122) to run code in the security context of the ReFS driver, yielding full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, and the flaw is not on the CISA KEV list.
Local privilege escalation in the Microsoft Windows NTFS driver lets an already-authenticated attacker overflow a stack buffer (CWE-121) to run code with full system-level privileges. It affects a broad swath of supported Windows client and server builds, from Windows 10 1607 and Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Server 2025. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, and CISA's SSVC framework currently rates exploitation as none; EPSS is low at 0.34% (26th percentile), so this is a patch-on-schedule elevation-of-privilege bug rather than an emergency.
Local privilege escalation in the Windows NTFS filesystem driver (CWE-122 heap-based buffer overflow) lets a locally authenticated attacker corrupt kernel heap memory and execute arbitrary code, per Microsoft's CVSS 3.1 vector (AV:L/PR:L). Affected builds span Windows 10 (1607 through 22H2), Windows 11 (24H2/25H2/26H1), and Windows Server 2012 through 2025. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and CISA SSVC rates current exploitation as 'none', with a low EPSS score of 0.29% (21st percentile), though the technical impact is rated 'total'.
Remote code execution in Microsoft Active Directory Domain Services (AD DS) allows an authenticated network attacker to run arbitrary code on domain controllers by triggering a heap-based buffer overflow (CWE-122). Affected platforms span Windows Server 2012 through 2025 (including Server Core) and Windows 10/11 clients acting in AD roles, with Microsoft-issued patches available. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not on CISA KEV, but the CVSS 8.8 rating and the sensitivity of the domain-controller attack surface make this a high-priority patch.
Remote code execution in the Microsoft Windows DHCP Server role allows an authenticated network attacker (PR:L) to trigger a heap-based buffer overflow and run arbitrary code on the server. The flaw affects DHCP Server across Windows Server 2012 through Server 2025 (including Server Core installations) and carries a CVSS 8.8 with full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact. Reported by Microsoft with a vendor patch available; no public exploit identified at time of analysis.
Local privilege escalation via a heap-based buffer overflow in the Windows NTFS driver allows an authenticated attacker with low privileges to execute arbitrary code and gain full SYSTEM-level control. It affects a broad range of Windows client and server releases, from Windows 10 1607 and Windows Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2025. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, and SSVC records no observed exploitation; EPSS is low at 0.29% (21st percentile).
Local arbitrary code execution in Microsoft Excel arises from a heap-based buffer overflow (CWE-122) triggered when a user opens a maliciously crafted spreadsheet; successful exploitation runs attacker code in the context of the current user across desktop Office builds (Excel 2016, Office 2019, LTSC 2021/2024, Microsoft 365 Apps) on both Windows and Mac, as well as Office Online Server. The flaw carries CVSS 7.8 with high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact but requires user interaction (opening the file). No public exploit identified at time of analysis, and it is not listed in CISA KEV; a vendor patch is available from Microsoft.
Local code execution in Microsoft Windows Media Foundation lets an attacker run arbitrary code in the context of the victim after luring them to open a maliciously crafted media file. The flaw (CVE-2026-58610, CWE-122 heap-based buffer overflow) affects a broad range of Windows client and server releases from Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2016 through 2025. CVSS is 7.8 (AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R) with full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not on CISA KEV.
Local code execution in the Microsoft Graphics Component affects a broad range of supported Windows client and server releases (Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 26H1, and Windows Server 2012 through Server 2025). An attacker who convinces a user to open a specially crafted file or content triggers an out-of-bounds read (CWE-125) that Microsoft rates as enabling code execution with high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV; exploitation requires local access plus user interaction, making it a standard patch-cycle priority rather than an emergency.
Local privilege escalation in the Windows Virtual Hard Disk (VHD) Miniport Driver lets an authenticated low-privileged user corrupt kernel heap memory and gain SYSTEM-level control. The flaw (CWE-122 heap-based buffer overflow, CVSS 7.8) affects a broad range of Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server builds and was reported by Microsoft. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV.
