Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain
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AccessControl L1 nested guest on PPC KVM host
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DeliveryIssue single-LPID tlbie (is=2, ric=2)
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ExploitRace nested-guest removal/free window
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ExecutionTrigger use-after-free of host kvm_nested_guest
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ImpactCorrupt host kernel memory / escalate or crash host
Vulnerability Assessment
| Exploitation Conditions | Requires a PowerPC Book3S HV host running KVM with nested virtualization in use, and the attacker must control an L1 guest capable of issuing tlbie instructions (single-LPID, is=2/ric=2) to drive kvmhv_remove_nested()/kvmhv_release_nested() and free the kvm_nested_guest. Exploitation is a timing-dependent race: the attacker's free on one vCPU must land in the window after another vCPU drops mmu_lock in kvmhv_emulate_tlbie_all_lpid() but before it dereferences the pointer. Limiting factors: no remote vector (local L1-guest access only, PR:L), PowerPC-architecture-only, nested KVM must be enabled, and winning the race window is non-trivial (timing-dependent). Does not affect non-PPC or non-nested KVM deployments. |
| Impact | Signals are mixed and point to a serious-but-narrow issue. The CVSS 3.1 base score is 8.8 (vector AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H), driven by the scope change (S:C) representing an L1 nested guest corrupting host-kernel memory with full C/I/A impact - effectively a guest-to-host escape primitive. However, EPSS is only 0.18% (7th percentile), there is no CISA KEV listing, and no public exploit identified at time of analysis, so this is not currently a mass-exploitation threat. The vector's AC:L is questionable: the description is explicitly a race condition (a concurrent vCPU must free the kvm_nested_guest in a specific window), which in practice raises attack complexity - this analysis assesses AC:H. The realistic risk is a privileged, local attacker who already controls an L1 guest on a PowerPC Book3S HV KVM host with nested virtualization; against that specific configuration a reliable UAF is high-impact, but the affected code path is PowerPC-only and nested-KVM-only, so this is a targeted/specialized concern rather than a broad enterprise priority. Note the 'Information Disclosure' tag understates the issue - a UAF of host kernel structures implies memory corruption and potential host code execution, not merely disclosure. |
| Exploit ScenarioDerived | A malicious or compromised L1 guest on a PowerPC (Book3S HV) KVM host with nested virtualization enabled issues a single-LPID tlbie (is=2, ric=2) on one vCPU while another vCPU iterates the nested-guest IDR in kvmhv_emulate_tlbie_all_lpid(); the race frees the kvm_nested_guest (gp) while it is still in use, and subsequent accesses to gp->tlb_lock, gp->shadow_pgtable, and gp->l1_host touch freed memory. No public exploit exists, but the free path is fully L1-controlled, making the race attacker-triggerable. |
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Alert meAnalysisAIv1 – Oct 07, 2026
Use-after-free in the Linux kernel's KVM PowerPC Book3S HV nested-virtualization path (kvmhv_emulate_tlbie_all_lpid) lets a local attacker who controls an L1 guest corrupt host kernel memory by racing a tlbie-driven nested-guest free against a vCPU iterating the nested-guest IDR, yielding high confidentiality and integrity impact on the host (assessed CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H; the vendor/NVD vector lists the same impacts with AC:L for 8.8). Exploitation is timing-dependent and limited to PowerPC Book3S HV hosts running KVM with nested virtualization enabled and exercised; there is no public exploit code identified at time of analysis and EPSS is low (0.18%, 7th percentile), so risk is serious but narrow. Vendor fixes are released in Linux 6.1.189, 6.6.158, 6.12.112, 6.18.54, 7.2.8 and 7.3-rc4 (EUVD-2026-93211).
RemediationAI
Vendor-released patch: upgrade to Linux 6.1.189, 6.6.158, 6.12.112, 6.18.54, 7.2.8 or 7.3-rc4 (or later on those branches); the individual fixes are at https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/24b634852413229bb8340d908b115c3365f3a247, https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/fbf69b7d0555ee83c871f58750770f74b7179ad1, https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/e37fba1ba69385cff2d0e60b371ee19e7d1852d1, https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/51938dfa8a51a4f85328413fca9b6e21f9d2d088, https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/ec2d7a52b3996ae81131617b4afc0af31583c1b4 and https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/4d8f7b1f586375df8bce23a0909566ad5e852259, and the fix takes effect only after the host KVM module is reloaded or the host is rebooted. Where PowerPC hosts cannot be patched immediately, the effective compensating control is to stop enabling nested virtualization for untrusted L1 guests: do not expose the KVM_CAP_PPC_NESTED_HV capability, avoid starting nested (KVM-in-guest) workloads, and restrict who may create nested guests to trusted tenants - the trade-off is loss of nested virtualization entirely on that host (no KVM guests inside guests, breaking nested test/PowerVM-style workloads). Because the free is driven by the L1 guest's own tlbie/is=2,ric=2 instruction, there is no host-side port or endpoint to block and no seccomp/LSM filter that reliably removes the race; lowering exposure therefore must come from removing nested guests or patching. EPSS is only 0.18% and no public exploit code is identified, so patching can be scheduled against reboot windows on PowerPC Book3S HV hosts rather than treated as emergency, provided nested virtualization is not offered to untrusted tenants in the interim.
