Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain
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AccessIdentify site running Aalto theme ≤1.8
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DeliverySend crafted HTTP request with manipulated include parameter
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ExploitCoerce PHP include/require to load target file
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ExecutionDisclose sensitive files or execute included PHP
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ImpactHarvest credentials / achieve code execution
Vulnerability Assessment
| Weakness |
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A05:2025 - Injection
ASVS 5.0
V5 - File Handling File inclusion prevention, allowlisting
MITRE ATT&CK
2 techniques across 2 tactics: Initial Access, Command and Control The technique list with ATT&CK links and the kill-chain view is part of the Basic plan and up. |
| Exploitation Conditions | Exploitation targets the Aalto WordPress theme (vendor Edge Themes) at versions 1.8 and earlier, via a web request that reaches the vulnerable PHP file-inclusion sink (CWE-98) without authentication (PR:N) and without user interaction (UI:N). The limiting factor is the CVSS AC:H rating: a non-default or attacker-uncontrolled precondition must be met - for example a specific request parameter/path, a reachable theme code path, or the ability to place/point to includable content - meaning exploitation is not guaranteed against every install. Realistic risk is bounded by the fact that only sites actively running the Aalto theme ≤1.8 are affected; sites on patched versions or using other themes are not exposed. |
| Impact | This is a serious-on-paper but context-dependent issue. The CVSS 3.1 vector (AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/C:H/I:H/A:H, base 8.1) describes a network-reachable, unauthenticated flaw requiring no user interaction, which argues for priority patching. However, the explicit AC:H (high attack complexity) is the key moderating signal: successful exploitation depends on conditions outside the attacker's full control (e.g., a specific path, parameter, or wrapper state), which is why the score lands at 8.1 rather than 9.8. No EPSS score, no CISA KEV listing, and no public POC were provided, so there is no evidence of active or imminent mass exploitation at the time of analysis. Note a plausibility tension worth verifying: the title/tags frame this as 'Local File Inclusion / Information Disclosure' (which typically implies high confidentiality impact only), yet the input vector claims full C:H/I:H/A:H - CWE-98 (PHP file inclusion) can escalate to code execution via remote-file-inclusion or log/wrapper poisoning, so the I:H/A:H rating is defensible only if the flaw permits inclusion of attacker-controlled/executable content; verify the precise sink with Patchstack before treating integrity/availability impact as confirmed. Net: a real vulnerability worth patching on a reasonable cycle, but the absence of exploitation signals plus AC:H place it below drop-everything emergency status for most deployments. |
| Exploit ScenarioDerived | A remote, unauthenticated attacker crafts an HTTP request to a vulnerable Aalto theme endpoint that passes attacker-influenced input into a PHP include/require path, causing the server to include a local file (e.g., wp-config.php or sensitive system files) or, if remote/wrapper inclusion is possible, attacker-controlled PHP. Because AC:H applies, the attacker must satisfy a non-trivial precondition (such as a specific parameter state or achievable local file content) to reliably trigger inclusion. No public exploit identified at time of analysis, so real-world exploitation would require the attacker to independently develop the technique. |
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Alert meAnalysisAIv1 – Oct 10, 2026
Unauthenticated local file inclusion in the Aalto WordPress theme (vendor Edge Themes) at versions 1.8 and earlier allows remote attackers to steer the theme's PHP include/require logic toward attacker-influenced file paths, producing the high confidentiality, integrity, and availability impact reflected in the assessed CVSS of 8.1. The vector is AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H, so no authentication or user interaction is required but a non-default precondition - such as a specific request parameter, a reachable theme code path, or includable content the attacker can reference - must be satisfied for exploitation to succeed, which is why the issue is context-dependent rather than universally exploitable. Exposure is limited to sites actively running the Aalto theme at 1.8 or below; there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis and the theme is not confirmed actively exploited (no CISA KEV listing).
