Attack ChainAIDerived
Hypothetical attack flow derived from CVE metadata – not a confirmed exploit chain
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AccessReach workflow with external-input-bound node
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DeliveryInject query-literal breakout characters
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ExploitBreak out of single-record filter
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ExecutionWiden lookup to match-all query
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ImpactExfiltrate bulk contacts/tickets/directory records
Vulnerability Assessment
| Weakness |
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A05:2025 - Injection
ASVS 5.0
V1 - Encoding and Sanitization Query language parameterization
|
| Exploitation Conditions | Exploitation requires that an n8n workflow actually uses a SendGrid, Freshservice, or ServiceNow node, AND that a vulnerable lookup/filter parameter on that node is bound to untrusted external input (e.g. a webhook payload, form field, or other attacker-influenced upstream value) rather than a static value - this is the AT:P attack requirement. If the node parameters are hardcoded or sourced only from trusted data, the match-all widening cannot be triggered. No n8n account is needed (PR:N) and no user interaction is required (UI:N), but the specific node and data-binding configuration are the real limiting factors. Impact is bounded to bulk read exposure (contacts, tickets, directory entries) on the connected third-party service, not the n8n host itself. |
| Impact | This is a genuine data-exposure flaw but a moderate operational priority. The CVSS 4.0 vector (AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N) scores 6.9, driven largely by the scope-change (SC:H) and the 'attack requirement' (AT:P) acknowledging that exploitation is not possible against a default install - a workflow author must have configured a SendGrid, Freshservice, or ServiceNow node and bound a vulnerable parameter to untrusted external input (e.g. a webhook field). The actual confidentiality impact is only Low (VC:L): the bug widens a single-record lookup into a match-all query, leaking bulk records (contact lists, tickets, directory entries) but not full secrets, and there is no integrity or availability impact. No EPSS score, no CISA KEV listing, and no public proof-of-concept are present in the provided data, so there is no public exploit identified at time of analysis - exploitation potential is theoretical and conditional. No SSVC decision data was supplied. Net: a real injection/authorization-widening bug worth patching, but gated behind specific node usage and non-default data-binding, so not an emergency relative to its headline score. Note the input Tags include 'Authentication Bypass,' which conflicts with the CWE-943 query-injection nature of this flaw - treat the auth-bypass label as inaccurate. |
| Exploit ScenarioDerived | An n8n workflow uses a SendGrid, Freshservice, or ServiceNow node whose lookup/filter parameter is populated from untrusted external input (such as an incoming webhook or form submission). An attacker supplies input containing query-literal breakout characters, escaping the intended single-record filter and turning it into a match-all query that returns the entire contact list, ticket queue, or directory. No authentication to n8n is required (PR:N), but the vulnerable node must be in use and bound to attacker-reachable input (AT:P); no public PoC is available. |
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Alert meAnalysisAIv1 – Oct 01, 2026
Filter bypass in the SendGrid, Freshservice, and ServiceNow nodes of n8n (versions before 2.39.6 and 2.40.0 before 2.40.1) lets unescaped parameter interpolation break out of query literals and widen single-record lookups into match-all queries, exposing bulk data such as contact lists, tickets, and directory entries on the connected third-party service. Exploitation is unauthenticated (CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N) but conditional: the workflow must actually use one of the three affected nodes and bind a vulnerable lookup/filter parameter to untrusted external input, which is reflected in the AT:P attack-requirement rating. No public exploit code was identified at time of analysis and the issue is not in CISA KEV; impact is bounded to bulk read exposure of third-party data, not compromise of the n8n host itself, and a vendor-released patch is available.