Affected VersionsENISA
Affected Packages
Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)
Affects your stack
Affects 1 package in euvd
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Technical ContextAI · show details
The flaw is a classic use-after-free (CWE-416) in KVM's nested-guest management for PowerPC Book3S HV. Nested guests are tracked in an IDR keyed by nested guest (gp, kvm_nested_guest) with refcounted lifetime managed by kvmhv_get_nested()/kvmhv_put_nested(). kvmhv_emulate_tlbie_all_lpid() walks that IDR, drops mmu_lock before calling kvmhv_emulate_tlbie_lpid(), but unlike every other call site that drops mmu_lock it does not take a reference on gp; when a concurrent vCPU processes a single-LPID tlbie (is=2, ric=2) it can run kvmhv_flush_nested() -> kvmhv_remove_nested() -> idr_remove/refcount decrement -> kvmhv_release_nested() -> kfree(gp) inside that window, leaving the iterating vCPU with a dangling pointer. It then touches freed memory at mutex_lock(&gp->tlb_lock) and in accesses to gp->shadow_pgtable, gp->shadow_lpid and gp->l1_host - all host kernel memory, and the free path is fully controlled by the L1 guest. The upstream fix mirrors kvmhv_get_nested() by incrementing gp->refcnt inside the loop before releasing mmu_lock and dropping the reference with kvmhv_put_nested() after the per-guest work, restoring the standard get/put discipline. Affected code is architecture-specific: CPE identifies the Linux kernel (cpe:2.3:a:linux:linux) but only PowerPC Book3S HV nested hosts are reachable; introductory commit is e3b6b4661527e821ffbe3db83952fdb1e6e47c49 (4.20-era per EUVD). Note the tag 'Information Disclosure' understates the assessed C:H/I:H/A:H impact, since the dangling gp fields include function-pointer-adjacent state and page-table metadata.
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Severity by source
AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H
L1 guest is local and privileged (AV:L/PR:L); the UAF is a timing race so AC:H; guest-to-host kernel corruption changes scope (S:C) with full host C/I/A impact.
Primary rating from Vendor (Linux).
CVSS VectorVendor: Linux
Lifecycle Timeline
4DescriptionCVE.org
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved:
KVM: PPC: Book3S HV: fix use-after-free in kvmhv_emulate_tlbie_all_lpid()
kvmhv_emulate_tlbie_all_lpid() iterates the nested-guest IDR and drops mmu_lock before calling kvmhv_emulate_tlbie_lpid(), but does not hold a reference on the kvm_nested_guest pointer obtained from the IDR. A concurrent vCPU issuing a single-LPID tlbie (is=2, ric=2) can race through kvmhv_flush_nested() -> kvmhv_remove_nested() -> idr_remove / --refcnt -> kvmhv_release_nested() -> kfree(gp) in that window, leaving the iterating vCPU with a dangling pointer. The subsequent mutex_lock(&gp->tlb_lock) and accesses to gp->shadow_pgtable, gp->shadow_lpid and gp->l1_host all touch freed memory. The free path is fully L1-controlled.
Fix this by incrementing gp->refcnt inside the loop before dropping mmu_lock, mirroring what kvmhv_get_nested() does, and releasing the reference with kvmhv_put_nested() after the per-guest work completes. This is the same get/put discipline already used at every other call site that drops mmu_lock while holding a nested-guest pointer.
Executive ViewAI
A memory-corruption flaw in the Linux kernel's KVM hypervisor can let a user inside a virtual machine on PowerPC Book3S HV systems break out and corrupt memory on the host itself, undermining the isolation that separates tenant or team workloads from the platform they run on. Only hosts of that specific architecture with nested virtualization enabled and actually exercised are exposed, and success depends on precise timing, so the at-risk population is narrow - but where it applies the result is host-level loss of confidentiality and integrity. Leadership should care because this is a trust-boundary control, and because the vendor has already published fixed kernels, remediation is straightforward for teams that act on it.
Apply vendor patch.
Threat Intelligence Overview
How this decision was reached
The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.
What every action level means
SSVC AssessmentENISA
Priority Score
Attack Technique
Information disclosure occurs when an application unintentionally exposes sensitive data that aids attackers in reconnaissance or directly compromises security.
EUVD-2026-93211
GHSA-f6vc-5ch2-5vxm
NVD
CVE.org
EPSS
Exploit-DB