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ZKTeco BioTime EUVDEUVD-2026-97169

| CVE-2026-108798 MEDIUM
Use of Hard-coded Cryptographic Key (CWE-321)
2026-10-12 VulDB GHSA-9jjc-qwqp-v5mv
6.9
CVSS 4.0 · Vendor: VulDB
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Attack ChainAIDerived

Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain

  1. Access
    Reach BioTime over network
  2. Exploit
    Extract hard-coded key from product
  3. Execution
    Decrypt or forge protected data
  4. Impact
    Disclose or tamper with sensitive information

Vulnerability Assessment

Weakness
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A04:2025 - Cryptographic Failures
ASVS 5.0
V11 - Cryptography Key management, no hard-coded keys
Exploitation Conditions

Exploitation requires that an attacker obtain the static cryptographic key that ZKTeco BioTime 9.5.6 ships embedded in its code - recoverable by anyone with access to the application binary, installer, or firmware - and then reach a network-exposed BioTime service that relies on that key (per CVSS AV:N/PR:N/UI:N, no authentication or user interaction is needed). The principal limiting factors are that the source does not identify which feature or data the key protects (so realistic impact cannot be confirmed), that only version 9.5.6 Build 20260130.3206 is named as affected, and that the per-dimension impact is Low - meaning the key likely guards a specific data flow rather than enabling full system takeover. No non-default configuration is cited as a prerequisite.

Impact

This is a moderate-severity issue (vendor-reported CVSS 4.0 base 6.9) whose signals are mixed and largely unverified beyond a single source (VulDB). The CVSS 4.0 vector (AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N) indicates a remotely reachable, low-complexity, unauthenticated weakness, which inflates the base score, but all three impact dimensions are rated Low (VC:L/VI:L/VA:L) - consistent with a hard-coded cryptographic key (CWE-321) that erodes confidentiality/integrity protections rather than granting direct code execution or full compromise. There is no CISA KEV listing and no public proof-of-concept referenced, so there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis; the probability-of-exploitation (EPSS) was not supplied. No SSVC decision data was provided. The practical significance of a hard-coded key depends entirely on what the key protects (session tokens, stored credentials, API traffic) and that detail is absent from the description ('some unknown processing'). Net: treat this as a real but secondary-priority hardening issue rather than an urgent emergency - the low per-dimension impacts and absence of exploitation evidence argue against widespread active abuse, while the unauthenticated-remote vector warrants patching once a vendor fix exists. Note the vendor did not respond to disclosure, so an official fix and authoritative impact confirmation may be unavailable.

Exploit ScenarioDerived

A remote attacker who knows or recovers the static, hard-coded cryptographic key embedded in ZKTeco BioTime (e.g. extracted from the application binary or firmware) uses it to decrypt, forge, or tamper with data the key is meant to protect, such as session tokens or stored secrets. Because the key is identical across all installations, the same recovered key works against every deployed instance. No public exploit code is identified at time of analysis, and the exact protected asset is not described by the source.

This Month Plan within 30 days. Why: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9).
No patch listed yet 0.3% exploitation probability (EPSS)

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AnalysisAIv1 – Oct 12, 2026

Hard-coded cryptographic keys shipped inside ZKTeco BioTime 9.5.6 Build 20260130.3206 can be recovered by anyone with access to the application binary, installer, or firmware, and then reused against a network-exposed BioTime service with no authentication and no user interaction required (CVSS:3.1 AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N, Low confidentiality/integrity/availability impact). The vendor-reported CVSS 4.0 base score is 6.9, the disclosure originates from a single source (VulDB), and there is no CISA KEV listing and no public exploit identified at time of analysis; because the report does not identify which feature or data the key protects, realistic impact cannot be confirmed and only version 9.5.6 Build 20260130.3206 is named as affected. Attackers must still be able to obtain the binary/firmware containing the key and reach a BioTime service that actually relies on it before any of the Low-severity impact materializes.