RemediationAI
No vendor-released patched version is identified in the available data; the Patchstack advisory entry at https://patchstack.com/database/wordpress/theme/aalto/vulnerability/wordpress-aalto-theme-1-8-local-file-inclusion-vulnerability-2 should be monitored for an updated Aalto release, and any new theme version should be applied as soon as Edge Themes publishes one. As a concrete compensating control, deactivate and delete the Aalto theme from every WordPress installation that does not strictly require it - an unused theme is still an exploitable set of PHP files on disk, so leaving it installed while switching to another theme only partially reduces risk. If the theme must remain active temporarily, restrict reachability of its PHP entry points: block web requests whose paths target the theme directory under wp-content/themes/aalto (an Apache/Nginx location or rule), and deploy a WAF rule that inspects query-string and request parameters for path-traversal and PHP wrapper patterns such as '..', 'php://filter', 'php://input', and include-style parameters; the trade-off is that overly broad path or parameter blocking can break legitimate theme functionality, so rules should be tuned and logged before enforcement. Additional hardening that raises the bar against this class of bug includes setting allow_url_include=Off and allow_url_fopen=Off in php.ini, applying open_basedir to confine PHP file access to the web root, and disabling dangerous wrappers via the disable_functions/disable_classes directives - noting that open_basedir can break plugins that legitimately read files outside the web root, and WAF coverage is a mitigation rather than a fix for the underlying unvalidated include path. Because the assessed vector is PR:N and UI:N, treat any request reaching the vulnerable parameter as potentially hostile and log it for incident triage.
Affected VersionsENISA
Affected Packages
Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)
Affects your stack
Affects 1 package in euvd
Checking this CVE against your own stacks and servers is part of the Basic plan and up.
Technical ContextAI · show details
The root cause class is CWE-98 (Improper Control of Filename for Include/Require Statement in PHP Program, commonly labeled PHP Remote/Local File Inclusion). WordPress themes are ordinary PHP applications executed by the web server, and the Aalto theme builds an include or require path from request-supplied input without an allowlist or path canonicalization, so an attacker who can reach that code path can direct PHP to load a file of their choosing from the local filesystem. The CPE string cpe:2.3:a:edge-themes:aalto identifies the affected component as the Aalto theme published by Edge Themes, distinct from the WordPress core; the vulnerability is theme-version-bound rather than core-dependent. Because LFI sinks in PHP can read arbitrary readable files and, under favorable configurations (write-accessible include targets, log or upload poisoning, wrappers such as php://filter), can escalate toward code execution, the assessed impacts are high across confidentiality, integrity, and availability. The AC:H rating in the assessed vector indicates that the exploitable path is guarded by a precondition the attacker does not fully control, consistent with the Patchstack-reported 'local file inclusion' classification. No CVSS vector or scoring was provided by the vendor in the supplied references; the 8.1 score and vector are the independently assessed values.
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Severity by source
AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
Network-reachable, unauthenticated (PR:N) file-inclusion sink with no user interaction; AC:H reflects a required non-default precondition, and CWE-98 inclusion can yield code execution justifying C/I/A:H.
Primary rating from Vendor (Patchstack).
CVSS VectorVendor: Patchstack
DescriptionCVE.org
Unauthenticated Local File Inclusion in Aalto <= 1.8 versions.
Executive ViewAI
Organizations that host public websites on the Aalto WordPress theme (Edge Themes) at version 1.8 or earlier are exposed to an unauthenticated file-inclusion flaw (CVE-2026-42777, CVSS 8.1) that can allow an outside attacker to pull attacker-influenced files into the theme's PHP execution path, with the potential for full compromise of confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the affected site. Because exploitation requires no credentials or user interaction, any internet-facing site running this theme is a candidate target, and the vendor has not released a fix - meaning the exposure persists until the theme is removed, replaced, or otherwise isolated. Leadership should care because the affected asset is typically the organization's customer-facing web presence, where a compromise can lead to defacement, data theft, malware distribution to visitors, and regulatory or reputational consequences. No public exploit code and no confirmed active exploitation were identified at the time of analysis, so this is a prioritized remediation issue rather than an active-incident scenario.
No vendor-released patch identified at time of analysis. Interim mitigations: deactivate or remove the Aalto theme (versions 1.8 and earlier) and switch to an alternative or default theme; where removal is not immediately possible, apply WAF/edge rules to block traversal and file-inclusion patterns against theme PHP paths, harden PHP settings (allow_url_include off, open_basedir restricted), tighten file permissions on the theme directory, and enable file-integrity monitoring and log review for traversal attempts until the theme is replaced or a vendor fix is obtained.
Threat Intelligence Overview
How this decision was reached
The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.
What every action level means
SSVC AssessmentENISA
Priority Score
Attack Technique
Local File Inclusion vulnerabilities occur when an application accepts user-controlled input to specify which file should be loaded or executed, typically through functions like PHP's `include()`, `require()`, or `fopen()`.
Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security.
EUVD-2026-96455
GHSA-9wg3-82w7-8hf5
NVD
CVE.org
EPSS
Vulnrichment
Exploit-DB