Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain
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AccessIdentify site running Ozeum theme <= 1.3.0
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DeliverySend crafted request with manipulated file-path parameter
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ExploitForce PHP to include attacker-chosen local file
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ExecutionRead sensitive files or trigger code execution
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ImpactDisclose credentials / compromise site
Vulnerability Assessment
| Weakness |
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A05:2025 - Injection
ASVS 5.0
V5 - File Handling File inclusion prevention, allowlisting
MITRE ATT&CK
2 techniques across 2 tactics: Initial Access, Command and Control The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up. |
| Exploitation Conditions | Exploitation targets the Ozeum WordPress theme at versions <= 1.3.0 and requires no authentication (PR:N) and no user interaction (UI:N), reachable over the network. However, the advisory does NOT name the specific vulnerable parameter, endpoint, feature, or configuration, and the vendor's HIGH attack complexity (AC:H) indicates that reliable exploitation depends on conditions the attacker does not fully control - for example a specific site/server configuration, non-default state, or a race/timing element - rather than a single trivially repeatable request. The primary limiting factors are therefore the AC:H prerequisite and the narrow affected population (only sites running this particular theme at or below 1.3.0); the exact triggering condition should be confirmed against the Patchstack database entry before assessing realistic risk. |
| Impact | This is a serious-sounding but context-dependent issue. The vendor CVSS vector (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H, base 8.1) describes a network-reachable, unauthenticated flaw (PR:N) with no user interaction but HIGH attack complexity (AC:H), which is the single biggest risk-dampening signal here - AC:H means successful exploitation depends on conditions outside the attacker's direct control (timing, specific configuration, or non-default state) rather than a trivially repeatable request. No EPSS score, no CISA KEV listing, and no public POC were provided, so there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and no evidence of active or automated exploitation. There is a notable internal tension in the data: the title and tags label this 'Local File Inclusion' / 'Information Disclosure' (impacts normally confined to confidentiality), yet the vendor assigned I:H and A:H as well - consistent with CWE-98 (improper control of filename for include/require), which can escalate from file read to remote code execution via techniques like PHP wrappers or log poisoning. That I:H/A:H rating should be verified with Patchstack, as it may reflect worst-case RFI-to-RCE potential rather than a demonstrated outcome. Net: treat as a genuine patch priority for anyone running the Ozeum theme (unauthenticated + potential RCE), but the AC:H rating and absence of EPSS/KEV/POC signals argue against emergency, drop-everything urgency compared with a low-complexity, actively-exploited bug. |
| Exploit ScenarioDerived | A remote, unauthenticated attacker sends crafted requests to a WordPress site running the Ozeum theme (<= 1.3.0), abusing a parameter that is passed unsanitized into a PHP include/require to read sensitive local files such as wp-config.php. Because the underlying weakness is CWE-98, the attacker may be able to escalate from file disclosure to code execution if a local file under their influence (e.g., logs or uploads) can be included. No public exploit code is identified at time of analysis, and the high CVSS attack complexity (AC:H) indicates reliable exploitation depends on specific conditions. |
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Alert meAnalysisAIv1 – Oct 10, 2026
Unauthenticated local file inclusion in the Ozeum WordPress theme (ThemeREX) through version 1.3.0 allows remote attackers to control a PHP include/require path and read arbitrary files on the hosting server, potentially exposing wp-config.php database credentials, API keys, and other sensitive content. Patchstack reports this as a High-severity issue at CVSS 8.1, while the independent assessment keeps attack complexity High (AC:H) and lowers integrity and availability impact to Low (C:H/I:L/A:L), meaning reliable exploitation hinges on conditions the attacker does not fully control and the realistic exposure is confined to sites running this specific theme at or below 1.3.0. No public exploit code and no confirmed active exploitation (CISA KEV) were identified at time of analysis.