RemediationAI
Vendor-released patch: upgrade to n8n 2.39.6 (for the 2.39.x line and earlier) or 2.40.1 (for deployments on 2.40.0), per the GitHub advisory GHSA-5pg9-2vqx-r6jm. Patching is the only complete fix because the flaw is in the nodes' query construction itself. If immediate upgrade is not possible, treat this as a configuration-dependent issue and reduce exposure: identify every workflow using the SendGrid, Freshservice, or ServiceNow nodes and audit whether any lookup/filter parameter is bound to externally influenced data (webhook bodies, form submissions, chat or email input, upstream HTTP responses); rebind those parameters to static or allow-listed values, or insert a validation/transformation step that strips query metacharacters and enforces the intended single-record identifier - the trade-off is reduced workflow dynamism and possible breakage of legitimate dynamic lookups. Additionally, limit which external triggers can reach the vulnerable nodes, since the attacker must supply the malicious value through a trigger path; note that this narrows attack surface but does not remediate the underlying interpolation defect, and hardcoded-parameter workflows need no action. Rotate or scope down the credentials used by the affected integrations (SendGrid, Freshservice, ServiceNow) to the minimum record set required, so that a successful match-all query yields less data - a compensating control only, not a substitute for patching. No public exploit code was identified at time of analysis, so emergency out-of-band change-management steps are not warranted; schedule the upgrade as a moderate-priority maintenance action and verify afterward that no workflow still passes untrusted input directly into these parameters.
Affected VersionsENISA
Affected Packages
Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)
Affects your stack
Affects 1 package in euvd
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Technical ContextAI · show details
n8n is a workflow automation platform whose nodes translate user-configured parameters into queries against external SaaS APIs. The affected SendGrid, Freshservice, and ServiceNow nodes interpolate parameter values directly into query literals without escaping or type-safety enforcement, the classic improper neutralization of special elements in data query logic (CWE-943, tracked in this disclosure as NoSQL injection / authentication-bypass style filter evasion). An attacker who can influence a parameter value - through a webhook payload, form field, or other attacker-controlled upstream data - can inject syntactic characters that terminate the intended literal and append match-all operators, converting a lookup intended to return a single record into one that returns the entire collection. Because the node operates with its own configured service credentials, the injected query executes with the privileges of the connected SendGrid, Freshservice, or ServiceNow integration, which is why the scope is changed (S:C) in the assessed vector even though confidentiality impact is limited (C:L) and there is no integrity or availability effect. Only the three named nodes are affected; the vulnerability does not exist in the n8n core engine itself.
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Severity by source
CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:N/VA:N/SC:H/SI:N/SA:N
Network, no auth and no interaction (PR:N/UI:N); scope changes to the connected third-party service (S:C); only bulk read exposure (C:L), no integrity or availability impact.
Primary rating from Vendor (VulnCheck).
CVSS VectorVendor: VulnCheck
Lifecycle Timeline
1DescriptionCVE.org
n8n versions before 2.39.6 and 2.40.0 before 2.40.1 contain an unescaped parameter interpolation vulnerability in SendGrid, Freshservice, and ServiceNow nodes that allows attackers to bypass filters by breaking out of query literals. Attackers can exploit this by binding vulnerable node parameters to untrusted external input to widen single-record lookups into match-all queries, exposing bulk data including contact lists, tickets, and directory entries.
Threat Intelligence Overview
How this decision was reached
The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.
What every action level means
SSVC AssessmentENISA
Priority Score
Attack Technique
NoSQL injection exploits databases that don't use traditional SQL syntax-like MongoDB, CouchDB, or Redis-by manipulating queries through unsanitized user input.
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An authenticated user with workflow creation or modification privileges in n8n workflow automation platform can exploit
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Authenticated n8n users can hijack administrator accounts when LDAP authentication is enabled by manipulating their LDAP
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SQL injection in n8n's Data Table Get node allows authenticated users with workflow modification permissions to execute
Authenticated users can exploit string formatting and exception handling in n8n's Python task executor to escape sandbox
EUVD-2026-90652
GHSA-fr2j-m9j7-53r7
NVD
CVE.org
EPSS
Vulnrichment
Exploit-DB