Information disclosure in the Windows Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) stack across Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server 2012 R2 through 2025 lets a remote, unauthenticated attacker read memory beyond intended bounds and leak sensitive data over the network. Microsoft has published a patch and CVSS 3.1 rates it 7.5 (high) for the confidentiality-only impact. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis, and CISA's SSVC framework marks exploitation as 'none' with only partial technical impact, so this is a patch-on-schedule issue rather than an emergency.
Local code execution in Microsoft Excel (and the broader Office family through Microsoft 365 Apps, Office 2019/2021/2024 LTSC, Office for Mac, and Office Online Server) arises from a stack-based buffer overflow (CWE-121) triggered when a user opens a maliciously crafted spreadsheet. An attacker who convinces a victim to open the file runs arbitrary code in the security context of the current user, with high impact to confidentiality, integrity, and availability. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and the vulnerability is not listed in CISA KEV; Microsoft has released a patch.
Local code execution in Microsoft Excel (including Microsoft 365 Apps, Office 2016/2019, Office LTSC 2021/2024, and Office for Mac) arises from a heap-based buffer overflow (CWE-122) triggered when a victim opens a maliciously crafted spreadsheet, letting an attacker run arbitrary code in the user's context. The CVSS 3.1 score is 7.8 (AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H), reflecting that exploitation needs user interaction but no prior privileges once the file is opened. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis, and it is not listed in CISA KEV; Microsoft has released a patch.
Local code execution in Microsoft Defender (Microsoft Malware Protection Engine) allows an unauthorized attacker to run arbitrary code by having a maliciously crafted file processed by the scanning engine. The flaw stems from an integer overflow (CWE-190) that corrupts memory during scanning, yielding full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact. Reported by Microsoft with a vendor patch available; no public exploit identified at time of analysis.
Remote code execution in Microsoft Exchange Server (2016 CU23, 2019 CU14/CU15, and Subscription Edition RTM) lets an authenticated attacker corrupt heap memory to run arbitrary code across the network. The CVSS 3.1 vector (AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N) shows low-privilege network exploitation with full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact, and Microsoft has released a patch. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV.
Local code execution in Microsoft Windows GDI+ (the graphics rendering component) via a heap-based buffer overflow (CWE-122), affecting a broad range of Windows client and server releases from Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 26H1 and Server 2012 through Server 2025. Per the supplied CVSS vector (PR:N), an unauthorized attacker who gets the vulnerable component to process crafted graphics data can achieve high-impact code execution (C:H/I:H/A:H) on the local system. Microsoft has published a patch; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and the issue is not listed in CISA KEV.
Local privilege escalation to code execution in the Windows Resilient File System (ReFS) driver affects a broad range of Windows 10/11 and Windows Server 2016 through 2025 releases, where an integer overflow (CWE-190) in filesystem processing lets an already-authenticated local user run arbitrary code in an elevated context. The CVSS 3.1 vector (AV:L/PR:L) confirms low-privileged local access is required rather than remote exploitation, and there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis. Microsoft has released a patch via MSRC.
Local privilege escalation via heap-based buffer overflow in the Windows Message Queuing (MSMQ) Queue Manager component lets an authenticated local attacker corrupt heap memory and execute arbitrary code, gaining total control (SYSTEM-level) of the affected host. It impacts a broad range of Windows client and server builds from Windows Server 2012 through Windows 11 25H2/26H1 and Windows Server 2025. Microsoft has released patches; publicly available exploit code exists, though SSVC lists exploitation status as none and EPSS probability is low (0.39%).
Local code execution in Microsoft Windows Media Foundation lets an unauthorized attacker run arbitrary code by luring a user into opening a specially crafted media file. The flaw affects a broad range of Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server builds (from 1809 through Windows 11 26H1 and Server 2025), and Microsoft has released patches. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, but the low attack complexity and full C/I/A impact make it a standard Patch-Tuesday priority.
