Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain
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AccessObtain low-privilege account (Subscriber)
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ExploitSend crafted AJAX request to vulnerable handler
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ExecutionBypass missing capability check
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ImpactHarvest all users' emails and profile data
Vulnerability Assessment
| Weakness |
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A01:2025 - Broken Access Control
ASVS 5.0
V14 - Data Protection Data exposure prevention
MITRE ATT&CK
2 techniques across 2 tactics: Collection, Discovery The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up. |
| Exploitation Conditions | Exploitation requires an authenticated WordPress account at any privilege level, including a low-tier Subscriber, on a site running WP-Invoice ≤4.3.1 - matching CVSS PR:L. The specific precondition is that the vulnerable AJAX handlers in the plugin perform no capability (permission) checks, so any logged-in session can invoke them regardless of role. The practical limiting factor is the need for a valid account: sites that disable public/open user registration substantially reduce exposure, since an attacker must otherwise obtain credentials. No user interaction, special configuration toggle, or non-default deployment mode is needed beyond having the plugin installed and active and possessing (or being able to create) any authenticated account. |
| Impact | This is a genuinely low-to-moderate priority issue despite being network-exploitable. The CVSS 3.1 vector (AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N, base 4.3) describes a remotely reachable flaw with low attack complexity and no user interaction, but it requires an authenticated account (PR:L) and yields only limited confidentiality impact with no integrity or availability impact - consistent with an information-disclosure (CWE-200) bug. CISA's SSVC framing reinforces the modest risk: Exploitation=none (no observed in-the-wild activity), Automatable=no, and Technical Impact=partial. The flaw is NOT in CISA KEV, so there is no confirmed active exploitation; however, publicly available exploit code exists (reported by WPScan), which raises the practical likelihood of opportunistic abuse above a theoretical bug. No EPSS score was provided in the input, so probabilistic exploitation likelihood cannot be quantified here. The signals are internally consistent rather than conflicting: a low-privilege authenticated attacker can harvest PII, but there is no escalation or system compromise. Net: a real but bounded data-leakage issue - worth patching promptly on affected sites, not an emergency. |
| Exploit ScenarioDerived | An attacker registers or already holds a low-privilege WordPress account (e.g., a Subscriber on a site that allows open registration) and sends crafted AJAX requests to WP-Invoice's unprotected handlers. Because capability checks are missing, the server returns email addresses, display names, and profile details for all registered users, enabling bulk PII harvesting for phishing or credential-stuffing target lists. Public exploit code exists (WPScan), lowering the skill barrier, though the low CVSS complexity means no sophisticated technique is required once authenticated. |
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Alert meAnalysisAIv1 – Oct 11, 2026
Information disclosure in the WP-Invoice WordPress plugin through version 4.3.1 allows any authenticated user - including a low-privileged Subscriber - to retrieve the email addresses, display names and profile details of every registered user on the site by invoking AJAX handlers that perform no capability checks. The issue is network-exploitable with low attack complexity (CVSS 3.1: 4.3, AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N) and requires only a valid logged-in account, which an attacker can often self-provision when public user registration is enabled. Publicly available exploit code exists, but CISA's SSVC assessment records no known exploitation at time of analysis, and no KEV listing applies. Because the leaked roster of names and emails is directly reusable for phishing and credential-targeting, the practical risk is moderate for sites with open registration and low for closed-membership deployments.
RemediationAI
No vendor-released patch was identified in the available intelligence for CVE-2026-97183, and version 4.3.1 remains the latest release listed as affected, so remediation currently depends on compensating controls rather than an upgrade. The most decisive action is to deactivate and delete the WP-Invoice plugin if invoicing is not a business requirement; this fully removes the vulnerable AJAX handlers at the cost of losing the plugin's invoicing and user-facing billing functionality. If the plugin must remain active, close the account-provisioning path that makes exploitation trivial: disable open user registration and set the default new-user role to the lowest available privilege, accepting that this breaks legitimate self-service signup. In parallel, audit and remove dormant or unnecessary Subscriber-level accounts, since every existing low-privilege account is a ready-made exploitation foothold. Because the flaw is reached exclusively through admin-ajax.php, a virtual patch that blocks requests for the vulnerable AJAX action names documented in the WPScan advisory (https://wpscan.com/vulnerability/a1aead4e-ea00-4f05-9c96-52196d7c9f33/) can be deployed at the WAF or reverse-proxy layer; validate the rule against legitimate invoicing workflows first, because over-broad admin-ajax.php filtering commonly breaks unrelated plugin functionality. Finally, treat the disclosed user directory as compromised data - notify affected account holders and raise phishing awareness, since the exposed names and email addresses are directly usable in targeted credential-harvesting campaigns. Monitor the WPScan advisory and the VulDB entry (https://vuldb.com/vuln/416547) for a patched release and reassess on publication.
Affected VersionsENISA
Affected Packages
Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)
Affects your stack
Affects 1 package in euvd
Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.
Technical ContextAI · show details
WP-Invoice is a WordPress plugin whose administrative and data-retrieval functions are exposed through WordPress's AJAX dispatcher, wp-admin/admin-ajax.php, where each action is registered via wp_ajax_* (and wp_ajax_nopriv_* for unauthenticated use) hooks. Well-formed handlers gate these callbacks with current_user_can() capability checks and nonce validation; the handlers described here omit those authorization checks, so the WordPress login check alone is treated as sufficient. That is the mechanistic root cause class - missing authorization / missing capability check (CWE-862) - while the assigned CWE-200 (Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor) describes the resulting impact, namely disclosure of user email addresses, display names and profile metadata to a caller who should not have access to them. The CVSS vector's PR:L is consistent with this design: exploitation requires only some authenticated session, not a specific role or privilege, because the plugin fails to distinguish between a Subscriber and an administrator. The supplied CPE string, cpe:2.3:a:unknown:wp-invoice:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*, carries an unmapped vendor field but confirms the affected product is the wp-invoice plugin across all versions in the vulnerable range. No server-side component, protocol weakness, or exotic configuration is involved; the exposure is purely an application-layer authorization failure reachable over standard HTTP requests.
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Severity by source
AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N
Remotely reachable AJAX endpoint (AV:N/AC:L) requiring any logged-in account (PR:L); only limited PII disclosure (C:L), with no integrity or availability impact.
Primary rating from Vendor (WPScan).
CVSS VectorVendor: WPScan
Lifecycle Timeline
3DescriptionCVE.org
The WP-Invoice WordPress plugin through 4.3.1 does not perform capability checks in several of its AJAX handlers, allowing any authenticated user, such as a Subscriber, to retrieve the email addresses, display names and profile details of all registered users.
Threat Intelligence Overview
How this decision was reached
The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.
What every action level means
SSVC AssessmentENISA
Priority Score
Attack Technique
Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security.
EUVD-2026-96796
GHSA-82r4-qmh5-8qxf
NVD
CVE.org
EPSS
Vulnrichment
VulDB
Exploit-DB