Vulnerability Assessment
| Weakness |
CWE
OWASP Top 10:2025
A06:2025 - Insecure Design
ASVS 5.0
V4 - API and Web Service HTTP request consistency
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Alert meAnalysisAIv1 – Sep 15, 2026
HTTP/1.1 request smuggling in http4s blaze allows a remote client to desynchronize message boundaries between blaze's hand-written Java wire parser and a fronting proxy, enabling front-end authorization bypass, response-queue poisoning on pooled backend connections, or cache poisoning. All deployments of blaze prior to 0.23.18, and the 1.0.0 milestone line from 1.0.0-M1 through 1.0.0-M41, are affected via five independent parser laxities that are reachable from a default BlazeServerBuilder with no non-default configuration. Exploitation is not confirmed in the wild and no public exploit code was identified at time of analysis; CISA SSVC records exploitation as none and automatable as no, and no EPSS score was supplied with the source data.
Affected VersionsENISA
Affected Packages
Source: OSV (Open Source Vulnerabilities)
Affects your stack
Affects 10 packages in maven, euvd
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Severity by source
AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:N
Primary rating from Vendor (GitHub_M) · only source for this CVE.
CVSS VectorVendor: GitHub_M
DescriptionCVE.org
blaze is a Scala library for building asynchronous pipelines, with a focus on network IO. Prior to 0.23.18 and from 1.0.0-M1 until 1.0.0-M42, five HTTP/1.1 conformance laxities in the hand-written Java parser under http/src/main/java/org/http4s/blaze/http/parser/ can cause blaze to derive a different request boundary than a stricter fronting intermediary. A default BlazeServerBuilder accepts invalid or valueless header field names that violate tchar syntax, obsolete folded field lines (obs-fold), unsupported Transfer-Encoding values, duplicate Content-Length fields, and requests containing both Transfer-Encoding and Content-Length. If a lenient or legacy proxy forwards the malformed bytes but interprets them differently, the disagreement can permit front-end authorization bypass, response-queue poisoning on pooled backend connections, or cache poisoning. Exploitation requires a pair of disagreeing parsers; no non-default blaze configuration is required. The affected checks are enforced in BodyAndHeaderParser and Http1ServerParser. This issue is fixed in versions 0.23.18 and 1.0.0-M42.
Blast Radius
ecosystem impact- 10 maven packages depend on org.http4s:http4s-blaze-server_2.13 (4 direct, 6 indirect)
Ecosystem-wide dependent count for version 0.23.18.
Technical POC Analysis
CWE-444 (Inconsistent Interpretation of HTTP Requests / HTTP Request Smuggling).
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Threat Intelligence Overview
How this decision was reached
The engine reads each signal below and applies a fixed list of rules from top to bottom. The first rule that matches sets the recommended action – like a statement, every line is shown.
What every action level means
SSVC AssessmentENISA
Priority Score
Attack Technique
Authentication bypass attacks exploit flaws in the verification mechanisms that control access to systems and applications.
HTTP request smuggling exploits inconsistencies in how front-end and back-end servers parse HTTP message boundaries.
Unbounded WebSocket fragment aggregation in http4s-blaze-server allows any client that completes a WebSocket handshake t
blaze is a Scala library for building asynchronous pipelines, with a focus on network IO. Rated high severity (CVSS 7.5)
Header injection in http4s blaze-server allows remote unauthenticated attackers to smuggle arbitrary HTTP headers - incl
EUVD-2026-77697
GHSA-mhvj-jhpq-885v
NVD
CVE.org
EPSS
Vulnrichment
Exploit-DB