Local privilege escalation in Microsoft Windows Win32K (the kernel-mode GUI subsystem) lets an already-authenticated low-privilege user corrupt kernel heap memory via a heap-based buffer overflow (CWE-122) to gain SYSTEM-level control. The flaw affects a broad range of client and server builds (Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 26H1, and Windows Server 2016 through 2025). Microsoft has released a patch; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV.
Remote code execution in the Windows Remote Desktop Client (RDP client on Windows 11 24H2/25H2/26H1 and Windows Server 2025) allows an unauthorized attacker to run arbitrary code by coercing a victim into connecting to a malicious or attacker-controlled RDP server, which returns crafted data that overflows a heap buffer. Reported by Microsoft with a vendor patch available, it carries CVSS 8.8 and requires user interaction (initiating the connection). EPSS is modest (0.67%, 48th percentile) and there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis, though SSVC rates it automatable with total technical impact.
Network denial of service in the Windows Internet Key Exchange (IKE) protocol implementation allows an unauthenticated remote attacker to crash affected systems by triggering a heap-based buffer overflow. All impact is to availability only (CVSS 7.5, A:H, no confidentiality or integrity loss), making this a reliability/uptime threat against IPsec/VPN-facing Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server hosts rather than a code-execution vulnerability. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV, but the low attack complexity and lack of authentication make it a meaningful patching priority for internet-exposed IPsec endpoints.
Local privilege escalation in the Windows Overlay Filter (WOF) driver allows an authenticated low-privileged user to elevate to SYSTEM by triggering a heap-based buffer overflow (CWE-122). The flaw spans a broad range of client and server SKUs from Windows 10 1607 through Windows 11 26H1 and Windows Server 2012 R2 through Server 2025. Microsoft has shipped a patch; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV.
Denial of service in Microsoft Active Directory Federation Services (AD FS) allows a remote, unauthenticated attacker to crash the service by triggering a stack-based buffer overflow over the network (CVSS 7.5, availability-only impact). Because AD FS brokers single sign-on and federated authentication, a successful attack can knock out login for every downstream application that relies on it. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis, and it is not listed in CISA KEV.
Denial of service in Microsoft Active Directory Federation Services (AD FS) lets a remote, unauthenticated attacker crash the service by triggering a stack-based buffer overflow (CWE-121) over the network. The flaw affects AD FS as shipped across a broad range of Windows client and server builds (Windows 10/11 and Windows Server 2012 through 2025). Microsoft - the reporting party - has released a patch; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and the CVE is not listed in CISA KEV.
Remote code execution in the Microsoft Windows FTP Service allows an unauthenticated network attacker to run arbitrary code by triggering a heap-based buffer overflow (CWE-122). The flaw affects the FTP service across a broad range of Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server (2019/2022/2025) builds and carries a critical CVSS 9.8 rating with no authentication or user interaction required. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV, but the unauthenticated, network-reachable nature of the bug makes it a high-priority patch target.
Local privilege escalation in Microsoft Windows DNS lets an already-authenticated, low-privileged attacker corrupt heap memory to gain higher (likely SYSTEM) privileges on affected Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server 2022/2025 systems. The flaw is a heap-based buffer overflow (CWE-122) reported by Microsoft itself, with a vendor patch available via MSRC. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and it is not listed in CISA KEV, so it currently represents a patch-priority rather than an emergency.
Remote code execution in Microsoft Active Directory Domain Services (AD DS) allows an unauthenticated network attacker to corrupt heap memory and run arbitrary code on affected domain controllers. The flaw (CVE-2026-49164, CVSS 8.1) spans a broad range of Windows client and server builds from Windows 10 1607 and Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Server 2025, with full confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact. Microsoft has released a patch; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis, and the high attack complexity (AC:H) tempers the practical exploitation likelihood.