RemediationAI
No vendor-released patch version was identified at time of analysis; the only public reference is the Patchstack database entry (https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/theme/ozeum/vulnerability/wordpress-ozeum-theme-1-3-0-local-file-inclusion-vulnerability?_s_id=cve), which should be monitored for a fixed release, and if ThemeREX publishes one it should be applied immediately while confirming it is above 1.3.0. If no fix is issued, the most reliable action is to remove the Ozeum theme entirely or replace it with a maintained theme, since deactivating a theme that is not currently active may be insufficient when the vulnerable include is still reachable through installed theme files; sites that must keep it should treat the theme as untrusted third-party code. Specific compensating controls: deploy a web application firewall or reverse-proxy rule that rejects requests containing traversal payloads (../, ..%2f, %2e%2e%2f, php://, data://, and overlong or double-encoded variants) in query strings, POST bodies, and cookie values, accepting that false positives against legitimate file-name parameters and encoding bypasses are possible; set PHP open_basedir to confine file access to the WordPress document root and upload directory, with the trade-off that legitimate theme, plugin, or admin routines that read files outside that tree will break; and review file permissions so wp-config.php and other sensitive files are not world-readable, which limits the value of a disclosure but does not stop the inclusion itself. Log and alert on PHP warnings referencing include/require with unusual paths, as these are the most reliable detection signal for exploitation attempts given that the vulnerable parameter is not publicly documented.
Affected VersionsENISA
Affected Packages
Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)
Affects your stack
Affects 1 package in euvd
Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.
Technical ContextAI · show details
The flaw is classified as CWE-98, improper control of a filename used in a PHP include/require statement, the root-cause class behind both local and remote file inclusion in PHP applications. In a WordPress theme, PHP template files routinely pull in other files via include(), require(), or require_once(), and the Ozeum theme fails to properly validate or sanitize the value used to build that path before it reaches the include call. An attacker who reaches the vulnerable code path can inject path traversal sequences or PHP stream wrappers such as php://filter to coerce the interpreter into loading a file outside the intended theme directory, yielding disclosure of local files under the web server's account and, if writable upload locations and a suitable include target coexist, creating a plausible path to code execution. The provided CPE cpe:2.3:a:themerex:ozeum:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:* identifies the vendor as themerex and the product as ozeum but uses wildcards that do not pin a version, so the authoritative scope comes from the advisory text (<= 1.3.0). Notably, the Patchstack entry does not name the vulnerable parameter, endpoint, hook, or feature, and the High attack complexity retained in the independent assessment indicates the trigger depends on a specific site or server configuration, a non-default state, or a timing/ordering element rather than a single repeatable request; the exact prerequisite should be confirmed against the Patchstack database entry before risk is finalized.
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Severity by source
AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Network, unauthenticated LFI justifies AV:N/PR:N and the vendor's AC:H; confidentiality is the clear high impact (C:H), but I/A set to L since CWE-98 RCE escalation is plausible yet unproven.
Primary rating from Vendor (Patchstack).
CVSS VectorVendor: Patchstack
DescriptionCVE.org
Unauthenticated Local File Inclusion in Ozeum <= 1.3.0 versions.
Executive ViewAI
Organizations running the Ozeum WordPress theme (ThemeREX) at version 1.3.0 or earlier face a high-severity file disclosure flaw that could expose sensitive configuration files on affected web servers. If exploited, this could reveal database credentials, API keys, and other secrets, enabling broader compromise of the website and connected systems. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, but leadership should prioritize confirming whether this theme is used because no vendor-released patch identified at time of analysis and exposure is limited to sites with the affected theme versions.
No vendor-released patch identified at time of analysis. Interim mitigations: remove or disable the Ozeum WordPress theme (ThemeREX) if not required; if it must remain, deploy WAF virtual patching for file inclusion attempts, restrict access to theme files, harden wp-config.php file permissions, enforce least-privilege database accounts, rotate database and API credentials if exposure is suspected, and monitor logs for abnormal file access.
Threat Intelligence Overview
How this decision was reached
The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.
What every action level means
SSVC AssessmentENISA
Priority Score
Attack Technique
Local File Inclusion vulnerabilities occur when an application accepts user-controlled input to specify which file should be loaded or executed, typically through functions like PHP's `include()`, `require()`, or `fopen()`.
Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security.
EUVD-2026-96486
GHSA-3j2c-57rw-q28v
NVD
CVE.org
EPSS
Vulnrichment
Exploit-DB