RemediationAI

No vendor-released patch identified at time of analysis, and no fixed version is specified in the available intelligence: ZKTeco was reportedly contacted early about the disclosure and did not respond, and the only references are VulDB pages (https://vuldb.com/vuln/416575, https://vuldb.com/vuln/416575/cti, https://vuldb.com/cve/CVE-2026-108798, https://vuldb.com/submit/961812). Until a vendor fix or an official statement exists, treat the embedded key as public and apply compensating controls: remove BioTime management, API and device-synchronization interfaces from direct internet exposure and require VPN or an authenticated reverse proxy for remote access, accepting the trade-off of reduced convenience for remote administrators and mobile clients; segment the BioTime host on a dedicated VLAN that permits only the biometric terminals and operator workstations that need it, which limits lateral movement but requires network reconfiguration and firewall rule maintenance; and place an application-layer filter in front of the web service to reject requests that use the recovered key or exhibit anomalous API patterns, understanding that signature-based filtering is bypassable and can produce false positives against legitimate integrations. Because the key cannot be rotated by the customer in a hard-coded scheme, any deployment of the named build must be assumed to have a compromised secret; where feasible, have the vendor replace the key or move to per-installation key generation, and in the interim restrict access to the binaries and firmware images so the key is not trivially harvested, and monitor BioTime logs for authentication or data-access activity originating from unexpected sources. Pending a vendor response, plan an upgrade path as soon as ZKTeco publishes a patched build.

Affected VersionsENISA

BioTime 9.5.6 Build 20260130.3206

Affected Packages

euvd biotime_9_5_6_build no fix

Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)

Affects your stack

Affects 1 package in euvd

Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.

Technical ContextAI · show details

The root cause is CWE-321 (Use of Hard-coded Cryptographic Key): ZKTeco BioTime embeds a static cryptographic key directly in its code rather than generating or deriving it per installation, so the key is identical across every deployment of the affected build. Because the value ships in the application binary, installer, or device firmware, it can be extracted by straightforward reverse engineering or string analysis without any privileged access to a running instance, which removes the secrecy assumption that the key's protection depends on. ZKTeco BioTime is a web-based time-and-attendance and workforce-management platform that communicates with ZKTeco biometric terminals and exposes network-facing services (device synchronization, API and reporting endpoints), and cryptographic material in such products is typically used for device or session authentication, token signing, or protecting stored configuration and records. The CVSS 4.0 vector CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L with all subsequent threat and environmental metrics set to X (not defined) indicates a network-reachable, low-complexity attack with no additional attack requirements, no privileges and no user interaction, but it also signals that exploit maturity, severity and impact were not independently established. Our independent assessment maps this to CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L, i.e. unauthenticated remote exploitation with Low impact across all three dimensions, consistent with a key that guards a specific data flow rather than enabling full system takeover. The CPE cpe:2.3:a:zkteco:biotime:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* uses a wildcard version, meaning the affected range is not formally bounded by the source data; only the named build is confirmed. No EPSS score, exploit maturity rating, or patch reference was supplied in the available intelligence.

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Severity by source

Vendor (VulDB) PRIMARY 6.9 MEDIUM
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
vuln.today AI 7.3 HIGH

Hard-coded key is remotely leverageable without auth or interaction (AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N); impacts kept Low across C/I/A to match the reported partial impact and unknown protected asset, scope unchanged.

3.1 AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L
4.0 AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

Primary rating from Vendor (VulDB).

CVSS VectorVendor: VulDB

Attack Vector
Network
Attack Complexity
Low
Attack Requirements
None
Privileges Required
None
User Interaction
None
Vulnerable system: Confidentiality
Low
Vulnerable system: Integrity
Low
Vulnerable system: Availability
Low
Subsequent system: Confidentiality
None
Subsequent system: Integrity
None
Subsequent system: Availability
None

DescriptionCVE.org

A vulnerability was found in ZKTeco BioTime 9.5.6 Build 20260130.3206. This issue affects some unknown processing. The manipulation results in use of hard-coded cryptographic key . The attack may be launched remotely. The vendor was contacted early about this disclosure but did not respond in any way.