Remote code execution in the Microsoft ODBC Driver for SQL Server (shipped across Windows 10, Windows 11, and Windows Server 2012 through 2025) stems from a heap-based buffer overflow that lets an attacker run arbitrary code over the network. The supplied CVSS 3.1 vector (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N) scores it 9.8 and marks it unauthenticated, though as a database driver flaw the realistic trigger is a client connecting to a malicious or compromised SQL Server endpoint. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and no CISA KEV listing, so this is a high-severity but not yet actively-exploited issue.
Remote code execution in the Microsoft Windows Bluetooth Port Driver (bthport) allows an adjacent, unauthenticated attacker to run arbitrary code by triggering a heap-based buffer overflow over Bluetooth radio range. The flaw spans a wide range of Windows client and server builds, from Windows 10 1607 and Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H1 and Server 2025. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis, EPSS is modest at 0.38% (30th percentile), and CISA SSVC currently marks exploitation as 'none', but the CVSS 8.8 rating and 'total' technical impact make this a high-priority patch.
Stack-based buffer overflow in the Totolink NR1800X router (firmware 9.1.0u.6279_B20210910) lets remote attackers corrupt memory by supplying an oversized HTTP Host header to the Form_Logout handler at /formLogout.htm, served by the embedded lighttpd web interface. Because the flaw is reachable over the network without authentication and publicly available exploit code exists, it is a strong candidate for opportunistic exploitation despite not yet appearing in CISA KEV. Successful exploitation can crash the device or, given the CWE-121 stack overwrite, potentially achieve code execution on the router.
Out-of-bounds memory disclosure in Python Pillow before 12.3.0 lets an attacker who supplies a crafted McIdas AREA image file read adjacent process memory or crash the host application. When such a file is opened from a filename, header words control the raw-codec mmap row stride; setting it below the true row width causes later pixel operations (tobytes, getpixel, convert, save) to read past the mapped region. No public exploit is identified at time of analysis and it is not in CISA KEV, but the upstream fix, PR, and a regression test are public, making the flaw well documented.
Heap out-of-bounds write in Python Pillow prior to 12.3.0 lets an attacker who controls the rank-filter size parameter corrupt native heap memory and crash or potentially manipulate the process. ImageFilter.RankFilter.filter() calls image.expand(size // 2, size // 2) before validating the filter size, and the native ImagingExpand() routine computes output dimensions using unchecked signed-int arithmetic, so a very large odd size overflows and drives an out-of-bounds write (CWE-787). No public exploit is identified at time of analysis; the flaw is fixed in Pillow 12.3.0.
Out-of-bounds heap read in Python Pillow's TGA RLE encoder (versions 5.2.0 through 12.2.x) lets adjacent process heap bytes leak into a generated TGA file when an application saves a mode '1' (1-bit) image using compression='tga_rle'. The flaw is an information-disclosure bug (CWE-125), fixed in 12.3.0, with no public exploit identified at time of analysis. The NVD CVSS of 7.5 (network vector) overstates practical reach because triggering the leak depends on the host application invoking this specific and unusual save path.
Denial-of-service and controlled heap corruption in Python's Pillow imaging library (all versions prior to 12.3.0) occurs when ImageCms.ImageCmsTransform.apply() is invoked with an output image whose mode does not match the transform's declared output mode, causing an out-of-bounds write in the native color-management code. The pre-fix code only validated the output mode and never validated the input mode, so a mismatched buffer geometry lets the C-level transform write past allocation bounds. No public exploit has been identified at time of analysis; the fix is confirmed in release 12.3.0 via the vendor security advisory GHSA-9hw9-ch79-4vh6.
Denial of service (and potential memory corruption) in Python Pillow before 12.3.0 arises when public image coordinate APIs - Image.paste(), Image.crop(), and Image.alpha_composite() - are handed box coordinates near the signed 32-bit integer boundary (±2**31), causing a native heap out-of-bounds write in the C imaging core. Any application that forwards untrusted coordinate values into these calls can be crashed, and the OOB write raises the theoretical prospect of heap corruption. No public exploit identified at time of analysis; the fix (integer-overflow-safe int64_t arithmetic) shipped in 12.3.0.