EUVD-2026-92104
GHSA-mq63-7hcv-jfrc
Severity by source
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:X/R:X/V:X/RE:X/U:X
Remote unauthenticated (AV:N/PR:N) but AC:H because exploitation depends on non-default returnCode delivery, dual OTP enrollment, and known login name; account takeover yields full C/I/A impact.
Primary rating from Vendor (VulnCheck).
CVSS VectorVendor: VulnCheck
Lifecycle Timeline
4DescriptionCVE.org
ZITADEL before 4.17.1 contains an authentication bypass vulnerability in Login V2 that allows unauthenticated attackers to take over accounts by obtaining OTP codes via the returnCode delivery type. Attackers knowing a login name of a victim with OTP-Email and OTP-SMS enrolled can read both codes from server-action responses to gain MFA-authenticated sessions, including administrator takeover.
AnalysisAI
Remote account takeover in ZITADEL versions before 4.17.1 allows unauthenticated attackers to compromise MFA-protected accounts, including administrator accounts, by reading OTP codes from server-action responses when the 'returnCode' OTP delivery type is enabled and the victim has both OTP-Email and OTP-SMS enrolled. The attack requires prior knowledge of the victim's login name and a non-default deployment configuration; instances using standard out-of-band OTP delivery or users without both factors are unaffected. …
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Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata
Vulnerability AssessmentAI
| Exploitation | Exploitation requires a specific non-default deployment: the ZITADEL instance must use the 'returnCode' OTP delivery type (which returns codes in server-action responses rather than delivering them out-of-band), and the targeted victim must have both OTP-Email and OTP-SMS factors enrolled. … Additional conditions and limiting factors are described in the full assessment. |
| Risk Assessment | This is a high-priority vulnerability on paper (CVSS 4.0 base 9.2) because it enables full account takeover - including administrator accounts - of a ZITADEL identity provider by an unauthenticated network attacker (PR:N/AV:N), with VC:H/VI:H/VA:H reflecting complete compromise of confidentiality, integrity, and availability of the targeted identity. … Full risk analysis with EPSS, KEV, and SSVC signal comparison available after sign-in. |
| Exploit Scenario | Full exploit scenario with step-by-step reproduction available after sign-in. |
| Remediation | Upgrade ZITADEL to version 4.17.1 or later, which contains the vendor patch. … Detailed patch versions, workarounds, and compensating controls in full report. |
Recommended ActionAI
Within 24 hours, inventory all ZITADEL deployments to identify systems running versions prior to 4.17.1, determine whether the non-default 'returnCode' OTP delivery type is enabled, and identify any users (especially administrators) enrolled in both OTP-Email and OTP-SMS; for affected instances, immediately disable the 'returnCode' OTP delivery type or switch to standard out-of-band OTP delivery, and remove one of the two OTP factors from all users to eliminate the attack path. …
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Zitadel is open-source identity infrastructure software. Rated critical severity (CVSS 9.1), this vulnerability is remot
ZITADEL is an identity infrastructure system. Rated high severity (CVSS 8.8), this vulnerability is remotely exploitable
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Same weakness CWE-200 – Information Exposure
View allSame technique Authentication Bypass
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External POC / Exploit Code
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