Threat Intelligence Overview

EPSS Score
0.3%
Top 81% exploitable
Prevalence
Medium
ZKTeco biometric time-attendance software, common in access-control deployments but vendor-specific
Social Media
1
Sightings
Data Quality
5 sources
Confidence: Medium

How this decision was reached

The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.

SignalValue
Severity MEDIUM
CISA KEV No
Public POC No
EPSS 0.3%
Patch available No
Active threat No
Deciding rule
MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9)
What every action level means
Emergency Immediate action required. Criteria: CRITICAL + in CISA KEV (actively exploited) without patch, OR CRITICAL + EPSS > 30% without patch, OR CRITICAL + active threat signals without patch.
Act Now Prioritize within 24-48h. Criteria: in KEV with patch available, OR CRITICAL + public POC, OR HIGH + EPSS > 10%, OR CRITICAL + active threat, OR any CRITICAL severity.
This Week Schedule remediation this week. Criteria: HIGH severity (CVSS 7.0-8.9). Patch within normal change window.
This Month Plan within 30 days. Criteria: MEDIUM severity (CVSS 4.0-6.9), lower exploitation probability. Include in regular patch cycle.
Monitor Track and reassess. Criteria: LOW severity (CVSS 0.1-3.9), minimal exploitation risk. No immediate action needed.

SSVC AssessmentENISA

SSVC Decision· derived
Scheduled
Exploitation· derived
None
System Exposure· derived
Open
Automatable· derived
Yes
Human Impact· derived
Medium

Priority Score

34
Low Medium High Critical
KEV: 0
EPSS: 0
CVSS: +34
PoC: 0
Weaponized: 0
Threat intel: 0
Gov advisory: 0

Attack Technique

Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security.

CVE-2023-38950 HIGH POC
7.5 Aug 03

A path traversal vulnerability in the iclock API of ZKTeco BioTime v8.5.5 allows unauthenticated attackers to read arbit

CVE-2023-38952 HIGH POC
7.5 Aug 03

Insecure access control in ZKTeco BioTime through 9.0.1 allows authenticated attackers to escalate their privileges due

CVE-2023-51142 HIGH POC
7.5 Apr 11

An issue in ZKTeco BioTime v.8.5.4 and before allows a remote attacker to obtain sensitive information. Rated high sever

CVE-2022-38803 MEDIUM POC
6.8 Nov 30

Zkteco BioTime < 8.5.3 Build:20200816.447 is vulnerable to Incorrect Access Control via Leave, overtime, Manual log. Rat

CVE-2023-51141 MEDIUM POC
6.5 Apr 11

An issue in ZKTeko BioTime v.8.5.4 and before allows a remote attacker to obtain sensitive information via the Authentic

CVE-2023-38951 CRITICAL
9.8 Aug 03

ZKTeco BioTime 8.5.5 through 9.x before 9.0.1 (20240617.19506) allows authenticated attackers to create or overwrite arb

CVE-2022-38802 MEDIUM POC
6.2 Nov 30

Zkteco BioTime < 8.5.3 Build:20200816.447 is vulnerable to Incorrect Access Control via resign, private message, manual

CVE-2024-6523 MEDIUM POC
5.3 Jul 05

A vulnerability was found in ZKTeco BioTime up to 9.5.2. Rated medium severity (CVSS 5.3), this vulnerability is remotel

CVE-2022-30515 MEDIUM POC
5.3 Nov 08

ZKTeco BioTime 8.5.4 is missing authentication on folders containing employee photos, allowing an attacker to view them

CVE-2023-38949 HIGH
7.5 Aug 03

An issue in a hidden API in ZKTeco BioTime v8.5.5 allows unauthenticated attackers to arbitrarily reset the Administrato

CVE-2022-38801 MEDIUM
5.4 Nov 30

In Zkteco BioTime < 8.5.3 Build:20200816.447, an employee can hijack an administrator session and cookies using blind cr

CVE-2026-108797 MEDIUM
5.3 Oct 12

Authorization bypass in ZKTeco BioTime 9.5.6 Build 20260130.3206 allows an authenticated low-privilege user to read pers

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