Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain
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AccessObtain local low-privileged access
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ExploitLocate kernel-driver log file
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ExecutionRead improperly logged sensitive data
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ImpactUse data for further escalation
Vulnerability Assessment
| Weakness |
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A09:2025 - Security Logging & Alerting Failures
ASVS 5.0
V16 - Security Logging and Error Handling Log data sanitization
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| Exploitation Conditions | Exploitation requires local access to an affected Windows system with existing low-level privileges (PR:L) - an attacker must already be able to run code or read files as a logged-on user; it cannot be triggered remotely or by an unauthenticated party. The attacker must be able to reach the kernel-mode driver log file into which the sensitive information is written. Limiting factors: no remote vector (AV:L), required prior authentication (PR:L), and no user interaction of a victim is involved, so impact is confined to confidentiality on a host the attacker has already accessed. Patched builds for each affected Windows edition (per the EUVD version list) remediate the issue. |
| Impact | This is a moderate-severity local information-disclosure flaw (CVSS 5.5) whose real-world urgency is low. The CVSS vector (AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N) requires local access and existing low-level privileges (PR:L), limiting exposure to attackers who already have a foothold on the host; the only impact is high confidentiality loss with no integrity or availability effect, consistent with CWE-532 (sensitive information written to a log file). All exploitation signals point the same direction and do not conflict: SSVC rates Exploitation as 'none', Automatable as 'no', and Technical Impact as 'partial'; there is no CISA KEV listing and no public exploit identified. This should be treated as a routine patch-cycle item rather than an emergency - its priority comes from the ubiquity of Windows, not from any exploitation pressure. One caveat: the MSRC advisory text supplied here is terse, so the exact nature of the disclosed data and the log location are not confirmed from the provided data and would need verification against the vendor advisory. |
| Exploit ScenarioDerived | An attacker who has already obtained a low-privileged local account on a Windows host (e.g., a standard user or a foothold from another compromise) reads a kernel-mode driver log file into which sensitive information has been improperly recorded, harvesting data they should not be able to see. No public exploit code is identified, and because it requires local authenticated access with no automation, it is most plausible as a post-compromise privilege/information-escalation step rather than an initial intrusion vector. |
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Alert meAnalysisAIv1 – Oct 14, 2026
Information disclosure in Windows Kernel-Mode Drivers lets a locally authenticated user with only low-level privileges read sensitive information that the driver writes into its log files, affecting a broad range of Windows client and server releases from Windows Server 2012 through Windows 11 26H2 and Windows Server 2025. The flaw is rated CVSS 5.5 (AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N), so it is strictly local, requires prior authentication, needs no victim interaction, and causes only confidentiality loss on a host the attacker has already accessed. There is no public exploit identified at time of analysis, CISA SSVC records exploitation as none and the issue is not automatable, and Microsoft has released patched builds for all affected editions, making real-world urgency low despite the high confidentiality sub-score.
RemediationAI
Vendor-released patch: Microsoft has published fixed builds for every affected edition, and remediation is to apply the current Windows cumulative security update so each host reaches or exceeds its branch threshold - Windows Server 2012 6.2.9200.26434, Windows Server 2012 R2 6.3.9600.23470, Windows Server 2016 and Windows 10 1607 10.0.14393.9612, Windows Server 2019 and Windows 10 1809 10.0.17763.9376, Windows Server 2022 10.0.20348.5761, Windows Server 2025 10.0.26100.33650, Windows 10 21H2/22H2 10.0.19044.7807, Windows 11 23H2 10.0.22631.7652, Windows 11 24H2 10.0.26100.9711, Windows 11 25H2 10.0.26200.9711, Windows 11 26H1 10.0.28000.3231, and Windows 11 26H2 10.0.26300.9711; track deployment through the MSRC advisory at https://msrc.microsoft.com/update-guide/vulnerability/CVE-2026-85857. Until patching completes, and because the bug requires an already-authenticated local user, the highest-value compensating control is to tighten NTFS ACLs and directory inheritance on kernel-mode driver log and diagnostic output locations so that only SYSTEM, Administrators, and explicitly authorized service accounts have read access - with the trade-off that overly aggressive ACLs can break support tooling, ETW trace collection, and third-party monitoring agents that read those logs. Reducing who can obtain an interactive local session (restricting the local logon right and RDP access to trusted administrators, and enforcing least privilege so day-to-day users are not local admins) removes the PR:L precondition entirely, at the cost of changing end-user workflow on shared or kiosk systems. Because the leakage is a read-only confidentiality event, detection should focus on auditing and alerting on unusual read access to kernel driver log paths by low-privileged accounts rather than on integrity monitoring; note that event-log auditing of file reads is verbose and can impose measurable performance and storage overhead on busy hosts.
Affected VersionsENISA
Affected Packages
Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)
Affects your stack
Affects 20 packages in euvd
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Technical ContextAI · show details
The root cause is CWE-532, insertion of sensitive information into a log file, occurring inside Windows kernel-mode drivers that run at ring 0 with full system privilege. Kernel drivers frequently emit diagnostic and telemetry records containing privileged state, kernel pointers and memory contents, security context or token material, or unredacted user data; when such records are persisted to a log file or log directory whose ACLs or handle-creation logic permit standard users to open and read it, that privileged data crosses a trust boundary downward to any locally logged-on account. The CVSS vector AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N confirms the attack path is entirely local with no user-supplied complexity or victim interaction, yields a high confidentiality impact, and provides no integrity or availability effect - the attacker only reads, never alters, system state. The CPE/version data spans Windows 10 (1607, 1809, 21H2, 22H2), Windows 11 (23H2, 24H2, 25H2, 26H1, 26H2), and Windows Server 2012, 2012 R2, 2016, 2019, 2022, and 2025, including Server Core installation variants, indicating the vulnerable logging code path is shared across the modern Windows servicing branches rather than isolated to a single kernel component. Exploitation conditions require the attacker to already hold a low-privileged local session and to be able to reach the affected log artifact, which sharply limits the practical attack surface to insider, post-compromise, or shared-workstation scenarios. ENISA EUVD tracks the issue as EUVD-2026-99561 and Microsoft is credited as the reporting party (secure@microsoft.com).
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Severity by source
AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N
Local authenticated attacker reads sensitive data logged by a kernel driver, so AV:L and PR:L with C:H only; no integrity or availability impact.
Primary rating from Vendor (microsoft).
CVSS VectorVendor: microsoft
Lifecycle Timeline
2DescriptionCVE.org
Insertion of sensitive information into log file in Windows Kernel-Mode Drivers allows an authorized attacker to disclose information locally.
Threat Intelligence Overview
How this decision was reached
The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.
What every action level means
SSVC AssessmentENISA
Priority Score
Attack Technique
Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security.
EUVD-2026-99561
GHSA-g4f7-wc62-qgf4
NVD
CVE.org
EPSS
Vulnrichment
Exploit-DB